Thesubjunctivemood

虛擬語氣Part1語氣英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(常用在條件狀語從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(常用在名詞性從句中)。簡言之，即：不是事實或不大可能發(fā)生的事情，就用虛擬語氣來表述虛擬語氣的概念SubjectivemoodIf型Should+v型類似if型。。。。。。。。?；祀s條件句(各自為準(zhǔn))Were,had,should提前，省略if1.一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。2.Itis（necessary，strange…）+that…wish/asifWouldrather/ifonlyItis(high)timethat…Butfor/otherwise/without/inthatcase1.過去式2.過去完成3.could、would、might+v1.過去式2.過去完成Should（不?。?v/過去式1.Would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,should,might+havedoneinsistsuggest虛擬語氣的?？夹问剑?/p>

1.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句

2.名詞性從句

3.固定句式

4.情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬

5.可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況If引導(dǎo)的條件句a.if真實條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語氣。b.if虛擬條件句

表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語氣。Ifwehavechances,wecanhavefurthercooperation.IfIhaveanotherchance,IwillvisitChinaagain.if真實條件句用于陳述語氣,假設(shè)的情況很有可能發(fā)生,其中if是“如果”的意思if條件從句一般現(xiàn)在時

主句will\shall+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?Iwill

sleepathomeifitrainstomorrow.if虛擬條件句

表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語氣。

if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句②與現(xiàn)在事實相反①與過去事實相反③與將來事實可能相反

if虛擬條件句

if虛擬條件句主句與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+had+動詞的過去分詞即：If+過去完成時態(tài)主語+would(should/might/could)＋havedoneIfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully,

he

wouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay,2009.與過去事實相反IfTomhadlearnthowtoswim,hewouldnothavebeentrappedonthatislandforfouryears.與過去事實相反Ifhe

hadgotupearlier

,he

couldhavecaughtthetrain.與過去事實相反Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit______allday.A.rained B.rainsC.hasrained D.israining解析：句子前半部分陳述的是與過去事實相反的事情，所以用了虛擬語氣?！跋铝艘惶斓挠辍笔鞘聦?，所以用陳述語氣。因為是發(fā)生在過去的事實，所以正確答案為A。

if虛擬條件句

if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用were)主語+would(should/might/could)＋動詞原形即：If+一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用were)IfI

hadagreatdealofmoney,

I

would

buyavilla(別墅)formyparents.

與現(xiàn)在事實相反?IfIweretheschoolmaster,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.與現(xiàn)在事實相反Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe______singIwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mightnot解析：that從句為同位語從句，描述的是事實，用陳述語氣。正確答案為C。

if虛擬條件句

if虛擬條件句主句與將來事實相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+wereto+動詞原形3、If+主語+should+動詞原形主語+would(should/might/could)＋動詞原形IfImetObamasomeday,Iwouldshakehandswithhim.

IfIweretomeetObamasomeday,…IfIshouldmeetObamasomeday,…與將來事實相反IfI____plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.(05湖北)A.would B.could C.hadto D.oughtto解析：句子描述的是與將來事實相反的事情，所以正確答案為B。

if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)與過去事實相反的假設(shè)與將來事實相反的假設(shè)1．If+主語+動詞過去式2．If+主語+wereto+動詞原形3．If+主語+should+動詞原形If+主語+動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用were)主語+would(should/might/could)＋動詞原形即：If+一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用were)If+主語+had+動詞的過去分詞即：If+過去完成時態(tài)主語+would(should/might/could)＋havedone主語+would(should/might/could)＋動詞原形Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you____sotired.(96全國)A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

答案D1.（2010高考英語天津卷）Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhe

meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtell B.tellsC.told D.hadtold【答案】D【解析】主從句都是對過去發(fā)生事實的一種意愿表達(dá)，從句采用havedone的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D。2.（2010高考英語陜西卷）Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.take B.hadtakenC.took D.havetaken【答案】B【解析】主句的謂語動詞形式mighthavearrived可知題干是與過去事實相反選B。3.（2010高考英語湖南卷）Ifhe

myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollow【答案】C4.（2010高考英語北京卷）--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_______.A.wouldn’tdieB.didn’tdieC.hadn’tdied D.wouldn’thavedied【答案】D【解析】表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，故主句用would/could/might/should+havedone，即D項正確。注意以下問題：1.

錯綜時間虛擬條件句2.(if省略)倒裝虛擬條件句3.含蓄條件句

通常情況下，在非真實條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指時間是一致的，但有時也可能指不同的時間，這時要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式。虛擬條件句和主句動作如發(fā)生的時間不一致，主句和從句的謂語要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式，這種句子叫做錯綜時間條件句。3、錯綜時間虛擬句（混合虛擬條件句)

if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)與過去事實相反的假設(shè)與將來事實相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+wereto+動詞原形3、If+主語+should+動詞原形If+主語+動詞的過去式（be動詞一般用were)主語+would(should/might/could)＋動詞原形即：If+一般過去時態(tài)（be動詞一般用were)If+主語+had+動詞的過去分詞即：If+過去完成時態(tài)主語+would(should/might/could)＋havedone主語+would(should/might/could)＋動詞原形錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句1）從句與過去相反，主句與現(xiàn)在相反

Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbeverycooltoday.2)從句與現(xiàn)在相反，主句與過去相反

IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.3)從句與現(xiàn)在相反，主句與將來相反

Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.4)從句與過去相反，主句與將來相反

Iftheyhadlefthomeintheearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour1)如果你當(dāng)時聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。

Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.2)如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty3)假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.Ifhe______hislegsyesterday,he_____withusnow.A.hadn’thurt;wouldgoB.hadn’thurt;wouldhavegoneC.didn’thurt;wouldgoD.didn’thurt;wouldhavegoneItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____love,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfailD.weretofail2.

在虛擬條件句中，如果條件句中有were,had（助動詞）或should時，可使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但if必須省略。若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語之后，而不能與were，should，had等縮略成weren’t，shouldn’t，hadn’t置于句首。

1).HadIseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.=IfIhadseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.2).ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.3).WereInotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.補(bǔ)充例句：要不是……(固定句式)Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkyesterday.=Haditnotbeenfor…,…Ifitwerenotforlackingmoney,Iwouldgotravellingrightnow.=Wereitnotforlackingmoney,…與過去事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以but、butfor、without、or、otherwise等引導(dǎo)的句子代替if從句，主句的謂語動詞的形式與前面虛擬語氣的基本用法相同。Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.要是沒有你的建議,我就不會那么成功地完成它。4、含蓄條件句虛擬條件不直言，都在上下文中聯(lián)；要不是沒有就缺乏，要不然否則就假設(shè)，butfor要不是,without沒有,intheabsenceof,缺乏……時，orelse否則，不然的話otherwise否則suppose假設(shè)providing如果，假設(shè)含蓄條件句butfor要不是,without沒有,(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副詞）(2)Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday,or/otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（連詞）直陳語氣虛擬語氣直陳語氣虛擬語氣(4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（獨立主格）=Ifeverythinghadbeentakenintoconsideration,…(了解即可)(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（連詞）直陳語氣虛擬語氣(5)用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句．常用的介詞有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifyouhadamilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?=Ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp/Ifyouhadn’thelpedus,…=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain,…虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Hehesitatedforamomentbeforehekickedtheball,otherwisehe____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescoredIwasawaythatday,otherwiseI____thelecture.A.hadattendedB.wouldhaveattendedC.wouldattendD.attended

Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.A.canmanage B.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanaged D.canhavemanaged1．Ifmyfather_____herenow,he______tellmewhattodo.A．were;wouldB．was;willC．hadbeen;wouldD．is;willExerciseA2.Ifhe__________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollowExerciseC3.IfI_____inthe22ndcentury,I________myvacationinaverydifferentway.

shouldlive;wouldspendwilllive;shouldspendareliving;shouldhavespentwillbeliving;wouldhavesp