作文最后沖刺

IVYSHEN一、文章開頭句型1-1對(duì)立法:先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,適用于有爭議性的主題.

例如(e.g)：

[1].Whenaskedabout.....,thevast/overwhelmingmajorityofpeoplesaythat.......ButIthink/viewabitdifferently.

[2].Whenitcomesto....,somepeoplebelievethat.......Othersargue/claimthattheopposite/reverseistrue.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments/statements,but(Itendtotheprofer/latter...)

[3].Now,itiscommonly/generally/widelybelieved/held/acknowledgedthat....Theyclaim/believe/arguethat...ButIwonder/doubtwhether.....1-2現(xiàn)象法引出要剖析的現(xiàn)象或者問題,然后評(píng)論.

e.g

[1].Recentlytheriseinproblemof/(phenomenonof)...hascause/arousedpublic/popular/wide/worldwideconcern.

[2].Recentlytheissueoftheproblemof/thephenomenonof...hasbeenbroughtintofocus.(hasbeenbraughttopublicattention)

[3].Inflation/Corruption/Socialinequality...isyetanotherofthenewandbittertruthwehavetolearntofacenow/constantly.

1-3觀點(diǎn)法----開門見山,直接了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鲎约簩?duì)要討論的問題的看法.

e.g:

[1].Neverhistoryhasthechangeof..beenasevidentas...Nowhereintheworld/Chinahastheissue/ideaof..beenmorevisible/popularthan...

[2].Nowpeopleingrowing/significantnumbersarebeginning/comingtorealize/accept/(beaware)that...

[3].Nowthereisagrowingawareness/recognitionofthenecessityto......Nowpeoplebecomeincreasinglyaware/consciousoftheimportanceof......

[4].Perhapsitistimetohaveafreshlookattheattitude/ideathat.......

1-4引用法-----先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法,來引出文章要展開論述的觀點(diǎn)!

e.g:

[1]."Knowledgeispower."suchistheremarkmadebyBacon.Thisremarkhasbeensharedbymoreandmorepeople.

"Educationisnotcompletewithgraduation."SuchistheopinionofagreatAmericanphilosopher.Nowmoreandmorepeoplesharehisopinion.

[2]."........."Howoftenwehearsuchstatements/wordsliketheses/this.Inourowndaysweareusedtohearingsuchtraditionalcomplainsasthis"......".

1-5比較法------通過對(duì)過去,現(xiàn)在兩種不同的傾向,觀點(diǎn)的比較,引出文章要討論的觀點(diǎn).

e.g:

[1].Foryears,...hadbeenviewedas...Butpeoplearetakingafreshlooknow.Withthegrowing...,people........

[2].Peopleusedtothinkthat...(Inthepast,....)Butpeoplenowsharethisnew.

1-6故事法----先講一個(gè)較短的故事來引發(fā)讀者的興趣,引出文章的主題.

e.g:

[1].Oncein(anewspaper),Ireadof/learnt....Thephenomenonof...hasarousedpublicconcern.

[2].Ihaveafriendwho...Shouldhe....?Suchadilemmaweareoftenconfrontwithinourdailylife.

[3].Onceuponatime,therelivedamanwho...Thisstorymaybe(unbelievable),butitstillhasarealisticsignificancenow.

1-7問題法-----先用討論或解答的設(shè)問,引出自己觀點(diǎn),適用于有爭議性的話題.

e.g:

Should/What......?Optionsof...varygreatly,some...,others...Butinmyopinion,.......

二、

文章中間主體內(nèi)容句型

<一>原因結(jié)果分析

2-1-1.基本原因---分析某事物時(shí),用此句型說明其基本的或者多方面的原因.

e.g:

[1].Why...?Foronething..Foranother...

[2].Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.Foronething...Foranother......Stillanother...

[3].Anumberoffactors,bothphysicalandpsychologicalaffect..../bothindividualandsocialcontributeto....2-1-2另一原因-------->在分析了基本原因之后,再補(bǔ)充一個(gè)次要的或者更重要時(shí)用!

e.g:

[1].Anotherimportantfactoris....

[2]....isalsoresponsibleforthechange/problem.

[3].Certainly,the...isnotthesolereasonfor.....

2-1-3后果影響---------分析某事物可能造成的后果或者帶來的影響.

e.g:

[1].Itwillproduceaprofound/far-reachingeffect/impacton....

[2].Ininvolvessomeseriousconsequencefor........

<二>比較對(duì)照句型

2-2-1.兩者比較--->比較兩事物,要說出其一超過另一個(gè),或肯定一事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn),也肯定其缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候用!

e.g:

[1].TheadvantagesgainedfromAaremuchgreaterthantheadvantageswegainfromB.

[2].Indeed,AcarriesmuchweightwhencomparedwithB.

[3].Thereisnodoubtthatithasitsnegativeeffectsaswellaspositiveeffects.

2-2-2.兩者相同/相似------>比較兩事物共同都有或者共同都沒有的特點(diǎn)時(shí)用!

e.g:

[1].AandBhaveseveralthingsincommon.Theyaresimilarinthat.....

[2].AbearssomestrikingresemblancestoB.三、文章結(jié)尾形式

3-1結(jié)論性---------通過對(duì)文章前面的討論,引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點(diǎn).

e.g:

[1].Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat.....

[2].Insummary/Inaword,itismorevaluable.......

3-2后果性------揭示所討論的問題若不解決,將產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重后果.

e.g:

[1].Wemustcallforanimmediatemethod,becausethecurrentphenomenonof...,ifallowedtoproceed,willsurelyleadtotheheavycostof.......

[2].Obviously,ifweignore/areblindtotheproblem,thereiseverychancethat..willbeputindanger.

3-3號(hào)召性--------呼吁讀者行動(dòng)起來,采取行動(dòng)或提請(qǐng)注意.

e.g:

[1].Itistimethatweurgedanimmediateendtotheundesirabletendencyof......

[2].Itisessentialthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentocorrectthetendency.

3-4建議性--------對(duì)所討論的問題提出建議性的意見,包括建議和具體的解決問題的方法.

e.g:

[1].Whileitcannotbesolvedimmediately,stillthereareways.Themostpopularis....Anothermethodis...Stillanotheroneis.....

[2].Awareness/Recognitionoftheproblemisthefirststeptowardthesituation.

3-5方向性的結(jié)尾方式----其與建議性的唯一差別就是對(duì)問題解決提出總的,大體的方向或者指明前景.

e.g:

[1].Manysolutionsarebeingofferedhere,allofthemmakesomesense,butnoneisadequateenough.Theproblemshouldberecognizedinawideway.

[2].Thereisnoquickmethodtotheissueof..,but..mightbehelpful/beneficial.

[3].Thegreatchallengetodayis......Thereismuchdifficulty,but........

3--6意義性的結(jié)尾方式-------->文章結(jié)尾的時(shí)候,從更高的更新的角度指出所討論的問題的重要性以及其深遠(yuǎn)的意義!

e.g:

[1].Followingthesesuggestionsmaynotguaranteethesuccess,butthepayoffmightbeworththeeffort.Itwillnotonlybenefitbutalsobenefit.....

[2].Inanycase,whetheritispositiveornegative,onethingiscertainthatitwillundoubtedly......下面我們對(duì)一些在英語寫作中典型的病句實(shí)例逐一加以剖析.一.不一致（Disagreements）

所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等.

例1.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.(人一旦有了錢，他就能想干什么就干什么.)

剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has;同理，want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致.

改為：Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)

二.修飾語錯(cuò)位（MisplacedModifiers）

英語與漢語不同，同一個(gè)修飾語置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化.對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解.

例1.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.剖析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末.

三.句子不完整（SentenceFragments）

在口語中，交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是書面語就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后，筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)發(fā)生.

例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.

剖析：本句后半部分＂forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語，不能獨(dú)立成句.

改為：Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.

四.懸垂修飾語（DanglingModifiers）

所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清.

例如：Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.這句中＂attheageoften＂只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí)，但沒有說明”誰”十歲時(shí).按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語改明確一點(diǎn)，全句就不那么費(fèi)解了.

改為：WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.

例1.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.

剖析：句中不定式短語“todowellincollege”的邏輯主語不清楚.

改為：Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.

五.詞性誤用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)

“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等.

例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.

剖析：negative系形容詞，誤作動(dòng)詞。

改為：Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.六.指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)

指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句：

Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?

讀完上面這一句話，讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚，誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.

例1.Andwecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.

剖析：句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。

改為：Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.

七.不間斷句子(Run-onSentences)

什么叫run-onsentence?請(qǐng)看下面的例句。

例1.Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.

剖析：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“Therearemanyways.”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。

改為：Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.

或：

Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutsideworld

八.措詞毛病(TroublesinDiction)

Diction是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語的問題，囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫，教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲，拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。

例1.Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)

剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“theincreasinguse(不斷增加的使用)”應(yīng)改為“abu