Unit9WhokilledBennyParet?BennyParetwasaprizefighter(職業(yè)拳擊手).1.WhowasBennyParet?Warm-upQuestions2.Pleaselistallthepossiblecausesofthedeathofaprizefighterduringaboxingmatch.hishealthhisopponenthisdoctorhislackofskillhiscoachhisassistantthefightmanagertherefereetheaudienceBackgroundInformation1.AboutthewriterThelifelongconcernsofNormanCousins—writer,editor,citizendiplomat,promoterofholistichealing,andunflaggingoptimist—werelargeindeed:worldpeace,worldgovernance,justice,humanfreedom,thehumanimpactontheenvironment,andhealthandwholeness.HisprimaryplatformNormanCousins:EditorandWriter(1915-1990)forpromotinghisviewswasaseditorofSaturdayReviewforthebetterpartoffortyyears.Thearticle“WhoKilledBennyParet?〞firstappearedinSaturdayReviewon5thMay,1962.Hewasalsotheauthorofadozenbooksandhundredsofessaysandeditorials.BackgroundInformation2.AboutBennyParetBennyParetwasaboxerborninSantaClara,CubaonMarch14,1937.KnowninboxingasBennythe“Kid〞Paret,hewonthewelterweighttitleforthefirsttimein1960,butlostitsevenmonthslaterwhenEmileGriffithknockedhimout.HediedinNewYorkCityonApril3,1962asaresultofinjuriessustainedinatelevisedtitleboutwithEmileGriffithforthewelterweightchampionship.BackgroundInformation3.AboutboxingTheruleswhichnowgovernprofessionalboxingwereissuedbytheBritishBoardofControlin1929.Fifteenroundsof3minutes’durationarefought,withaminuteintervalbetweeneach.Theboutiswonbyablowtothechin,heart,orsolarplexuswhichknocksouttheopponentfornotlessthan10second—oraboxermaywinon“points〞,whicharescoredforthenumberofblowsorTheRulesofaBoxingMatchBackgroundInformationstyleoffighting.Thewinnerofeachroundisgiven5points.Pointsarescoredforcleanhitswiththeclosedgloveofeitherhand,andforskilfuldefensivework.Eachboxerhasasecondwhosedutyistolookafterhimbetweenrounds,coolinghimwithatowel,sponginghisface,andgivinghimadvice—itisanoldboxingsayingthatagoodsecondishalfthebattle.BackgroundInformation4.Boxingtermsarenabout競技場一場比賽canvascleanhit〔拳擊臺上的〕帆布遵守規(guī)那么的一擊countout〔裁判員數(shù)到十時被擊倒運發(fā)動仍未起立〕宣告失敗dancedodge依靠步法進行躲閃而很少主動進攻躲閃feint

佯攻，虛晃fight一場拳擊比賽fightmanager拳擊運發(fā)動的經(jīng)理(boxing)glovesjab拳擊手套猛擊〔對手〕knockout由于一方被擊倒而比賽結(jié)束mouthpiece〔橡皮或塑料制的〕護齒，或稱作〔拳擊員用的〕橡皮咬口parry格擋，以手臂擋開來拳prizefight職業(yè)拳擊比賽mauler擊傷對手的拳擊運發(fā)動prizefight職業(yè)拳擊比賽BackgroundInformationprizefightpromoter拳擊承辦人referee裁判ringround拳擊臺回合(boxer’s)second〔拳擊運發(fā)動的〕助手prizefighter職業(yè)拳擊運發(fā)動slugger猛擊者weave不斷移動身體以迷惑對方或避開來拳DebateTopic:ShouldBoxingBeBanned?

Argumentsforreference:PROS:1.Boxingisaverydangeroussport.Everyyearbothamateurandprofessionalboxersdieinmatchesorafterwardsasaresultofinjuries.Banningboxingwouldmeananendtoneedlessdeaths,injuriesandbrain-damage.2.Boxingisunlikeanyothersport.Theaimofboxingistohurttheotherman.Thesportappealstotheworstandmostviolentpartsofhumannature.Suchasavagesportshouldhavenoplaceinmodernsociety.3.Manyboxersareexploited.Oftenthosearoundtheboxerdoverywellathisexpense.Thisgivesthemareasontomakethefightertakemorefights,evenifthatwouldbedangerous.4.Boxingmakesviolencelookcool.Themoneyandfameafewchampionboxersgetforhittingpeoplesendsthewrongmessagetoyoungpeople.1.Thegovernmentshouldnotbansomethingadultschoosetodounlessitclearlyaffectsotherpeople.Inboxing,itistheboxerwhotakestheriskandwhowillpaytheprice,nooneelse.Othersportsarealsodangerous,forexamplehorse-riding,skiingorparachuting—shouldwebanthosetoo?2.Allsportisabouttestingthehumanbodyandreactionagainstothers.Boxingdoesthisinthemostsimpleanddirectwaypossible.Thereisnopointtryingtodenyourhumannature—manisanaggressiveanimalandsportsprovideasafeoutletforthataggression.CONS:3.Boxingoffersawayoutofpovertyforworking-classboys.Isn’titbetterforchildrentowanttobeboxerswhentheygrowupthandrugdealersandgangsters?4.Thoseinchargeofboxingworkhavetomakesurethatit’sassafeaspossible.Bothprofessionalandamateurfightsarerununderverystrictrulestomaketherisksassmallaspossible.5.Makingboxingillegalwouldjustdriveit“underground〞.Itwouldstillgoon,becausemenwouldstillwanttofightandotherswouldstillbepreparedtopaytoseethem.Onceboxingisunderground,itcannotberegulatedandfightswillbecomemuchmoredangerous.Boxingismuchsaferwhenitislegalbutregulated.GlobalreadingScanningParas.1-2Beforeyoureadthetext,gooverthefollowingincompletesentencesfirst.Afterreadingthetext,fillintheblankswithrelevantinformation.ThewriterhadaninterviewwithMikeJacobs,whowasNumberOneintheboxingworld.prizefightpromoter________________Paras.3-5Theonlyimportantelementinsuccessfulboxingpromotingis.Peoplecomeouttosee.topleasethecrowd________________theknockout___________Paras.6-8BennyParetwaskilledin.Thedirectcauseofhisdeathwas.Para.9TheprimeresponsibilityforParet’sdeathlieswith.thering______amassivehemorrhageinthebrain___________________________thepeoplewhopaytoseeamanhurt______________________________Para.10Theblameshouldbeputon.theprevailingmoresthatregardprizefightingasaperfectlyproperenterpriseandvehicleofentertainmentScanning______________________________________________________________________________________TrueorFalseAprizefightaudienceislikelytogetcrazyabouttheboxer’sskillsofdefensiveoroffensivework.2.Themostimportantthinginsuccessfulpromotingishowtopleasethecrowd.F()T()3.Accordingtothewriter,theinvestigatorshavealreadylookedintoeverypossiblecauseoftheboxer’sdeath.4.Thewriterdoesnotthinktherefereeshouldtaketheresponsibility.5.Theboxingaudienceisaffectedbythesocialcustomsthatprizefighthelpsmakebothfortuneandfun.F()T()T()WordComprehension1.Thewordsometimeinthephrase“sometimeabout1935or1936〞means:A.nowandthenB.atsomeuncertaintimeinthepastC.formerD.sometimesB___2.Wediscussedtheonlyimportantelementinsuccessfulpromoting.Elementmeans:A.reasonB.roleC.factorD.essentialpartC___3.Thesentence“Oneisadroitatfeinting〞means:A.Oneisanexpertinboxing.B.Oneisgoodatgivingpunches.C.Oneisveryquickatlosingconsciousness.D.Oneisskilfulinpretendingtoattack.D___4.MikeJacobssaidevenly.Evenlymeans:___A.unchanginglyB.smoothlyC.calmlyD.equallyC6.Anotherquestionhadtodowiththeroleoftheexaminingdoctors.Thephraseinitalicsmeans:A.wasrelatedto(orconcerned)B.involvedC.wasaboutD.mustdealwithA___5.Thesentence“Theyarekiddingthemselves〞means:___A.Theyaredeceivingthemselves.B.Theyareplayingpracticaljokesonthemselves.C.Theyarepretendinginaplayfulmanner.D.Theyareactinglikechildren.A8.“Toproduceamassivehemorrhageinthebrain〞means:C___A.tocausebleedinginthebrainB.tobringaboutbleedinginthebrainC.tomakethebrainlosealotofbloodD.tobringoutbloodfromthebrain7.GovernorRockefellerappointedacommitteetoassesstheresponsibility.Appointedmeans:___A.choseB.setupC.electedD.fixedBdetailedreading

Wedon’thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotectiontopromoteeconomicgrowth.Article1-2.1_W_promoter1L.1promoter:n.

[C]apersonwhosejobistopromoteevents,activities,goods,etc.apromoterofpeace/sexualequality他是包括環(huán)保在內(nèi)的諸多事業(yè)的倡導(dǎo)者。Hewasapromoterofcausesincludingenvironmentalprotection.promote:vt.

1.tosupportorencouragesomethingaboxing/rockconcertpromoterArticle1-2_S_Therewas…2Paraphrasethissentence.TherewasnothinginMr.Jacobs’appearanceandmannerthatwouldattractpublicattention,butwhenhetalkedaboutprizefights,hewasnotordinaryanymore.Helookedlikeagiantwhospokeinanauthoritativeandpowerfulmanner,amannerNapoleonwouldadoptwhenheinspectedabattle.Article1-2_W_promoterv2政府致力于倡導(dǎo)公共交通的開展和使用。TheGovernmentiscommittedtopromotingthedevelopmentanduseofpublictransport.Theyoungarmyofficerispromotedtotherankofcaptain.2.(usuallypassive)tomovesomeonetoajobatahigherlevelKindnesspromotespeace.牛奶促進健康。Milkpromoteshealth.In2007theywerepromotedtotheFirstDivision.2007年，他們晉升為甲級隊。Article1-2_W_promoter3Theseproductsareaggressivelypromotedandmarketed.3.toattractpeople’sattentiontoaproductorevent,forexamplebyadvertising你有什么好方法來推銷這種產(chǎn)品嗎?Doyouhaveanyideahowtopromotethesalesofthisproduct?Abigadvertisingcampaignisbeingheldtopromoteanewkindoftoothpaste.L.2fledgling:adj.

newandlackingexperienceafledglingenterprise/republic/writer她不過是一名初出茅廬的流行歌星。Shewasjustafledglingpopstar.Thecurrenteconomicclimateisparticularlydifficultforfledglingbusinesses.Article1-2.1_W_beat1L.2beat:n.[C]aparticularnewssourcethatareporterisresponsibleforcoveringThelocalauthoritiesdecidedtoremovethereporterfromtheWhiteHousebeat.這位年青的新聞記者負(fù)責(zé)采訪社會平安消息。Thisfledglingnewspaperreporterisonthesocialsecuritybeat.2.(usuallysingular)theusualpathfollowedbysomeoneonduty(esp.apoliceman)Bobhasworkedasanofficeronthisparticularbeatfor20years.這名警察每天在規(guī)定值巡路線上巡邏。Thecopwalkshisbeatdaily.Paraphrasethissentence.IfoundIwasgivendifferentkindsofassignments,ranginginvarietyfromshipnewstosportsreporting.L.3

Ifoundmyselfonvariedassignments,allthewayfromshipnewstosportsreporting.Article1-2.1_W_allthewayL.3alltheway(from/down/across/through):itisusedtorefertotheextenttowhichanactionhasbeencompletedDidyoureallyswimallthewayacrossthechannel?鋼筆的價錢從5美元到500美元不等。Pricesofpensvaryallthewayfrom5dollarsto500dollars.HecomesallthewayfromBeijingjusttosay“happybirthday〞tohisgirlfriend.人們從附近城市一路過來觀看這場職業(yè)拳擊賽。Peoplecameallthewayfromtheneighboringcitiestowatchtheprizefight.Article1-2.1_W_blandL.6bland:adj.

lackingastrongtasteorcharacterorlackingininterestorenergyIfindchickenalittlebland.你的飲食應(yīng)該保持清淡。Youshouldkeepablanddiet.Theprincipalmadeafewblandcommentsaboutthevalueofeducation.Shehadpleasantbutratherblandfeatures.她很可愛，但長相平平。L.6colossus:n.[C](其復(fù)數(shù)形式為colossuses或者colossi)(literary)someoneorsomethingthatisverylargeorimpressive莫扎特是作曲家中的巨匠。Mozartisacolossusamongcomposers.theColossusofRhodesShehasbeendescribedasthecreativecolossusoftheliteraryworld.希臘羅德斯城的太陽神阿波羅巨型雕塑像〔世界七大奇跡之一，高150英尺以上〕AnintellectualcolossuslikeLeonardocomesalongonlyonceinageneration.WhydidthewritercompareMr.Jacobs’speakingmannertothatofNapoleon?WhenNapoleoninspectedabattle,hebecametheembodimentofpowerandauthority.WhenMr.Jacobsspokeaboutprizefights,hewasnolongermild-manneredandgentle-looking.Instead,hehadtheauthoritativetoneandcommandingvoiceofNapoleon,thefamousFrenchmilitaryleader.L.5

TherewasnothingspectacularinMr.Jacobs’mannerorappearance;butwhenhespokeaboutprizefights,hewasnolongerablandlittlemanbutacolossuswhosoundedthewayNapoleonmusthavesoundedwhenhereviewedabattle.WhydoesthewritermentionhisinterviewwithMikeJacobsinthefirstpartbeforehecommentsonthedeathofBennyParetinthesecondpart?MikeJacobswasNumberOneintheboxingworld.Asthewriter’sviewcoincideswiththatofJacobs,bycitingJacobs’words,thewritergivesgreaterweighttohisownopinionaboutParet’sdeathandmakesitmoreconvincing.L.7

YouknewyouwerelisteningtoNumberOne.Paraphrasethissentence.Youknewyouwerelisteningtothemostauthoritativepromoterintheboxingworld.Whatdoesitreferto?ItreferstowhateverMr.Jacobssaid—whichseemedtruesimplybecauseMr.Jacobs,theA-1prizefightpromoter,saidit.L.8

Hissayingsomethingmadeittrue.Whatdoesthesentencemean?Itmeans“Mr.Jacobssawnothingmysteriousinboxing〞.L.10

Sofarashewasconcerned,therewasnomysterytoit.L.11arena:n.[C]alargeareathatissurroundedbyseats,usedforsportsorentertainmentasportsarenaThebullwasledintothearena.2.aplaceorscenewhereforcescontendoreventsunfoldWomenareenteringthepoliticalarenainlargernumbers.After30yearsinthepoliticalarena,ourlocalmemberofparliamentisretiringnextyear.一個公司必須能在當(dāng)今國際舞臺中競爭。Abusinessmustbeabletocompeteintoday’sinternationalarena.Article3-5_W_adroitL.11adroit:adj.

veryskilfulandquickinthewayyouthinkormoveanadroitreaction/answer/movementofthehandJohnisadroitatflatteringothers.Thegeneralmanager’sadroithandlingofthefinancialcrisiswasveryimpressive.他很善于找借口。Heisadroitatmakingexcuses.Whatisthemeaningofthephrase“whodon’tpackdynamiteintheirfists〞?Dynamiteisapowerfulexplosive.Anexplosionofdynamitebringsaboutdamage,ruinanddeath.“Menwhodon’tpackdynamiteintheirfists〞areboxerswhoareskilfulatthesport,butwhodonotkilltheiropponents.L.12

…butwhodon’tpackdynamiteintheirfists—andyouwindupcountingyouremptyseats.L.13Whatistheimpliedmeaningof“andyouwindupcountingyouremptyseats〞?Itmeanstheendresult(ofhiringboxingartists)isthatyouhavefewspectators,becauseboxingfansarenotinterestedinwatchingboxingartists.Whatfeelingdoesthewriterwishtoarousewhenhewritesthissentence?Thewriterwantstocreateafeelingofterrorandextremedread.L.13windup:1.bringorcometoanend;concludeHewounduphisbusinessandpersonalaffairsbeforejoiningthearmy.Hewounduphisspeechwithaquotation.咱們散會吧，天不早了。Let’swindupthemeeting;it’sgettinglate.2.bringtoastateofgreattension;exciteDon’tgetsowoundup;there’snothingtogetexcitedornervousabout!演出前她很緊張。Shewasallwoundupbeforetheperformance.Whatfeelingdoestheclause“fellowswhocouldhitwiththeforceofabaseballbat〞giveyou?Abaseballbatisusuallymadeofonepieceofsolidhardwoodandabaseballisahorsehide-coveredhardball.Inplayingbaseball,thebatterhastohittheballveryhard.Whentheprizefighteriscomparedtoabatter,heissuretogivehisopponentaknockout.Byusing“fellowswhocouldhitwiththeforceofabaseballbat〞,thewritergivesusafeelingofhorroratsuchpower.L.14

…fellowswhocouldhitwiththeforceofabaseballbat.Article3-5_W_literally1L.15literally:adv.itisusedtoemphasizethatastatementisreallytruealthoughitmayseemsurprisingorexaggeratedTheOlympicGameswerewatchedbyliterallybillionsofpeople.WhenItoldhimthenewsheliterallyexploded.我確實身無分文了。Iamliterallypenniless.天底下還真有人連開水都不會燒。Therearepeopleintheworldwholiterallydonotknowhowtoboilwater.Thecoldthatwinterliterallyfrozeusstiff.2.ifyoutranslatesomethingliterally,youtranslateeachwordseparatelyinawaythatdoesnotsoundnatural諺語不可能都逐字直譯。Itisimpossibletotranslateallproverbsliterally.L.21coma:n.

astateofdeepunconsciousness,usuallycausedbyaseriousheadinjuryorbydrugs他兩個月以來一直昏迷不醒。He’sbeeninacomaforthepasttwomonths.Shewentintoadeepcomaaftertakinganoverdoseofsleepingpills.Paraphrasethissentence.Inthetwelfthroundhe…felltothefloor,didn’tstandupwhentherefereecountedthesecondsfromonetoten,andneverregainedconsciousness.L.20

Inthetwelfthroundhe…wentdown,wascountedout,andnevercameoutofthecoma.L.22aflurryof:aseriesof(thingsthathappensuddenly)大廳外面有一陣騷動。Therewasaflurryofactivityoutsidethehall.Aflurryofwindupsetthesmallboat.Thedecisionraisedaflurryofobjections.AflurryofexcitementwentamongtheaudienceasMichaelJordanarrived.Whatdoesthissentencemean?ItmeansthattheParetfightresultedinagreatdealofferventpublicinterestandseveralinvestigations.L.22

TheParetfightproducedaflurryofinvestigations.L.23assess:vt.

tojudgeordecidetheamount,value,qualityorimportanceofsomething我們想評估一下他是否適合這項工作。Wetriedtoassesshissuitabilityforthejob.Weneedtoassesswhethertheprojectisworthdoing.Ouragentwillassessthevalueofyourproperty.Article6-7_S_Onequestion…1Whatdoesthewritermeanby“allthreeprobes〞?“Probe〞isajournalistictermusedespeciallyinnewspaperstomeana“thoroughandcarefulexaminationorinvestigation〞.By“allthreeprobes〞,thewritermeansthethoroughinvestigationintothedeathofBennyParetmadebythethreeorganizations,namely,thespecialcommitteeappointedbyGovernorRockefeller,theNewYorkStateBoxingCommission,andtheDistrictAttorney’soffice.L.25

Onequestionthatwassolemnlystudiedinallthreeprobesconcernedtheactionofthereferee.Paraphrasethesentence.Inthecarefulinvestigationandthoroughandseriousexaminationbythethreeorganizations,onequestionwasfoundtobeofcommonconcern—theactionofthereferee.L.27certify:v.

todeclaresomethingistrue/correctaftersomekindoftest他證明那是他兒子的手跡。Hecertifiedthatitwashisson’shandwriting.Thedoctorcertifiedthepersoninsaneaftercarefulexamination.Signheretocertifythatthisstatementiscorrect.ThisistocertifythatMelindaRyanhassuccessfullycompletedherstudiesrequiredbythegraduateschoolandthereforegrantedthedegreeofMA.certificate:n.

anofficialdocumentorrecordwhichstatesthatthefactswrittenonitaretrueSheholdsacertificatethatsheworkedhereasatypistfrom2003to2007.Collocation:certificateofappointment委任證書marriagecertificate結(jié)婚證birthcertificate出生證明certificateofdeposit存款單certificateofmerit獎狀certificateofregistration注冊執(zhí)照L.29recuperate:v.

(formal)tobecomewellagainafteranillness;togetbackyourstrength,health,etc.她病后正在漸漸復(fù)元。Sheisrecuperatingfromillness.Shespentamonthinthecountryrecuperatingfrom/aftertheoperation.He’srecuperatingfrommajorheartsurgery.L.30lookinto:1.examine;inspect;investigateAcommitteewassetuptolookintothecompany’saccount.Mr.Andersonwaslookingintothepossibilityofbuyingahouse.警方正在調(diào)查這件事。Thepolicearelookingintothematter.政府將研究如何降低失業(yè)率。Thegovernmentwilllookintohowtoreduceunemployment.Article8_S_BennyParet…1WhydoesthewritergointoelaboratedetailstodescribethehumanbraininParagraph8?Thewriteristryingtotellus:Thebrainisthemostimportantpartofthehumanbody,soitisfoulplaytohittheprizefighterhardonthehead.2)Thebrainiswell-protectedandsosomeblowsontheheaddonotcostaprizefighterhislife.BennyParet

waskilledbecauseofamassivehemorrhageinthebrain,whichshowedhewashitextremelyviolentlyontheheadbyhisopponentjusttopleasethecrowd.L.30BennyParetwaskilledbecausethehumanfistdeliversenoughimpact,whendirectedagainstthehead,toproduceamassivehemorrhageinthebrain.Article8_S_BennyParet…23)Thehumanbrainisthemostdelicatemechanismincreation,yetitispreciselythisintricatemachinerythatisthesourceofevilthoughts.Itiswherethemostunderhandmeansandthedirtiestdealingsofdoingsomethingareworkedout.L.34exquisitely:adv.Theirhouseisexquisitely(beautifully)furnished.Thefurnishingsshowexquisitetaste.exquisite:adj.verybeautiful;delicateTheIndiansbroughtinexquisitebeadworktosell.Shepeeleditwithexquisitecare.他的品味和舉止都很高雅。Hehasexquisitetastesandmanners.L.34intricate:adj.1.verydetailedindesignorstructureintricatepatterns/designThejadecarvingisexquisitelyintricate.2.verycomplicatedanddifficulttounderstandorlearnanintricatejigsawpuzzle/problem/instrument/plotPoliceofficersuncoveredanintricatewebofdeceit.手表的機械裝置非常精密復(fù)雜，修起來很不容易。Thewatchmechanismisextremelyintricateandverydifficulttorepair.L.40inanyevent:

atallevents;whateverhappensInanyevent,itseemsthatthemeetingmightbecancelled.不管怎樣，我在做出最后決定前會打給你的。Inanyevent,I’llcallyoubeforeImakeafinaldecision.Inanyevent,youmustgetherenolaterthanfiveo’clock.L.40futile:adj.unsuccessfuloruselessAllmyattemptstocheerherupprovedfutile.It’squitefutiletryingtoreasonwithhim—hejustwon’tlisten.It’sfutiletryingtopersuadehimtochangehismind.想要說服他改變主意是辦不到的。Article9_W_liewithL.42liewith(someone):besomeone’sdutyorresponsibilityUnfortunately,thedecisiondoesn’tliewithourdepartment.有證據(jù)說明警方負(fù)有一定的責(zé)任。Thereisevidencetosuggestthatsomeblamelieswiththepolice.Itlieswithyoutoacceptorrejecttheproposal.Article9_W_booL.43boo:v.toexpressdisapprovalorstrongdisagreement,especial