《研究生英語精讀教程》(第三版·上)UnitFourUnitFourEinstein'sPainfulRomance1.Text2.Exercises3.SupplementaryReadingEinstein'sPainfulRomanceWalterSullivan①anguished△adj.feelingorexpressingverygreatpain,esp.ofmind(尤指心靈)很痛苦的correspondence※n.letter-writing,letters通信，信件[1]Thestoryofananguished*loveaffairbetweenAlbertEinstein①andthewomanwhowouldlaterbecomehisfirstwifehasemergedinnewlydisclosedcorrespondence*betweenthem.[2]Manyofthelettersdescribethelovebetweentheyoungscientistandhisfuturewife,MilevaMaric①;thepainassociatedwithhismother'svehement*disapprovaloftherelationship;andtheirexcitementovertheimpendingbirthofachild.vehementadj.fiercelystrongoreagerinsupportoforesp.inoppositiontosth.orsb.(支持或反對(duì))猛烈的，強(qiáng)烈的，劇烈的[3]Thefateofthechild,agirl,however,remainsamystery.Shewasbornbeforethecouplemarriedin1903andthereapparentlyisnorecordofwhatbecameofher.[4]Intertwined*withthedisclosuresofadifficultromancearefragmentsofEinstein'sthoughtashestruggledtowardconfidenceinhisconceptofrelativity①.intertwinev.(causeto)twisttogetherorwithsth.else(使)纏繞；編結(jié)[5]EinsteinandMaric,aSerb*borninaregionofHungary*thatisnowpartofYugoslavia*,becamefriendsin1896whilestudyingtogetherattheFederalTechnicalInstituteinZurich*.InsubsequentyearstheywrotefrequentlyasEinstein'seffortstofindworkandMaric'svisitshomecausedmanyseparations.Serbadj.塞爾維亞的，塞爾維亞人的Hungaryn.匈牙利Yugoslavian.南斯拉夫Zurichn.蘇黎世(瑞士)[6]Inhisletters,Einsteinconfided*inherhiseffortstoparticipateintherevolutiontakingplaceinmanyfieldsofphysics,includingthenatureoflight,relativemovementandmolecularphenomenon.confide△v.havetrustorfaithin;tellasecretto信任；向某人吐露秘密[7]AccordingtoDr.JohnStachel,aprofessorofphysicsatBostonUniversitywhoiseditoroftheEinsteinpapers,Maricappearstohavebeenmoreof"asoundingboard①"thanacontributortoEinstein'sideas.

[8]InalettertoMaricin1899,whenhewas20yearsold,Einsteinanticipatedhisfirsttheoryofrelativity,publishedsixyearslater.Itcameinaperiodwhenmanyphysicistsstillbelievedthatspacewasfilledwithaninvisiblemedium*throughwhichlightwavescouldbepropagated*.Theycalledthemediuma"luminiferous*ether〞*.mediumn.(pl.media)substance,surrounding,inwhichsth.existsorthroughwhichsth.moves媒介物，介質(zhì)propagate※v.transmit傳播，傳導(dǎo)luminiferous△adj.givingoffortransmittinglight發(fā)光的；傳光的ethern.ahypotheticalinvisiblesubstancepostulated(inoldertheory)aspervadingspaceandservingasthemediumforthetransmissionoflightwavesandotherformsofradiantenergy.(物理)以太(一度被認(rèn)為充滿整個(gè)空間，可借以傳送光波和其他形式輻射能量的介質(zhì))[9]Einstein'slettersalsorevealhisfamily'sdisdainforMaric.InJuly1900hehadbeenwarnedbyhissisterthathisparentswerebitterlyopposedtohimmarryingMaric.Whenhetoldhismotherofhisintention,"Mamathrewherselfonthebed,buriedherheadinthepillows,andcriedlikeachild,"hewrotetoMaric.[10]"Aftershehadrecoveredfromtheinitialshock,sheimmediatelyswitchedtoadesperate*

offensive*,"Einsteincontinued.Hequotedhismotherassaying,"Youareruiningyourfutureandblockingyourpaththroughlife."desperateadj.(ofaperson)filledwithdespairandreadytodoanything,regardlessofdanger(指人)因絕望而不惜冒險(xiǎn)的，猛烈的offensive※n.attacking;anattitudeofattack攻擊，攻勢(shì)[11]AlthoughEinstein'sfamilylookeddownonMaric'sbackground,anotherproblemwasthecouple'smeager*income.AsEinsteinwrotetoafriend,"Neitherofustwohasgottenajobandwesupportourselvesbyprivatelessons-whenwecanpickupsome,whichisstillveryquestionable."meageradj.瘦的，皮包骨的[12]Interspersed*amongEinstein'srepeatedexpressionsoflovewerediscussionsofscientificquestionswithwhichbothwereconcerned.

interspersev.placehereandthere散布，散置

[13]WhilevisitingtheSwisstownofAarau"agoodideaoccurredtome,"hewrote,"aboutawayofinvestigatinghowabody'srelativemotionwithrespecttotheluminiferousetheraffectsthevelocity*ofpropagationoflightintransparent*bodies.Alsoatheoryonthismatteroccurredtome,whichseemstobehighlyprobable."velocityn.speed速度2.transparentadj.allowinglighttopassthroughsothatobjectsbehindcanbedistinctlyseen透明的

[14]Healsowaspondering*"thedefinitionofabsoluterest",aparadoxthatledhimtohisinitialtheoryonrelativity.Thetheoryruledoutthepossibilityofabsoluterest,sinceallobjectsareconsideredtobeinmotionrelativetootherobjects.Healsowascontemplatingtheelectrodynamics*ofmovingbodieswhich,hesaid,"promisestobeacapitalpaper."ponder△v.consider,thinkover考慮，沉思electrodynamicsn.電動(dòng)力學(xué)[15]"IwrotetoyouthatIdoubtedthecorrectnessoftheideasaboutrelativemotion,"hewrote."Butmydoubtswerebasedsolelyonasimplemathematicalerror.NowIbelieveinitmorethanever."[16]Mr.Stachel,writingintheMayissueofPhysicsToday,saysthispassage"suggeststhatEinsteinhadalreadyadoptedsomeversionoftherelativityprinciple",althoughnotinitsfinalform.[17]AlthoughMarichasbeendepictedbyhistoriansasadullwoman,thelettersshowherinterestinthenatureofinfinity*.[18]"Idonotbelievethestructureofthehumanbrainistobeblamedforthefactthatmancannotgraspinfinity,"shewrotetohimin1897,whenhewas18yearsold.infinity※n.infinitude無限[19]Shecontinued:"Hecertainlycoulddothatifinhisyoungdays,whenhewaslearningtoperceive,thelittlefellowhadnotbeensocruellyconfinedtotheearth,oreventoanest,betweenfourwalls,butinsteadwasallowedtowalkoutalittleintotheuniverse."[20]Sciencehistorians,suchasGeraldHoltonofHarvardUniversity,regardEinstein'sabilityto"walkoutintotheuniverse"andthinkinpureabstractionsasessentialtohisrevolutionarydiscoveries.Particularlyremarkable,Mr.Holtonsaidinaninterview,istheextenttowhichtheirinterestinphysicsdominatesthecorrespondencedespitetheirpersonaldifficulties.

[21]"Mostimportantforhistoriansofscience",headded,istheevidencethatsoearlyinhislifeEinstein"wasalreadydeeplythinkingaboutthenatureoflight,relativityandmolecularmotion."This"allfellintoplaceinaspectacularsetofpapers"publishedin1905andthereafter,hesaid.[22]Despitelongperiodsofseparation,MaricandEinsteinoccasionallymanagedtomeetandhiketheSwissmountains.Aboutthetimeofoneoftheirexcursions*,inMay1901,shelearnedofherpregnancy.excursionn.shortjourney,esp.onemadebyanumberofpeopletogetherforpleasure短程旅途，遠(yuǎn)足[23]ThefirstletterinwhichEinsteinmentionedthissubject,however,beganwithdiscussionofapaperontheproductionofcathoderays*byultravioletlight*.Itthencontinued："Justbeofgoodcheer,love,anddon'tfret.Afterall,IamnotleavingyouandI'llbringeverythingtoahappyconclusion."cathoderays陰極射線ultravioletlight=ultravioletrays紫外線[24]Asinseveralsubsequentlettershereferredtothechildasthoughthebabywasalreadyborn,saying,"Howistheyoungchap?"[25]Maricwashopingforagirlandtheycalledtheunbornchild"Lieserl",adiminutive*ofLiese."Iamdizzywithjoy",Einsteinwroteher,afterreceivingwordofajobinBern*."TheonlythingthatmustbesolvedishowtohaveourLieserlwithus.Idonotwantforustohavetopartwithher."diminutiven.anameformedfromanotherbytheadditionofasuffixexpressingendearment愛稱，昵稱Bernn.伯爾尼(瑞士首都)[26]Despitehismother'sopposition,EinsteinandMaricweremarriedinJanuary1903inBern.Accordingtoaletter,toappearinthenextvolumeofhispapers,theEinsteinslaterlearnedthattheirdaughterhadrecoveredfromscarletfever*.Butapparentlyshewasstillinhermother'snativeregion.Thementionofscarletfeveristhelastreferencetothegirlinthecorrespondence.scarletfever猩紅熱Exercises

Ⅰ.Comprehension

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

Ⅲ.Cloze

Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)

Ⅵ.WritingⅠ.ComprehensionDecidewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueandwhichisfalseaccordingtoyourunderstandingofthetext.Ifitisaquestion,answeritbrieftly.FewpeoplehaveknownanythingaboutEinstein'spainfulromanceuntilrecentlyWhatwastheattitudeofEinstein'sfamilytowardsMaric?WhatwasEinstein'smother'sreaction?Einstein'sfirstchildwasbornin1903whenthecouplemarried.Ⅰ.ComprehensionEinsteinfellinlovewithMaricafterhegraduatedfromtheFederalTechnicalInstituteinZurich.MariccontributedmuchtoEinstein'searlythoughtsonrelativity.Physicistsusedtobelievethatlightwavestravelledthroughtheluminiferousether.Aftergraduation,Einsteinoftenhaddifficultyfindingwork.Einsteinlikedtogiveprivatelessons.Maricwasnotmuchinterestedindiscussionsofscientificquestionsinherletters.Einsteinoncedoubtedthecorrectnessoftheideasaboutrelativemotion.WhatkindofpersondosciencehistoriansthinkMaricwas?Fromthetextwemayinferthattheauthoragreeswiththesciencehistorians.Ⅰ.ComprehensionEinsteinandMaricoftenmetandhikedtheSwissmountainsdespitetheirpersonaldifficulties.MaricdidnotcareaboutEinstein'smother'sopposition.TheEinsteinslaterknewlittleaboutLieserlexceptthatsheoncesufferedfromscarletfever.Ⅰ.ComprehensionⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.1.Shewasinanguishuntilsheknewthatherhusband'slifewassaved.A.greatsuffering B.greatregretC.greatdespair D.greatdisappointment2.Ihavenothingbutdisdainforsuchaperson.A.respect B.hatred C.dislike D.contemptⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.3.Thegrasswasinterspersedwithbedsofflowers.A.scattered B.spreadC.diversified D.sethereandthere4.Iamsurediseasemustpropagateinsuchunsanitaryandcrowdedareas.A.release B.spread C.promote D.generateⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.5.Therewasameagerattendanceatthecouncilmeeting.A.small B.enough C.ample D.haughty6.Theendof1921foundthecapitalistoffensiveagainsttheworkersinfullswing.A.negotiation B.punishmentC.struggle D.attackⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.7.Wecan'truleoutthepossibilitythathewillcomeafterall.A.exclude B.refuse C.accept D.take8.Johnwasconfinedtobedforaweekwithhiscold.A.allowedin B.keptinC.tiedto D.shutonⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.9.Wethreewerethesolesurvivorsinthetrafficaccident.A.lucky B.fortunate C.blessed D.only10.Isleptthroughherdullspeech.A.dozing B.boring C.fascinating D.imaginativeⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.11.Ihavebeenin_________withhimaboutthematter.A.letters B.dealingsC.writings D.correspondence12.Icouldhearonly__________oftheirconversation.A.pieces B.slips C.fragments D.portionsⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.13.Theoldlady______thesweet-smellingflowersintoagarland.A.tied B.intertwinedC.curved D.twisted14.A______manwillstopatnothingtogetwhathewants.A.desperate B.prudentC.shrewd D.rudeⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.15.Mostbacteriagrowbestinaslightlyacid______.A.area B.place C.district D.medium16.Everyoneknowsthatthefireflyisa_____insect.A.firing B.lightingC.luminiferous D.glowingⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.17.Sports,andnotlearning,seemto______inthatschool.A.appear B.occupy C.dominateD.lead18.Eachchessplayerwillhavefiveminutesto______hisnextmove.A.make B.have C.take D.ponderⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.19.Thistimetheyreally______betterresults.A.hoped B.hopedforC.wished D.wishedto20.______cameofhissuccessabroad.A.Word B.Aword C.Words D.ThewordⅢ.ClozeReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,CorDforeachblankinthepassage.Thefoundersofmodernscience—forinstance,Galileo,KeplerandNewton—were1piousmenwhodidnotdoubtGod’spurposes.2theytooktherevolutionarystep3consciouslyanddeliberatelyforcingouttheideaofpurpose4controllingnature5theirnewscienceofnature.A.closely B.necessarily C.nearly D.quietlyA.NeverthelessB.ThereforeC.NotwithstandingD.MoreoverA.to B.for C.of D.AgainstA.as B.in C.about D.forA.of B.on C.from D.inTheydidthisonthe6thatinquiryintopurposesisuseless,for7scienceaimsat;namely,thepredictionandcontrolofevents.To8aneclipse,whatyouhavetoknowisnotitspurposebutitscauses.A.land B.base C.cause D.groundsA.which B.that C.what D.whereA.expect B.anticipate C.recollect D.foretellHencescience9theseventeenthcenturyonwardsbecame10aninquiryintocauses.The11ofpurposeintheworldwasignoredand12on.A.in B.from C.about D.asA.extensively B.inclusively C.infinitely D.exclusivelyA.application B.utilization C.concept D.perfectionA.frowned B.depended C.sealed D.suspendedThis,thoughsilentandalmostunnoticed,wasthegreatestrevolution13humanhistory,14outweighinginimportanceanyofthepoliticalrevolutions15thunderhasechoedthroughtheworld.A.on B.for C.in D.ofA.by B.far C.very D.moreA.which B.what C.that D.whoseⅣ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Maslowdefinedtheneedforself-realizationas"thedesiretobecomemorethanwhatoneis,tobecomeeverythingoneiscapableof".Apersonwhooperatesonthislevelusuallyviewsworkassomethingtobedoneinordertofeelcompleteasapersontofulfillapersonalphilosophy.Itisahigherlevelneedthantheoneforesteembecausethepersoninvolvedalreadyfeelsthatheorhisworkisworthwhileandrespected.Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Suchpeoplefindtheirworkintrinsicallyinterestingandsatisfying.Relativelyfewpeopleeverreachthestagewheretheyaredominatedbytheneedforself-realization.ThereisatendencytothinkthatonlyaSchweitzeroranEinsteinisinthisposition.Maslowfelt,however,thateveryoneiscapableoffeelingthisneedtosomedegree.Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)1.這些年輕的工人技術(shù)員具備我們能希望他們有的一切條件。2.我倒是沒摔壞，可是被嚇得半死。

3.他們想知道那個(gè)女孩后來怎么樣了。

4.那個(gè)地區(qū)的農(nóng)民喜歡桃柳間種。Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)5.我痛恨那些對(duì)動(dòng)物殘忍的人。6.人類即使在享受技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來的成果時(shí)，也必須維護(hù)純知識(shí)的首要地位和獨(dú)立性。此外，純知識(shí)也是實(shí)際成果的根底。如果不去客觀而無功利思想地探求〔和研究〕這種純知識(shí)，就不可能取得已有的實(shí)際成果。最初研究電的性質(zhì)的人并沒有預(yù)見到，他們僅僅出于好奇而進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)會(huì)最終導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)我們當(dāng)代生活必不可少的現(xiàn)代電工技術(shù)。Ⅵ.WritingTitle:AWorld-FamousChineseScientistTimelimit:30minutesWordlimit:120～150wordsⅠ.SupplementaryReadingⅡ.QuestionsSupplementaryReadingSupplementaryReading[1]AsfarastheprofessionalstaffoftheETH(theSwissFederalPolytechnicSchool)wasconcerned,AlbertEinsteinwasoneoftheawkwardscholarswhomightormightnotgraduate,butwhoineithercasewasagreatdealoftrouble.Andinaccordancewiththeiropinions,whenEinsteindidgraduateafterfouryears,ETHdidnotofferhimapositionaswasthecustomofthetime.Forthedifficultfellow,noopeningontheacademicladdercouldbefound.SupplementaryReadingYetitcannothavebeenentirelyunexpectedanditwascertainlynotunnatural.Intheautumnof1900AlbertEinsteinwasagraduatewhodeniedratherthandefiedauthority;ayoungmanwhowaswrittenoffasvirtuallyunemployablebymanyself-respectingcitizens.ItwastobetwoyearslaterbeforeEinsteinwasabletoobtainhisfirstregularalbeitnonacademicposition.EvensoEinstein'spositionwiththeSwissPatentOfficewasobtainedthroughtheinterventionoffriendsonhisbehalf.SupplementaryReading[2]TheworkofthePatentOfficeattheturnofthecenturywasstrikinglydifferentfromwhatitlaterbecame.Thedifferenceisillustratedbyonefact:until1908patentsweregrantedonlyforinventionswhichcouldberepresentedbyamodel.Themodelmayhavebeenasimportantasthespecificationwhichdescribed,inwordswhichideallyshouldallowofnodispute,thedutieswhichthedevicewasintendedtoperform.SupplementaryReadingTheseinventions,ideas,andproposalswhichweredirectedtotheofficeconsistedlargelyofsuggestionsforpractical,utilitarian,basicallysimple,andoftenhomelyapplicationsoftechnologytothemundaneaffairsofeverydaylife.Atfirstglance,allthisappearstobesingularlyunrelatedtoEinstein'sspecialgenius.SupplementaryReadingYetdespitetheapparentlyesotericqualityofthetheoriesonwhichhisfamewasfounded,thesetheoriessprang,ashewasnevertiredofstressing,fromobservationoffactsandfromdeductionswhichwouldaccountforthesefacts.Thisdemandedanintuitivediscernmentofessentials,anditwasjustthiswhichwassharpenedduringhisdaysatthePatentOffice.SupplementaryReadingFortheworkfrequentlyinvolvedrewritinginventors'vagueapplicationstogivethemlegalprotection;thisinturnrequiredanabilitytosee,amongsometimestortuousdescriptions,thebasicideaorideasonwhichanapplicationrested.Thedemandwasnotsomuchfortheroutineapplicationofaroutinemindtoroutinedocuments,asforperceptiveintuition.EinsteinhimselfwasinnodoubtofwhathelearnedatthePatentOffice.SupplementaryReading"Moreseverethanmyfather",washowhedescribedthedirector."Hetaughtmetoexpressmyselfcorrectly."[3]Buttherewasmoretoitthanthat.Einsteinhimselfsubsequentlymadetwocommentsonhisworkattheoffice.Whenhetookuptheposthewrotetoafriendthatitwouldgivehim"besideseighthoursofwork...eighthoursofidlenesspluswholeSunday"SupplementaryReadingAndhalfacenturylater,onhisseventiethbirthdayhecommentedthattheposthadbeenablessing."Itgaveme",hesaid,"theopportunitytothinkaboutphysics.Moreover,apracticalprofessionisasalvationforamanofmytype;anacademiccareercompelsayoungmantoscientificproduction,andonlystrongcharacterscanresistthetemptationofsuperficialanalysis."Thepostwasanundemandingoccupationwhichreleasedhismindforcreativeworkatadifferentlevel.Questions1.TheprofessionalstaffatETH______.wasquicktorecognizeEinstein’sgeniuswhilerecognizingEinstein’sgenius,thoughthewasadifficultpersonwasnaturallyreluctanttoemploysomeoneastroublesomeasEinsteinrefusedtoofferEinsteinapositionbecausetheydidn’tconsiderhimtobeintelligentCompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.Questions2.EinsteinobtainedemploymentattheSwissPatentOffice______.A.becausehedidn’twantanacademicpositionB.eventhoughhepreferredanonacademicpositionC.sincehewantedaregularpositionD.afterfriendshelpedhimobtainthepositionCompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.Questions3.ThemundaneworkatthePatentOfficeandEinstein’sspecialgeniusintheoreticalphysicswere______.A.singularlyunrelatedB.nottotallyunrelatedC.strikinglydifferentD.demandingandthereforestressfulCompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.Questions4.Thepractical,utilitarian,andbasicallysimplytechnologicalapplications______.werecharacteristicofthemundaneaffairsofeverydaylifewerecharacteristicoftheinventionsandproposalsfoundatthePatentOfficehadanesotericqualitytothemwerethebasisfromwhichEinstein’sesoterictheoriessprangCompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.Questions5.AccordingtoEinsteinapracticalprofession_____.becauseitisundemanding,allowsforundisturbedintellectualpursuitsisablessingfortheidlecompelspeopletointellectualcreativityandscientificproductioncanbeputtogoodpurposesbystrongcharactersCompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternative(A,B,CorD)undereach.放映到此結(jié)束。后面為語言點(diǎn)分析、難句分析以及答案。PartSummary[1~4]ThenewlydisclosedcorrespondencebetweenAlbertEinsteinandhisfirstwifeMaricrevealstheiranguishedloveaffair,theirexcitementovertheimpendingbirthoftheirchildandtheirloveforscience.PartSummary[5~11]ThedisclosedlettersrevealEinstein'seffortstoparticipateintherevolutiontakingplaceinmanyfieldsofphysicsandalsohismother'sdisdainforMaric.PartSummary[12~19]Discussionsofscientificquestionssuchasrelativemotion,absoluterestandinfinitywithwhichEinsteinandMaricwerebothconcerneddominatetheircorrespondence.PartSummary[20~21]Discussionsofscientificquestionssuchasrelativemotion,absoluterestandinfinitywithwhichEinsteinandMaricwerebothconcerneddominatetheircorrespondence.PartSummary[22~26]Theirexcitementovertheimpendingbirthoftheirchildisdescribedintheselettersandthementionofscarletfeveristhelastreferencetothechildinthecorrespondence.TextSummaryThenewlydisclosedcorrespondencebetweenAlbertEinsteinandhisfirstwifeMaricisofgreatimportancetohistoriansofscience.Theselettersrevealtheiranguishedloveaffair,informationabouttheirlittlegirl,andlastbutnotleast,theirpassionforscience.全文翻譯愛因斯坦痛苦的羅曼史沃爾特·沙利文

全文翻譯[1]新近披露的艾伯特·愛因斯坦與意中人(此人后來成為他的元配)之間的來往信件，向人們展示了這對(duì)情侶飽含辛酸的愛情經(jīng)歷。全文翻譯[2]有許多信件都表達(dá)了這位年輕科學(xué)家和他未婚妻米萊娃·瑪麗克之間的愛情，表達(dá)了因?yàn)閻垡蛩固沟哪赣H拼命反對(duì)這門親事而引起他倆的痛苦心情，還0表達(dá)了他倆為孩子的即將出世油然而生的興奮心情。全文翻譯[3]然而，這個(gè)女孩后來的命運(yùn)如何依然是個(gè)謎。她是在這對(duì)夫婦于1903年結(jié)婚前生下的，而且對(duì)她后來的情況顯然沒有記載。[4]與所披露的艱難的羅曼史交織在一起的是愛因斯坦?jié)M懷信心地為自己的相對(duì)論概念而努力奮斗的思想片斷。全文翻譯[5]愛因斯坦與瑪麗克(她出生在當(dāng)時(shí)匈牙利的塞爾維亞地區(qū)，現(xiàn)為南斯拉夫的一局部。)是在1896年交上朋友的。當(dāng)時(shí)他倆正一起在蘇黎世的聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)，在后來的許多歲月中，因愛因斯坦為找工作奔波，瑪麗克為回家探親而造成屢次別離，所以他們通信頻繁。全文翻譯[6]愛因斯坦在信中向瑪麗克吐露，自己在投身于許多物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域(其中包括光的特性、相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)和分子現(xiàn)象)內(nèi)發(fā)生的革命。全文翻譯[7]據(jù)波士頓大學(xué)物理學(xué)教授、愛因斯坦論文集的編輯約翰·施塔赫爾博士說，看起來，與其說瑪麗克是愛因斯坦思想的奉獻(xiàn)者，不如說是愛因斯坦思想的“共鳴者〞。[8]1899年愛因斯坦20歲。在給瑪麗克的一封信中，他提前談?wù)摿俗约?年后發(fā)表的早期相對(duì)論思想。當(dāng)時(shí)許多物理學(xué)家仍然認(rèn)為空間充滿著一種能使光波傳播的不可見的介質(zhì)。他們將這種介質(zhì)稱之為“傳光的以太〞。全文翻譯[9]愛因斯坦的信還透露了他家里的人對(duì)瑪麗克的鄙視態(tài)度。1900年7月，他事先得到姐姐的警告說，父母竭力反對(duì)他與瑪麗克結(jié)婚。當(dāng)他把自己的打算告訴母親后，“媽媽一下子撲倒在床上，把頭埋在枕頭下，哭得像孩子似的〞，他在給瑪麗克的信中寫道。全文翻譯[10]愛因斯坦繼續(xù)寫道，“當(dāng)她從開頭的打擊中恢復(fù)過來后，便立即轉(zhuǎn)換方式，發(fā)起猛烈攻勢(shì)。〞他還援引母親的話說，“你是在毀掉自己的前途，你是在阻塞自己的人生道路。〞全文翻譯[11]雖然愛因斯坦的家人瞧不起瑪麗克的出身，另外一個(gè)原因也是因?yàn)檫@對(duì)未婚夫婦的微薄收入。就像愛因斯坦在給一個(gè)朋友的信中所寫的那樣，“我們倆都還未找到工作。我們只靠給私人上課為生(如果我們能找到一些這樣時(shí)機(jī)的話)，但這還是很成問題的。〞全文翻譯[12]在愛因斯坦的那些情意繾綣的信中也摻帶著對(duì)他們雙方都關(guān)心的科學(xué)問題的討論。全文翻譯[13]在游覽瑞士的阿勞城時(shí)，“我心中產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)好主意，〞他寫道，“即關(guān)于研究一個(gè)物體與傳光以太的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)如何影響光在透明物體中的傳播速度的方法。在這個(gè)問題上我頭腦里還產(chǎn)生了一種似乎十分有可能成立的理論。〞全文翻譯[14]他還在思考著“絕對(duì)靜止的定義〞，一種導(dǎo)致他產(chǎn)生最初相對(duì)論的悖論。這種理論排除了絕對(duì)靜止的可能性。因?yàn)橐磺形矬w對(duì)于其他有關(guān)物體來說都被看作是處在運(yùn)動(dòng)之中的。他還對(duì)移動(dòng)物體的電動(dòng)力學(xué)冥思苦想，他說，“這有希望成為一篇優(yōu)秀論文。〞全文翻譯[15]“我曾寫信給你，談到過我對(duì)相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)想法的正確性有疑心，〞他寫道?！暗业囊尚闹皇腔诤?jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)上的錯(cuò)誤?，F(xiàn)在我比以前更深信無疑了。〞[16]斯塔赫爾先生在5月號(hào)的《今日物理》上撰文說，這篇文章“意味著愛因斯坦已經(jīng)采用了某種形式的相對(duì)論原理〞，盡管還不是最終形式。全文翻譯[17]雖然瑪麗克被歷史學(xué)家描寫成一位缺乏想象力的女子，這些信卻說明，她對(duì)無限性很感興趣。[18]“我認(rèn)為，人們不能了解無限性，不應(yīng)歸咎于人腦的結(jié)構(gòu)，〞1897年她給當(dāng)時(shí)18歲的愛因斯坦的信中寫道。全文翻譯[19]她接下去寫道：“倘假設(shè)一個(gè)人在年輕時(shí)期，在學(xué)習(xí)掌握新概念時(shí)，不被無情地局限于地球，或者甚至局限于四面圍墻的斗室之中，而是被允許走出去涉足一下宇宙的話，他當(dāng)然是能夠做到這一點(diǎn)的。〞全文翻譯[20]科學(xué)史家們，諸如哈佛大學(xué)的熱拉爾·霍爾頓認(rèn)為，愛因斯坦“涉足宇宙〞的能力和用純抽象方式思維的能力對(duì)他的各項(xiàng)具有革命性的發(fā)現(xiàn)是必不可少的。特別引人注目的是，霍爾頓先生在一次會(huì)見中說，盡管他們各自都有困難，但他們?cè)谕ㄐ胖袑?duì)物理學(xué)的興趣竟然占著最重要的位置。全文翻譯[21]他又說：“對(duì)科學(xué)史學(xué)工作者來說，最重要的是〞，在愛因斯坦的一生中這樣早的時(shí)候就有跡象說明，他“就已經(jīng)在深刻地思考著光的特性、相對(duì)論和分子運(yùn)動(dòng)的問題了〞。他說，“這一思想〞都表達(dá)在一系列引人注目的論文之中〞，并從1905年起陸續(xù)發(fā)表。全文翻譯[22]盡管瑪麗克與愛因斯坦屢次長(zhǎng)期別離，但他倆有時(shí)也設(shè)法團(tuán)聚，去瑞士的崇山峻嶺觀光，作徒步旅行。1901年5月在一次短途旅行時(shí)，瑪麗克得知自己懷孕了。全文翻譯[23]然而，愛因斯坦提到此事的第一封信是以談?wù)撘黄P(guān)于用紫外線產(chǎn)生陰級(jí)射線的論文開頭的。該信接著才寫道：“你要快樂喜歡才是，可別憂愁煩惱。畢竟我不會(huì)離開你，而且我一定會(huì)把一切圓滿了結(jié)。〞全文翻譯[24]當(dāng)他在后來的幾封信中再談到這個(gè)孩子的情況時(shí)，仿佛孩子已經(jīng)生下了。他問道，“小家伙好嗎?〞全文翻譯[25]瑪麗克希望生個(gè)女孩，所以他們?cè)诤⒆游闯錾鷷r(shí)便叫她“莉塞爾〞(莉絲的昵稱)。當(dāng)愛因斯坦得知在伯爾尼找到工作的消息后，他寫信給瑪麗克說，“我快樂死了。唯一得解決的事情就是怎樣使莉塞爾和我們?cè)谝黄稹Ｎ也幌胧刮覀儾坏貌浑x開她。〞全文翻譯[26]盡管遭到母親的反對(duì)，愛因斯坦還是于1903年元月在伯爾尼與瑪麗克結(jié)為伉儷。根據(jù)愛因斯坦文集下一卷上發(fā)表的一封信，愛因斯坦夫婦后來得知，女兒的猩紅熱已經(jīng)痊愈?？磥磉@孩子還是住在她母親的故土了。在通信中有關(guān)這女孩的最后情況只是提到了猩紅熱。BackgroundKnowledgeWalterSullivan(1918–1996),scienceeditorfortheNewYorkTimes,isrecognizedforcommunicatingaccurateandmeaningfulnaturalscienceideastosociety.Mr.SullivanjoinedtheTimesin1940,immediatelyfollowinghisgraduationfromYale.Hiscareerspansthegamutfromcopyboytoforeignbureauchieftoscienceeditor-withassignmentsallovertheworld.HistitleonthepossibilityofintelligentlifeelsewhereintheUniverse,WeAreNotAlone,wonhiminternationalfamefornonfiction.HisotherBackgroundKnowledgeworksincludeQuestforaContinent(ontheAntarctic),AssaultontheUnknown(ontheInternationalGeophysicalYear),andtwobooksforchildren,WhiteLandofAdventureandPolarRegions.BackgroundKnowledgeAlbertEinsteinwasbornatUlm,inW¨rttemberg,Germany,onMarch14,1879.SixweekslaterthefamilymovedtoMunichandhebeganhisschoolingthereattheLuitpoldGymnasium.Later,theymovedtoItalyandAlbertcontinuedhiseducationatAarau,Switzerlandandin189