ATheEco-compensation-relatedPlanningandPolicy Eco-compensation-relatedPlanninginXiangATheEco-compensation-relatedPlanningandPolicy Eco-compensation-relatedPlanninginXiangRiverWatershedandChang-Zhu-TanTwelfthFive-YearPlanofXiangRiverCity AnalysisofHunan’sSpatial PlanoftheMainFunction TheMasterPlanofLandUseinHunan WaterPollutionControlinXiangRiver IntegratedEnvironmentalManagementPlanofHunanXiangRiver AnalysisofThePollutionControlSchemeforHeavyMetalinXiangRiverWatershedAnalysisofthekeypoliciesrelatedtoeco- WaterUsePermitandWaterResources TheEvaluationofUrbanWaterResourcesUseEfficiencyandManagementPerformanceinXiangRiver TheEvaluationofUrbanWaterResourcesUse PerformanceEvaluationofUrbanSewage WaterandWastewaterTariffinXJ BRecommendationswiththecontextofIntegratedWatershed Implementpermitsystemforallpointsourcesofpollutiontonatural SuggestedReformofWastewaterDischarge Formulaterulesforwastewaterdischargepermit Setuptheclassificationmanagementsystemofdischargepermit ConstructthetechnicalspecificationofwastewaterdischargepermitsystemspeedilyEstablishandcultivateprofessionaltalentstoimplementthewastewaterpermit Integratethecontrolpoliciesofpointsource Establishthemechanismofevaluation,updatingwastewaterdischargepermitsystem35EstablishXiangRiverWaterQualityManagementBureauwithinHunanImprovedWaterExtractionPermitandAbstractionCharge SettingtheWaterExtraction StrengthentheAuditMechanismofWaterResourcesManagementofCentralGovernmenttoLocalGovernment ImproveImprovetheIntegratedofWatershedManagement SettingtheWaterResources BuildingCapacityofLocalWaterConservancy SetupoftheMonitoringSystemandPublic SetupProvincialSpecialFundtosubsidizeWWTP,Landfill,RuralNonpointpollutioncontrolandecological SpecialFund:toProvideSubsidiestotheUpstreamAreaforEcologicalProtection NatureoftheSpecial SetupoftheSpecial Annex XiangRiverWatershedandChang-Zhu-TanDemographicsForecastsof2015- PopulationProjectionofXiangRiverWatershedandChang-Zhu- Prefecture-levelCityPopulation Forecast Projection Data Projection Eco-compensation-AEco-compensation-relatedPlanninginXiangRiverWatershedandChang-Zhu-TanAreaTableA.1Eco-compensation-relatedPlanninginEco-compensation-AEco-compensation-relatedPlanninginXiangRiverWatershedandChang-Zhu-TanAreaTableA.1Eco-compensation-relatedPlanninginXiangRiverWatershedandChang-ZhuTanMajor1PlanofTheMainHunanProvincePublishedbyBasedon"NationalPlanofMainFunctionalDefinethemainfunctionofeachcounty(distract)andrelevantConsistofalistofreservationThisisapolicydraftedbytheaccordingtothenationalpolicy.ThelocalItisahighleveldocumentanditisexpectedtheshallenforcetheTheplandoesnotincludeanplanor2TheMasterPlanofLandUseinHunanHunan[2009]No.SetthetargetsizefordifferentlandusetypeinthecityareainHunanoflandusetypein2010and2020；TheLandUsePlanningissupportedbyrelevantnationalViolatorsofthebeprosecuted.AdministeredbyDepartmentofLandandResourcesof3CityMasterPlanofLandUse（8Specifythelanduseofeachcityandits3CityMasterPlanofLandUse（8SpecifythelanduseofeachcityanditsDescribemoreindetailoftheLanduseplanofeachcitybutdoesnotincludeaninventoryoflandareaand4SurfaceWaterIssuedbyDepartmentofSpecifythesurfacewaterstandardforalldemarcationsofDetailedriverandtarget5NationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment"12thfive"ProgramofcitiesinXiangRiverYongzhou,Loudi,Passedby4thconferenceofcongress，January2011Theoverallgoals,socialandindicatorsofgrowth,income,GDPandsoon.requirementsintheoutlinesofdifferentareasfromeachother,thusachievingnocomplete.6ManagementinXiangRiverplanningwiththedetailedlistofprojectsandbudgets.Italsolistssourcesoffunding(national,bankloansorProvidesalistprojectsandinvestmentsforrestoration,butnottotheextentoftheBankloansshouldnotbeinvestment.BankloansshouldbeTwelfthFive-YearPlanofXiangRiverCity1.Twelfth5-yearsocio-economicdevelopmentplansforprefecture-levelcitiesaredraftedandapprovedbytheGeneralAssemblyofrespectivecities.Thekeytargetsby2015ofcitiesintheXiangRiverWatershedaretabulatedbelow.TableA.212th5-year2015TargetsofCitiesTwelfthFive-YearPlanofXiangRiverCity1.Twelfth5-yearsocio-economicdevelopmentplansforprefecture-levelcitiesaredraftedandapprovedbytheGeneralAssemblyofrespectivecities.Thekeytargetsby2015ofcitiesintheXiangRiverWatershedaretabulatedbelow.TableA.212th5-year2015TargetsofCitiesinXiangRiverGDP(100Mdividedinto:national,local7MetalPollutionControlandSchemeinXiangRiverWatershedofHunanListsthemaintasksofgovernment,itsobjectives,andTheprogramschemeaspecificlistof8ofXiangRiverRiverWaterMinistryofOctober2013.waterresourceswatersupply,shipping,waterpower,protectionofwaterresources,waterprotectionandrestoration,soilandwaterthetributaries.9DevelopmentinXiangRiverandReformDefinemainfunctionalArea,protectiongoals.actionplan2.ThetableaboveshowsthatChangshaistheonlycitythathadsetatargetforeverymajorindicatorinits5yearplan.However,themostimportantandmostbasicdevelopmentindicator,i.e.population,isnotoneoftheindicatorsintheplan.Further,thereisnoelaboratedplanformeetingtheindicators,noranyadministrativedisciplinaryactionwillbetakentowardsthegovernmentstafffornotmeetinganyindicator.Overall,thisprovidesavisionandguidanceforthedevelopmentofpoliciesinthetwelfth5yearGDPpercapita(100MRMB)ofpermanent8UrbanpercapitaRuralpercapitaUrbansewagetreatmentTownsewageForestnetworkbuiltNoofsewagetreatmentplant8Urbandailywatersupplycapacityof(10000m3/day)Totalfixedassetenrolmentratio%2.ThetableaboveshowsthatChangshaistheonlycitythathadsetatargetforeverymajorindicatorinits5yearplan.However,themostimportantandmostbasicdevelopmentindicator,i.e.population,isnotoneoftheindicatorsintheplan.Further,thereisnoelaboratedplanformeetingtheindicators,noranyadministrativedisciplinaryactionwillbetakentowardsthegovernmentstafffornotmeetinganyindicator.Overall,thisprovidesavisionandguidanceforthedevelopmentofpoliciesinthetwelfth5yearGDPpercapita(100MRMB)ofpermanent8UrbanpercapitaRuralpercapitaUrbansewagetreatmentTownsewageForestnetworkbuiltNoofsewagetreatmentplant8Urbandailywatersupplycapacityof(10000m3/day)Totalfixedassetenrolmentratio%schooling(NewAnalysisofHunan’sAnalysisofHunan’sSpatial3.SpatialandlanduseplanningreviewedincludePlanoftheMainFunctionZonesofHunanProvinceandmoredetailedcity-levelMasterPlanofLandUse.ThePlanoftheMainFunctionZonesdefinesthegeneraldevelopmenttargetingeneralatcountylevel.Atwo-tierplanningsystemisadoptedunderthePlanoftheMasterZoneswhereeachmainfunctionzonecanbeateithernationallevelorprovinciallevel.ThemainnationallevelzoneissetbyNDRCandapprovedbyStateCouncil.TheprovinciallevelfunctionzoneiscreatedbyprovincialDRC.Atalowerlevel,aMasterPlanofLandUsespecifiestheareaasreserve,developmentareaandconservationareaundereachcity.Anychangeoflandusehastobeapprovedbythegovernment.A.3.1PlanoftheMainFunctionPlanofTheMainFunctionZonesofHunanProvince(“Plan”）wasissuedfortheHunanPeople’sGovernmentin2012.ThePlansetthedevelopmenttargetsoffunctionzonesinHunan,whichalsocoversalladministrativeregionsunderTheChang-Zhu-TanCluster.Thefunctionzonesaredividedintothreelevelsbasedonthelevelofdevelopmentintensity,whicharekeydevelopmentzone,restricteddevelopmentzoneandprohibiteddevelopmentzone.Eachzoneisfurtherclassifiedbyitsdevelopmentfunctions,includingurbanizationzone,keyecologicalzoneandmainareasofagriculturalproduction.Keydevelopmentzonesaredefinedasareawithhighercapabilityofenvironmentandeconomicdevelopment,aswellasbetterconditionsforpopulationagglomeration(urbanizationarea).Restricteddevelopmentzonesareregionsofagriculturalproductionandregionsofkeyecological7.Mainfunctionalzonesareclassifiedbydevelopmentcontentintothreecategories,namelyurbanizationarea,mainproducingareasofagriculturalproductsandkeyecologicalzones.Large-scaleandextensiveindustrializationandurbanizationshallberestrictedarea.Prohibiteddevelopmentzonesarekeyecologicalzonesandarelegallybindingnaturalandculturalpreservationareas.DevelopmentinthesezonesisprohibitedbytheductandUrbanizationMainAreaofToprovideproductandUrbanizationMainAreaofToprovideTableA.3HunanLandUseandDevelopmentYearYearLandDevelopmentUrbanRuralResidentialCultivatedProtectedforestBasicForestForestVolume（100MillionTableA.4HunanMainFunctionZones8.ThemainfunctionsandareaofplanningspecifiedinthisPlan.undereachcountyanddistrictis9.Ingeneral,thePlantookintoconsiderationtobalancetheneedsofurbandevelopmentandenvironmentpreservation.UnderthecurrentPlan,theforestareaaswellasitsstandingvolumeistobeincreaseddespitetheexpandingurbanspaceinHunan.AsenvironmentalimpactassessmentisnotcarriedoutduringtheplanningTableA.4HunanMainFunctionZones8.ThemainfunctionsandareaofplanningspecifiedinthisPlan.undereachcountyanddistrictis9.Ingeneral,thePlantookintoconsiderationtobalancetheneedsofurbandevelopmentandenvironmentpreservation.UnderthecurrentPlan,theforestareaaswellasitsstandingvolumeistobeincreaseddespitetheexpandingurbanspaceinHunan.Asenvironmentalimpactassessmentisnotcarriedoutduringtheplanningprocess,thereisnoquantitativeinformationregardingtheenvironmentalimpactbysettingdifferentfunctionalareas.TheplanningofmainfunctionalareasiscarriedoutbytheMinistryofLandNaturalResourcesanditssubordinatedepartmentswithsub-divisionsineachprovince.AnychangeinlanduseplanningfromprovincialleveltocitylevelhastobeapprovedtheStateCouncil.Therefore,landusebythelocalgovernmentshallalwaysmeettherequirementoftheplanningofmainfunctionalareasasstatedintheplanningdocuments.UrbanizationKeyEcologicalAreasof9%of%ofSize(netofBasic%of%of TheMasterPlanofLandUseinHunan"TheMasterPlanofLandUseinHunanProvince"isissuedbytheGovernmentofHunanProvinceasthe4thdocumentofHunangovernment(2009).“ThePlanofLandUseinXiangRiverWatershed”isapartoftheMasterPlanwithfocusontheTableA.5TheMasterPlanofLandUseinHunanUnit：10,000Categoriesof2006to2010to%%000 TheMasterPlanofLandUseinHunan"TheMasterPlanofLandUseinHunanProvince"isissuedbytheGovernmentofHunanProvinceasthe4thdocumentofHunangovernment(2009).“ThePlanofLandUseinXiangRiverWatershed”isapartoftheMasterPlanwithfocusontheTableA.5TheMasterPlanofLandUseinHunanUnit：10,000Categoriesof2006to2010to%%000---Cultivated---Garden-Forest%------2.Construction%UrbanandRuralUseandMiningRuralResidential--5.30-Conservancyuse5WaterConservancyOtherConstructionLandforSpecial3.Unutilized---TableA.6TargetsforForestAreaundertheMasterTheMasterPlanofLandUseofHunanfollowstheplanningrequirementoffunctionarea.Chang-Zhu-TaniscategorizedasthekeydevelopmentareaintheTableA.6TargetsforForestAreaundertheMasterTheMasterPlanofLandUseofHunanfollowstheplanningrequirementoffunctionarea.Chang-Zhu-TaniscategorizedasthekeydevelopmentareaintheFunctionZonePlan.AsitcanbeseenfromTableA.6,theforestareainChang-Zhu-Tanisplannedtodecreasetomakespaceforthedevelopment.ButtheMasterPlanhasalsoaccountedforincreaseforestareaintheupstreamtocompensateforthedevelopmentofChang-Zhu-Tan,whichresultsinalargerforestareaintheXJwatershedby2020.ItisnotedthelandusemasterplanhasidentifiedthecurrentissuesofwatershedandmakeclearthetargetsintheplanningindicatorstobalancetheconservationanddevelopmentItisnotedthatthelanduseplanningsofHunanhasbeenimplementedingeneral.ThereasonsThecentralgovernmentisresponsibleforthenationallanduseplanningandhastheauthoritytoapproveprovincialandprefecturalgovernmentlanduseplansinlinewiththenationalplan;TheLandUsePlanningisdirectlyadministeredbytheMinistryofLandandNaturalResources.TheMinistryhasitsownprovincialsupervisionofficeto------monitortheimplementationofitslanduseplans.Anyviolationofthelanduseplanswillbeprosecuted. MonitoringhasbeenmadeeasybythedevelopmentofsatellitemonitoringWaterPollutionControlinXiangRiver IntegratedEnvironmentalManagementPlanofHunanXiangRiverThe“Integratedmonitortheimplementationofitslanduseplans.Anyviolationofthelanduseplanswillbeprosecuted. MonitoringhasbeenmadeeasybythedevelopmentofsatellitemonitoringWaterPollutionControlinXiangRiver IntegratedEnvironmentalManagementPlanofHunanXiangRiverThe“IntegratedEnvironmentalManagementPlanofHunanXiangWatershed”releasedin2009providedtheassessmentofheavymetalpollutionofthewatershedandalsospecifiedtheenvironmentalimprovementtargetsofthewatershedupto2015.Italsospecifiedthefundingsourcesoftheenvironmentalimprovementprojects.TableA.7PopulationandUrbanizationinXiangRiverWatershedTableA.8XiangRiverWatershedGDPbyUrbanizationTableA.9AgriculturalOutputofXiangRiverTableA.10XiangRiverWatershedHeavyMetalEmissionsCottonProvinceProportionofXiangRiver2638.8548.2966.93TableA.9AgriculturalOutputofXiangRiverTableA.10XiangRiverWatershedHeavyMetalEmissionsCottonProvinceProportionofXiangRiver2638.8548.2966.93TableA.11XiangRiverWatershedWaterPollutionControlThestandardreachingrateofcentralizeddrinkingwatersourcesfirst-classreserverivermeetingLevelⅡoraboveoftheEnvironmentalQualityStandardsforSurfaceThestandardreachingrateatwatermonitoringpointscontrolledbyprovincesandcentralgovernmentinwaterenvironmentfunctionareasunder“thewaterenvironmentMainstreamTributaryKeyNumberof(‘000industrialwasteTableA.11XiangRiverWatershedWaterPollutionControlThestandardreachingrateofcentralizeddrinkingwatersourcesfirst-classreserverivermeetingLevelⅡoraboveoftheEnvironmentalQualityStandardsforSurfaceThestandardreachingrateatwatermonitoringpointscontrolledbyprovincesandcentralgovernmentinwaterenvironmentfunctionareasunder“thewaterenvironmentMainstreamTributaryKeyNumberof(‘000industrialwaste0VolumeofIndustrialWastemetalsairemissions(t)0000Industrialsolidheavymetals(‘000t)TableA.12EnvironmentalImprovementandRestorationProjectsundertheXiangRiverWatershedManagementPlanfunctionzoningofmainsurfacewatersysteminHunan(DB43-ThewaterecologicalenvironmentTableA.12EnvironmentalImprovementandRestorationProjectsundertheXiangRiverWatershedManagementPlanfunctionzoningofmainsurfacewatersysteminHunan(DB43-ThewaterecologicalenvironmentofriversectionpollutedbyheavymetalinXiangRiverwatershedhasbeenTheforestcoverageinwaterconservationforestconstructionThestandardoffloodandwaterloggingEfficientlySolidwastefromabandonedPollutedMildlypolluted-Moderatelyandseverelypolluted:ShallberestoredandTheheavymetalpollutionofthesedimentinmainandpollutioncontrolresearchshallcontinuetoprogressTherateofreuseofindustrialThecomprehensiveutilizationrateofindustrialsolidThemineralresourcesrecoveryThewaterusagepertenthousandYuan<140TheutilizationfactorofagriculturalirrigationLeakagerateofurbanwaterUrbanhouseholdwaterusageperTheutilizationrateofreclaimedwaterinurbanTableA.13SourceofFundingforEnvironmentalImprovementandRestoration%%BankSpecificTotal（100million1AdjustmentofIndustrial2TableA.13SourceofFundingforEnvironmentalImprovementandRestoration%%BankSpecificTotal（100million1AdjustmentofIndustrial2HeavyMetalTreatmentIndustrialPollutionTreatmentSewageTreatment3CityCleanSolidWasteTreatmentWasteMaterialsTreatmentTreatmentProjectsVehicleExhaustTreatment4EcologicalRehabilitation5FloodControlandElimination6Basedonaboveinformation,thegovernmentinvestmentforpollutioncontrolindustrialeffluentanddomesticwastewateraccountsformorethan75%ofthetotalinvestment,whichdoesnotcomplythepolluterpaysprinciple(PPP)andwillencourageindustrialpollutersandlocalgovernmentnottotakeactionandwaitforthefundingfromcentralandprovincialgovernment.ThepollutionBasedonaboveinformation,thegovernmentinvestmentforpollutioncontrolindustrialeffluentanddomesticwastewateraccountsformorethan75%ofthetotalinvestment,whichdoesnotcomplythepolluterpaysprinciple(PPP)andwillencourageindustrialpollutersandlocalgovernmentnottotakeactionandwaitforthefundingfromcentralandprovincialgovernment.ThepollutioncontrolsundertheXJWatershedManagementPlanareelaboratedindetail.Forinstance,thereareverylimitedmeasuresproposedformetalpollutioncontrolinXiangRiverbesidesforceclosureofheavymetalminesandsmeltingplants.Thereisalsonodetailonthesourceoffundingforimplementationaswell. AnalysisofThePollutionControlSchemeforHeavyMetalinXiangRiverAccordingtothePollutionControlSchemeforHeavyMetalinXiangWatershed,by2015,numberofcompanieswithheavymetalsemissionwillbecomparedto2008baseline.Companieswithoutdatedpollutioncontroltechnologywillbeforcedtocloseorimproved.Itisestimatedtheheavymetaleffluentwillbereducedby50%by2015.Thesourcesoffundingforremediationare13.8billionyuanfromcentralgovernment,9.7billionfromprovincialgovernment,10.5billionfromlocalgovernment16.5billionfromenterprises.Only1/3oftheremediationcostswillbepaidbytheenterprises,whichcontradictsthepolluterpaysprinciple.WaterpollutioncontrolisthemostalarmingissueinthewatershedbutthereverylimitedinformationcanbederivedfrompollutioncontrolplansandrelatedplansasthereisnolistofpollutionsourceswasprovidedtotheConsultantdespiterequestsmadetoRES,thereforetheConsultantisnotabletoprovidefurtheranalysis.Analysisofthekeypoliciesrelatedtoeco- WaterUsePermitandWaterResourcesThecollectionandmanagementofthewaterresourcesfeeisbasedonManagementRegulationsonWaterPermitsandWaterResourceFee"(StateDecreeNo.460th).Thecorresponding"MeasuresforManagementandImplementationconcerningtheWaterResourceFeeCollectioninHunanProvince"(theHunanProvincialDepartmentofFinance[2009]No.32th)suggeststhesystemofwaterresourcesfeesetting,collectionandusage.Thewaterresourcesfeecanonlybeusedforpurposesrelatedtothemanagement,conservation,protection,developmentofwaterresources:theinvestigation,evaluation,planning,allocationandrelevantstandardformulationconcerningwaterresource;thesupervisionandregulationofwaterpermitsandthedispatchofwatertheprotectionandmanagementofrivers,lakesandwatertheimprovementofmanagementinformationsystemregardingwaterresourceandtheacquisitionanddisseminationofwaterresourcetheimprovementofpolicies,regulationsandstandardsystemconcerningwaterconservationaswellasthedevelopmentandpopularizationofscientificresearch,newtechnologyandproducts;thegrantedsubsidiesandloanwiththeimprovementofpolicies,regulationsandstandardsystemconcerningwaterconservationaswellasthedevelopmentandpopularizationofscientificresearch,newtechnologyandproducts;thegrantedsubsidiesandloanwithdiscountedinterestforwater-savingdemonstrationprojectsandthepromotionandconstructionofpilotprojects;thesubsidiesforthedealingofemergencyincidentsconcerningwaterthepromotionandincentiveschemefortheconservationofwaterresource;anysensibledevelopmentofwaterresource.BasedontheinterviewwithDeputyDirectorWangfromHunanDepartmentWaterResources,waterresourcesfeecanbeleviedatprovincial,cityandcountyi.e.ifthewaterpermitisissuedbytheprovincialDepartmentofWaterResources,thefeeshallbecollectedatprovinciallevel,andcorrespondinglyatcityandcountylevel.10%ofthecollectedfeeispassedtothecentralgovernmenttreasury.Till2013,provincialdepartmentofwaterresourceshasissuedwaterpermitstoapproximately100institutions.ThetotalwaterresourcesfeecollectedreachedRMB60millionin2013,whichaccountedforabout50%ofthetotalwaterresourcesfeeintheprovince.Therearemorethan7,000waterpermitsissuedwithinHunanbyallthreelevelsofgovernment.Thewaterresourcesfeecollectedarespentin2013:includingRMB10millioninwaterqualitymonitoring(14centers);over10millionfortheimprovementofcapacity;over15millioninwatersourceprojectslikereservoirsandotherexpensestotallyapproximately25million.ThelistofspecificexpenditurewasnotmadeavailabletotheConsultant.releaseofwaterpermitcouldberequiredtoinstallthemeteringdevice.Nodevice,nowaterpermit.Itisestimatedthatapproximately30-40%waterpermitholdershaveinstalledthemeteringdevice.Becauseofthelackofspecificlist,itcannotbeestimatedthecollectionrateofwaterresourcefees.WaterusedforagriculturalirrigationwaterisexemptedfromwaterresourcesfeeasagricultureisasubsidizedbusinessinAccordingtothe"ComprehensivePlanningofXiangRiverWatershed"(Draftcomment)《湘江流域綜合規(guī)劃》（征求意見(jiàn)稿）,thetotalwatersupplyfortheandresidentialusageinXJWatershedis7,143.63peryear.Ifcalculatedinaccordancewiththerateof3cents,thereceivablewaterresourcefeebe214.3millionRMBperyear.Yettheactualamountis60millionRMB.Therebytheactualtaxrateis28%.Accordingtothenewstandard,namelytherateof0.1RMB,itshouldbelevied710millionRMBperyear.TheEvaluationofUrbanWaterResourcesUseEfficiencyWastewaterManagementPerformanceinXiangRiverTheEvaluationofUrbanWaterResourcesUseMethodologyandDataTableA.14EvaluationTimeWaterconsumedper10,000YuanofGDP,urbanwaterconsumptionperanddomesticwaterconsumptionpercapitaareselectedWaterconsumedper10,000YuanofGDP,urbanwaterconsumptionperanddomesticwaterconsumptionpercapitaareselectedastheevaluationindicatorstoassesswateruseefficiencyinthecitiesinXiangjiangWatershedDescriptionoftheWaterconsumedper10,000YuanofGDP=Totalwatersupply/GDP（10000CNY）BasedonthedefinitionofNationalBureauofStatistics,thetotalwaterreferstothetotalamountofwatersuppliedbythepublicwaterworksandownsourcesocialunitsthroughoutoneyear,includingtheeffectivewatersupplyandlossofwater,butnottheconsumptionofwaterresourcesintheruralareas.Thisindicatorrevealswateruseintensitybythelocaleconomicproduction.Urbanwaterconsumptionpercapita=Totalwatersupply/TotalurbanThisindexdescribestheallocationofwaterconsumptionpercapitainurbanDomesticwaterconsumptionpercapita=Domesticwaterconsumption/TotalDomesticwaterconsumptionreferstowaterconsumptionbyresidentspublicwelfarefacilitiesforthedailyliving,suchas,households,shops,restaurants,hotels,hospitals,barbershops,bath,laundry,swimmingpool,shops,andschoolsintheurbanAlldataisdrawnfromthe2007-2011"China'sUrbanStatistical"China'sUrbanConstructionStatisticsYearbook",and"WaterResourcesBulletin"publishedbyDepartmentofWaterResources,andEnergyEconomyEnvironmentdatabase（http//:）.ThewateruseutilizationefficiencyisbenchmarkedagainstotherChineseFirstly,wateruseefficiencyindicatorsofChinesecitieswerecomputedtodeterminewhetherthedatasetisnormallydistributed.AssumingF（X）isnormaldistribution,thentheK-Steststatistic10,000YuanofIntegratedWaterDomesticWaterS(X)asthecumulativeempiricaldistributionfunctionofthedatasample,resultofthehypothesistestcanbedeterminedbythesizeofZStatistic.ThePvalueisderivedfromtheZStatisticbasedontheKolmogorov-Smirnovtest.WhenPvalue<0.05(twotailedpvalue<0.1),statisticaltestsrefusedtoobeynormaldistributionunderthenullhypothesis,namelytheoverallsampledistributioncannotbeconsideredtoobeynormaldistribution;onthecontrary,thesampledistributionwithlargep-value>0.05indicatesweakconfidenceagainstthenullhypothesis,whichthepopulationbeingS(X)asthecumulativeempiricaldistributionfunctionofthedatasample,resultofthehypothesistestcanbedeterminedbythesizeofZStatistic.ThePvalueisderivedfromtheZStatisticbasedontheKolmogorov-Smirnovtest.WhenPvalue<0.05(twotailedpvalue<0.1),statisticaltestsrefusedtoobeynormaldistributionunderthenullhypothesis,namelytheoverallsampledistributioncannotbeconsideredtoobeynormaldistribution;onthecontrary,thesampledistributionwithlargep-value>0.05indicatesweakconfidenceagainstthenullhypothesis,whichthepopulationbeingnormaldistributioncannotberejected.BasedtheresultoftheK-Stest,thedatasetofwaterconsumedper10,000YuanofGDP,waterconsumptionpercapitaanddomesticwaterconsumptionpercapitaareconsideredasnormallydistributedasshowninTableA.15.TableA.15ThesinglesampleKolmogorov-Smirnovtestresultofeachwateruseefficiencyindexfrom2007to2011DistributionfunctionofwaterresourceutilizationThoughthepointestimatemethod,theLogarithmofwaterconsumptionperGDP（10,000CNY）,waterconsumptionpercapitaanddomesticwaterconsumptionpercapitaarecalculatedtoobtainmeanandstandarddeviationofeachdataset.TheresultsareshowninTableTableA.16Statisticalparametersoflognormaldistributionofeachcitywaterresourcesutilizationefficiencyindexfrom2007to2011ofGDP10,000YuanofUrbanwaterDomesticwaterZPZPZPBenchmarkofWaterUseThebenchmarkresultswereclassifiedinto3levels(Poor,Averageandbasedonhowmucheachindicatorisdeviatedfromthesamplemean.Asthedatasetsareconsideredasnormallydistributed,1.5standarddeviationaboveandbelowthesamplemeanareselectedasthedemarcationpoints,i.e.Citywithanindicatorof1.5standarddeviationabovethemeanisconsideredas“Good”whereascitywithanindicatorof1.5standarddeviationbelowthemeanisconsideredaspoorasshowninthetableTableA.17TheDemarcationPointsofCityWaterUseEfficiencyInthiscontext,thevaluesBenchmarkofWaterUseThebenchmarkresultswereclassifiedinto3levels(Poor,Averageandbasedonhowmucheachindicatorisdeviatedfromthesamplemean.Asthedatasetsareconsideredasnormallydistributed,1.5standarddeviationaboveandbelowthesamplemeanareselectedasthedemarcationpoints,i.e.Citywithanindicatorof1.5standarddeviationabovethemeanisconsideredas“Good”whereascitywithanindicatorof1.5standarddeviationbelowthemeanisconsideredaspoorasshowninthetableTableA.17TheDemarcationPointsofCityWaterUseEfficiencyInthiscontext,thevaluesoflowerboundariesandtheupperboundariesof“average”leveloftheindicatorsareshownTableA.18TheUpperandLowerBoundaryoftheIndicatorsin2007-ofGDPperCapitaperCapita1:13:percapitapercapitaFrom2007to2011，bothlowerandhigherboundaryFrom2007to2011，both