basesthonsth.IbasemyhopesonthegoodnewsIheardyesterday.我把希望寄托在昨天聽到的好消息上。Thisnovelisbasedonhistoricalfacts.這個(gè)小說基于一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事。Wechoosewhatweeatbasedonnutrition.根據(jù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)選擇所吃的食品。及物表一時(shí)的動(dòng)作不及物表狀態(tài)HerpaintingshangintheNationalGallery.她的繪畫作品在國(guó)家美術(shù)館展出Thecurtainishungbymybrother.窗簾是我弟弟掛上去的。Theplantgrowsinthewild.這種植物長(zhǎng)在野外。Theserosesaregrownbymybrother.這些玫瑰是我弟弟種的。Mystomachhurtsbadly.肚子疼得厲害。Myarmwashurtinanaccident.我的胳膊在車禍中受了傷。Thisnovelsellswell.這小說很好賣。Mycamerahasbeensoldtomyfriend.我的照相機(jī)賣給朋友了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意對(duì)must問句的回答:--MustIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thavetowouldIwouldliketo…=I’dliketoIwouldrather…=I’dratherWouldyouplease…need12

考試中主要測(cè)試need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形，通常用在疑問句和否定句中，表示詢問是否有“必要”，其否定形式為needn’t，表示“不必”；疑問形式為Need…do?極少用于肯定句。某些特殊的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法need“需要”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞多用在否定式或疑問句中.

NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow?我需要明天參加會(huì)議嗎?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.這一周你不必交論文。但need還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，這時(shí)need就象其他動(dòng)詞一樣，有時(shí)態(tài)變化，第三人稱，后面加帶to的動(dòng)詞等特性。

DoIneedtogoatonce?Youdon’tneedtocomeback.Sheneedsanecklace.dare

考試中主要測(cè)試dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。dare“敢”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用在否定或疑問句中。Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinpublic.小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。Dareyoucatchthelittlecat?你敢抓小貓嗎?dare除用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，用法同實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，要考慮人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)等。Doyoudaretowalkinthedark?你敢黑夜走路嗎？Hedoesn’tdaretotelltheteacherwhathappenedthatday.他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。Cf:Idaresay…Will/would表示“意志”，“意愿”“Whydidn’tyougoswimmingyesterday?“Well,Ididn’twanttogoalone,andnoone_________withme.Will作為助動(dòng)詞，表示“將”Weshall/willhavetohurryifwewanttocatchthetrain.wouldgo反意疑問句反意疑問句的疑問部分從情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的不定式.Hemustbeill,isn’the?Theycan’tknowthenews,dothey?ShemusthavebeentoBeijingbefore,hasn’tshe?(相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))Shemusthavebeenherethatday,wasn’tshe?(相當(dāng)于過去時(shí))Hemusthavefailedtheexaminmathsyesterday,didn’the?Helookssad.Hemusthavefailedthetest,hasn’the?反意疑問句Compare:Wemustbehereontime,_______we?我們必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)到，是嗎？Hemustbeill,_______he?他一定是病了，是嗎？Let’s…,shallwe?我們…，好嗎？Shallwe/I...？提出建議，征詢對(duì)方意見。mustn’tisn’tmustmay/mightcanMust和may用在肯定句中Can用在否定句和疑問句中“Thatmustbeamistake.”“No,it______beamistake.”

can’t一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞完成式

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞完成式即“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+done表示對(duì)過去行為或動(dòng)作進(jìn)行推測(cè)、評(píng)論或判斷。1.musthavedone

musthavedone表示推測(cè)過去某事很可能發(fā)生了，“一定”。其否定形式為：can’t/couldn’thavedone,表示過去不可能發(fā)生某事。例如：1）Sincetheditch(溝)isfullofwater,itmusthaverainedlastnight.2)Hemusthavegonehome.3）Youcan’thavemetmygrandmother.Shediedbeforeyouwereborn.2.may/mighthavedone

may/mighthavev-ed表示推測(cè)過去某事“也許”發(fā)生了.注：可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：A:“IwonderhowTomknewaboutyourpast.”B:“Hemust/may/mighthaveheardofitfromMary.”couldhavedone在肯定句型中,往往用作委婉的批評(píng).本可以做什么,而沒做;有時(shí)也用作猜測(cè).Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.Tomcouldhavetakenthedictionary.3shouldhavedone和shouldn’thavedone

shouldhavedone和shouldn’thavedone用于對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況表示“不滿”,“遺憾”分別譯為“本應(yīng)該…”和“本不應(yīng)該…”。例如：1）Ishouldhavelistentoyou.2)Youshouldn’thavequarrelledwithhimyesterday.oughttohavedone/oughtnottohavedone4.needn’thavedone

needn’thavedone表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要，意為“本沒必要…”。例如：Youneedn’thavewakenmeup;Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.Thelightinhisroomisstillon,sohe_____tobed.

A.mustn’thavegone B.musthavegone

C.shouldn’thavegone

D.can’thavegone析：選D。由于他房間里的燈還亮著推測(cè)，他不可能已經(jīng)上床睡覺了，應(yīng)填can’thavegone。Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou,you_____homewithoutaword.(NMET2001) A.mustn’tleave B.shouldn’thaveleft C.couldn’thaveleft D.needn’tleaveBTomoughtnotto_____meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharmAhavetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold

AWe______ataxithere,foritwasnotveryfar.A.mustn’ttakeB.needn’thavetakenC.mustn’thavetakenD.shouldn’ttakenB----Iwonderwhyheislate.----He______theearlybus.A.mightmissB.canhavemissedC.mustmissD.mayhavemissedDmustvshavetoHemustsayitinEnglish.()HehastosayitinEnglish.(