PPTcoursewareforEnglishvocabularyandculture目錄TheOriginandEvolutionofEnglishVocabularyTheRelationshipbetweenEnglishVocabularyandCultureTheOriginandCulturalAnnotationofEnglishIdioms目錄CulturaldifferencesandmisunderstandingsinEnglishvocabularyLearningStrategiesandSkillsforEnglishVocabularyTheOriginandEvolutionofEnglishVocabulary01Frenchinfluence:TheNormanConquestof1066bloomalargenumberofFrenchwordsintoEnglishThesewordswereassociatedwiththeupperclassesandwererelatedtoareassuchasgovernment,law,thechurch,andpoliticalsocietyTheGermanlanguages:TheAngloSaxons,whosettledinEnglandinthe5thcenturyAD,brightwiththeirlanguage,OldEnglish,whichwasaGermanlanguageItwasinfluencedbytheRomancelanguagesoftheNormanFrenchwhorequestedEnglandin1066Latininfluence:LatinwasthelanguageoftheRomanEmpireandaftertheRomandrewfromBritaininthe5thcenturyAD,Latinwasthelanguageoflaw,governmentandeducationinEnglandLatinwordsenteredEnglishvocabularythroughlegalandecclesiasticaldocumentsTheOriginofEnglishVocabularyThisoccurredbetweenthe14thand17thcentersandresultinginchangestothepromotionofvowelsinEnglishItaffectedthewaywordswereproposedandledtothedevelopmentofnewwordstodescribenewconceptsandideasThisperiod,fromthe14thtothe17thcenters,sawarecurrenceofinterestinclassicallearningandcultureAsaresult,LatinandGreekwordswereintroducedintoEnglishvocabularytodescribenewideasandconceptsThisperiod,fromthelate18thtothemid-19thcenters,sawmajorchangesinindustry,technology,andsocietyAsaresult,newwordswerecreatedtodescribethesechangesandnewconceptsTheGreatVowelShiftTheRenaissanceTheIndustrialRevolutionTheEvolutionofEnglishVocabularyNativewordsThesearewordsthathavetheirrootsinOldEnglishandotherGermanlanguagesTheyarethebasicbuildingblocksoftheEnglishlanguageandincludewordssuchas"house,""dog,"and"tree."BorrowedwordsThesearewordsthathavebeentakenfromotherlanguagesandintegratedintoEnglishFrench,Latin,andGreekarethemainsourcesofborrowedwordsinEnglishExamplesinclude"bicycle,""banner,"and"telephone."CoinageThisisthecreationofnewwordsorphrasestodescribenewideasorconceptsItcaninvolvecombiningexistingwordsorcreatingcompletelynewonesExamplesincludeselfie,blog,andWiFiTheCompositionofEnglishVocabularyTheRelationshipbetweenEnglishVocabularyandCulture02TheculturalbackgroundofalanguagehealthinfluencesitsvocabularyForinstance,Englishhaswordsthatareuniquetoitsculturalcontext,suchas"pans,""hoover,"and"nappy."CultureofdictatesthechoiceofeuphemismsusedtodescribesensitiveortabootopicsInEnglish,wordslike"restroom"and"WC"areusedaseuphemismsfor"toilet."CulturalBackgroundEuphemismsTheInfluenceofCultureonEnglishVocabularyEnglishvocabularyreflectstherichculturalheritageoffoodanddrinkForexample,"muffin,""score,"and"crumpet"areallwordsuniquetoEnglishthatdescribecertificatetypesofbreadFoodandDrinkEnglishvocabularyisrichintermsrelatedtosportsandgames,suchas"hockey,""cricket,"and"snooker."ThesetermsareoftenusedtodescribespecificrulesortechniquesrelatedtothesportsSportsandGamesTheCulturalCharacteristicsReflectedbyEnglishVocabularyMismatchedculturalexpectationscancreatecommunicationbarriersincrossculturalcommunicationForinstance,usingthewrongmeetingorcompositioncanleadtomisunderstandingsoroffersCommunicationBarriersLearningtheappropriatevocabularytouseindifferentculturalcontextsiscrucialforeffectivecrossculturalcommunicationThisincludesunderstandingtheappropriatewaystoaddresspeople,thecorrectuseoftitles,andthesignificanceofcertificatewordsorphrasesVocabularyLearningTheroleofEnglishvocabularyincrossculturalcommunicationTheOriginandCulturalAnnotationofEnglishIdioms03LiterarySourcesManyEnglishidolsarederivedfromfamilialliteraryworks,suchasShakespeare'splaysandtheworksofotherclassicalBritishwritersHistoricalBackgroundEnglishperiodsoforiginfromhistoricalevents,culturaltraditions,andtheuniqueexperiencesoftheBritishIslesTheSourceofEnglishIdiomsSocialculturalimplicationsEnglishidolsoftencarryrichsocialculturalimplications,reflectingtheuniqueculturalcharacteristicsandvaluesoftheBritishandotherEnglishspeakingcountriesReligiousInfluenceTheinfluenceofChristianityonEnglishcultureisreflectedinmanyperiods,suchas"thesaltoftheearth"and"thefaceofGod."TheCulturalAnnotationofEnglishIdiomsLanguageBarrierUnderstandingandcorrectlyusingEnglishIDsiscriticalincrossculturalcommunication,asmisunderstandingscanarisefromthelakeofsharedculturalreferencesCulturalAwarenessProficientuseofEnglishidolscanenhanceculturalawarenessandfacilitysmoothcommunicationwithnativeEnglishspeakersTheApplicationofEnglishIdiomsinCrossCulturalCommunicationCulturaldifferencesandmisunderstandingsinEnglishvocabulary04AnimalmethodologiesEnglishandChinesehavedifferentanimalmethodologiestodescribepeopleForexample,inEnglish,"alazyasaslug"meanssomeonewhoislazy,whileinChinese,"asstubbornasamule"isusedtodescribesomeonewhoisstubbornFoodVocabularyThevocabularyisrelatedtofoodalsoreflectsculturaldifferencesForinstance,"pancake"inEnglishisaflatcake,whileinChineseitiscalled"dancing"whichmeans"steamedbread."BodyLanguageThemeaningofsomebodylanguagestylesdifferencesindifferentculturesForexample,intheUnitedStates,noddingtheheadcommonlymeansagreement,butinsomepartsofAsia,itmeanstheproposalCulturalDifferencesinEnglishVocabularyFalseFriendsFalsefriendsarewordsthatlookorsoundsimilarbuthavedifferentmeaningsForinstance,"debt"inEnglishmeansownedmoney,while"debt"inFrenchmeans"guide."IdiomaticExpressionsIdiomaticexpressionsarewordsthatcannotbetranslatedliterallyForexample,theEnglishidol"toraincatsanddogs"meanstorainhealth,notliteracytrainingcatsanddogsSlangandColloquialismSlangandColloquialismarewordsandphrasesthatarenotconsideredstandardlanguageForinstance,theword"cool"inEnglishmeanssomethingisgoodorimpressive,butitdoesn'thavethismeaninginalllanguagesMiscellaneousandCorrectionofEnglishVocabularyHowtoavoidculturalmisunderstandingsinEnglishvocabularyUsedictionariesandotherresourcestolearnmoreaboutthemeaningsandusesofwordsindifferentculturesUseDictionariesandResourcesPayattentiontothecontextofthewordorphrasetobetterunderstanditsmeaningContextcanprovidecluesaboutthetruemeaningofwordsorphrases.ContextUnderstandingParticipateincrossculturalcommunicationtrainingtolearnmoreaboutculturaldifferencesandhowtheyaffectlanguageusageCrossculturalCommunicationTrainingLearningStrategiesandSkillsforEnglishVocabulary0501ContextLearningProviderealworldcontextsforvocabularywordstomakelearningmoremeaningfulandrelevant02SemanticMappingUsevisualrepresentationstoconnectnewvocabularywordswithexistingknowledge03ActiveRecallEncouragestudentstoactivelyrecallandusenewvocabularywordsinspeakingandwritingactivitiesLearningStrategiesforEnglishVocabularyMnem