閱讀理解（1）——2022屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)巧刷高考題型

、

Someinfluentialfigureshavelefttheirmarksintheworldofscienceandtechnology.

SundarPichaiisthecurrentCEOofGoogle.Atpresent,Googleisthemostpopularsearch

engineandisawordthathasenteredthedictionaryinitsverbform,'GooglingHe

wasnotbornwithasilverspooninhismouthandthefamilysufferedfrompoverty.But

hisstoryneverfailstoremindallthatwithdeterminationandhardwork,onecanbeat

theodds.

AlthoughSteveJobspassedonyearsago,hewas,andstillis,theperfectrolemodel

formanyentrepreneurs.HewasfiredfromthecompanyofApple,andthenhewentonto

startuptwoothersuccessfulcompanies.Later,hereturnedtoApplewherehecreatedthe

iPhone,aproductthatmanyconsidertobethemostsignificantinventionofthiscentury.

ElonMuskisthefounderofSpaceXandTesla.HeusedtobeamajorshareholderandCEO

inPayPal,butwasforcedtoleavefromhisroleasCEOduetodisagreementswiththecompany

leaders.Currently,hehassethissightsonwaystoreduceglobalwarming,including

keepingalookoutfornewsourcesofrenewableenergy,andhasanexcitingambitionto

establishahumancolonyinMars.

MarkZuckerbergisthefounderofFacebook.Manyareawareofhisenormoussuccess

inbuildingthe$350-billioncompanybutnotmanyknowthathehadtojourneythrougha

rockypathtogettowhereheistoday.Hedroppedoutofcollegeandhadtotideover

uncertaintimesbeforereachingsuccess.

1.WhatdidSteveJobsdoafterbeingfiredfromApple?

A.Hegavelecturestoyoungbusinessmen.

B.liebecameasuccessfulentrepreneuroftwootherstart-ups.

C.HestartedacompanywherehecreatediPhone.

D.Hemadethemostsignificantinventionintheworld.

2.Whoisonthefrontierofspaceexplorationtechnology?

A.SundarPichai.B.SteveJobs.C.ElonMusk.D.MarkZuckerberg.

3.Whatsimilaritydothefourfiguresshare?

A.Theywerebornintopoorfamilies.

B.Theywentthroughhardshipbeforesuccess.

C.Theycontributedalottorenewableenergy.

D.Theyquitcollegetochasetheirdreams.

二、

StanLee,co-founderoftheMarvelUniverse（漫威宇宙）andco-creatorofmanyofits

mostpopularsuperheroes,diedattheageof95.

LeewasbornStanleyMartinLieberinNewYorkin1992.Asasonofworking-class

JewishimmigrantsfromRomania,timeswerehardandhelivedwithhisfamilyinashabby

single-bedroomapartment.Aftergraduatingfromhighschoolat16,Lieberlandedajob

asanassistantatTimelyComics.Bytheearly1940s,hewasatemporaryeditorforthe

company.Itwasatthistimethathebeganusinghispenname--StanLee.In1947,twoyears

afterreturningfromservingfortheU.S.Army,Leemarriedhiswife,Joan.Thetwobegan

their70-yearmarriageandhadtwochildren.

Inthelate1950s,DCComicsbreathednewlifeintoitsclassicsuperheroand

experiencedasignificantsuccesswithitsupdatedversionoftheFlash,andlaterwith

super-teamtheJusticeLeague（正義聯(lián)盟）ofAmerica.

TocompeteagainstDCComics,Leewasgiventhetaskofcreatingtheirowngroupof

superheroes.In1961,TimelyComicschangeditsnameintoMarvelComicsafterAtlasComics,

andthatNovembersawthedebut（首次亮相）oftheFantasticFour.Lee'slaterfamousand

lastingcreationsofcomic-booksuperheroesincludedSpider-Man,theHulk,Thor,IronMan

andtheX-men.

Overthecourseofhiscareer,LeewasaniconofMarvelComics.Asawriterandeditor

and,atvariouspoints,boththepublisherandvicepresidentofMarvelComics,Leenot

onlyintroducedinterestingcharacterstotheindustry,butchangedthewaythatcomic

bookscametogether.Healsocreatedacooperativeworkflowbetweenwritersandartists,

whichbecameknownastheuMarvelMethod”.LeereceivedaNationalMedalofArtsin2008

forhisinnovationsthatrevolutionized（=completelychanged）Americancomicbooks.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutLeefromparagraph2?

A.HeservedfortheU.S.Armyfortwoyears.B.Hesufferedfroman

unfortunatemarriage.

C.Hehadatoughandstrugglingchildhood.D.Headoptedhispennameat

theageof16.

2.WhatwasthecompanycalledwhenSpider-Manwascreated?

A.TimelyComics.B.MarvelComics.C.AtlasComics.D.DCComics.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“icon”inthelastparagraph?

A.Theme.B.Character.C.Assistant.D.Symbol.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.StanLee,theGodfatherofMarvelComics.B.TheDevelopmentofMarvel

Comics.

C.StanLee,aSuperheroinComicBooks.D.ThePopularSuperheroesofMarvelComics.

三、

AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthat

thewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenatural

world.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations（i￡

徙）.

Migratorybirds（候鳥）floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.That

migratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."Theonlinesearchesfor

migratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,“

saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.

Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionsearch

records,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchrates

forinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.Seasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadin

onlinesearchingbehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.

Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworldsbiologicaldiversity.

Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesand

areasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.

Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,“1thinkthere*s

aconcernamongconservationists（自然環(huán)境保護主義者）thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththe

naturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsoin

thatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeopledinterest

closelyrelatedtochangesinnature.

RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearch

dataisusefultoconservationbiologists,〃Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecan

directourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:whichspecies

andareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemost

tohelp.z，

1.Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?

A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.

C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.

2.WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?

A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.

C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.D.Topresentresearchers?

heavyworkload.

3.HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?

A.Satisfiedwithonlineservice.B.Worriedaboutonlinesearchingbehavior.

C.Amazedatpeople,scareaboutnature.D.Sadaboutpeople，snot

gettingclosetonature.

4.WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?

A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.B.Itincreasesinterestin

bigdataapproaches.

C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.D.Itpushespeopletosolve

difficultproblems.

四、

Man'sbestfriendisalsohisoldest.Thepartnershipbetweendogsandpeoplemay

gobackasmuchas40,000yearslongpredatinganyotherdomestication（馴化）.Anditis

basednot,asisthecasewithmanysucceedingdomestications,onahumandesiretoeat

theanimalconcerned,ortoconsumesomeassociatedproductsuchasmilkoreggs,butrather

onsincerecompanionship,thoughwithalittlework-andhunting-relatedusingonthe

side.

Howthispartnershipgotgoing,though,isdebated.Inparticular,unlikeother

domestications,whichinvolvedgroupsofpeoplewhohadtakenupfarming,thedomestication

ofthewolvesthatbecamedogshappenedwhileallhumanbeingswerestillhunter-gatherers.

Thetwospecieswere,inotherwords,competitors.Yettheymanagedtobecomesoulmates.

Onepopulartheoryisthatthewolveswhichbecamedogsactedasrubbishcleaners

forgroupsofpeople,byeatingtheirwaste,possiblyincludingtheirfaeces（糞便）.That,

though,wouldbeaservicemoreusefultosettledfarmersthanmobilehunter-gatherers.

AsshewritesinScientificReports,however,MariaLahtinenoftheFinnishMuseumof

NaturalHistorythinksshemighthavetheanswerastohowwolvesandpeoplesquaredthe

competitivecirclewhilebothspecieswerestillhunters.Itwas,sheandhercolleagues

suggest,simplyamatterofremainingcalories.

Thearchaeological（考古的）evidencesuggeststhatwolvesweredomesticatedinwood

landsattheedgeoftheicesheetsofthelasticeage,sincethatiswherealmostall

Palaeolithicdogremainshavebeenfound.DrLahtinencalculatesthat,giventhelarge

sizeofhuntedanimalsinthisenvironment,andhumans'needtoeatabalanceddietwith

plentyofplantmatterinitaswellasflesh,therewouldhavebeenalotofremaining

meataroundfromkills.Whatbetterwaytousesomeofitthantofeedafewwolfcubs

（幼崽）videentertainmentandcompanionship?Andthus,shesuggests,weredogsborn.

1.Whydidourancestorsdomesticatedogs?

A.Tobalancetheirdiet.B.Tohelpthemtofarm.

C.Togetridofrubbish.D.Todevelopapartnership.

2.WhatcanbeinferredaccordingtoDrLahtinen?

A.Dogswerebornasearlyaswolves.

B.Peopleeverhuntedwolvesforfood.

C.Wolfcubswereraisedforremainingmeat.

D.Cruelenemiescouldbecomegoodfriends.

3.Whatdoesthearticlepresentusabouthowdogsweredomesticated?

A.Anewidea.B.Someevidence.

C.Apracticalway.D.Ascientificreport.

4.Inwhatcolumnofamagazinecanyoufindmorearticleslikethisone?

A.Home&Life.B.FinancefeEconomy.

C.History&Future.D.Science&Technology.

五、

Formanypeople,selfies（自拍照）havebeensopopularastobeamust.Newhairstyle?

Snapaselfie.Diningout?Selfie.They'veevenbeentakenfrombeyondEarthJsatmosphere.

AJapaneseastronaut,AkiHoshide,snappedonewhilevisitingtheInternationalSpace

Station.Inwhatmaybeoneofthecoolestselfiesofalltime,Hoshidecaughthislikeness

alongsidethesun,Earth,aroboticarm.aspacesuitandtheinkydarknessoftheuniverse.

In2013,OxfordDictionariesevencrowned“selfie“asthewordoftheyear.

Itisn'tdifficulttojudgesomeone*smoodwhenaselfieissnapped-theimages

are,bytheirverynature,mood-driven.Whetheryoucaptureyourselfwithasmileora

fiercefacialexpression,scientistsarefiguringoutwaystostudyself-portraitstaken

bysmartphonesandanalyzewhattheysayaboutyou.Selfiestudieswillallowthemto

predictnotonlythesubjectsmood,butalsothemoodofanentireregion.Ateamof

researchersledbyDr.LevManovichoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkhasbeenstudying

thousandsofInstagramself-portraitsinselectcities,includingBangkok,Berlin,Moscow,

NewYorkandSaoPaulo,toanalyzehowmoodaffectsselfieposes.Whilemanywonderedif

itwasevenpossibletodetermineanentirecity,smoodbasedonasmatteringof

self-portraits,thestudyhasdeliveredpromisingresults.Amongthemostinteresting

findings:PeopleinMoscowsmiletheleastofalltheselfiecitiesthatwereanalyzed,

whileBangkokandSaoPauloselfiesubjectslookedthehappiest.Theresearcherswereeven

abletouncoverdataongenderandagedifferences:Onthewhole,womenweremoreexpressive

thanmenintheirself-portraits,butmenolderthan30weremorelikelytopostselfies

onInstagramthanwomen.

Anotherstudy,startedbyManovichandresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,

SanDiegoandtheCityUniversityofNewYork,studied1millionselfiespostedonTwitter.

Isitpossibletojudgeaperson*smood,orevenacity'smoodfromaselfie?Theanswer,

researcherssay,isyes.Theyposit（斷定）theabilitytomeasure“happiness”of

geographicregionsusingselfiesandhopetousethemethodasanalternativetotraditional

surveys.

1.WhatdoestheexampleoftheJapaneseastronauttrytoshow?

A.Snappingselfiesisn'teasy.

B.Snappingselfiesisahightechnology.

C.Snappingselfieshasbecomeverypopular.

D.Snappingselfiesseriouslyaffectspeople*slife.

2.Whycanweeasilyjudgepeople,smoodbytheirselfies?

A.Selfiescanaffectthemood.

B.Selfiescanreflectthemood.

C.Selfiesaresupportedbytechnology.

D.Selfiesmayimprovethemood.

3.WhatisthepurposeofDr.LevManovich?sstudy?

A.Toknowwhypeopleloveselfies.

B.Toknowthenumberofselfielovers.

C.Toknowwhetherselfiespredictmoods.

D.Toknowthedisadvantagesofsnappingselfies.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Menlikeselfiesmorethanwomen.

B.PeopleinMoscowseldomsmileatothers.

C.LivinginBangkokisthehappiestintheworld.

D.Selfiesmaybeusedasawayofsurveyingacity'smood.

六、

MeetJillWatson,afirst-timeteachingassistantatGeorgiaTechassignedtohost

anonlineforum（論壇）foracomputerscienceclass.Jillwas1of9teachersassignedto

helpanswerquestionsaboutcourseworkandprojectsfromthe300studentsintheadvanced

course.

“Theworldisfullofonlineclasses,andthey'retroubledwithlowretention（保

留）rates,“saidProfessorAshokGoel,headofGeorgiaTech'sonlineprogram."Oneof

themainreasonsmanystudentsdropoutisbecausetheydon'treceiveenoughfeedback（反

tw）fromtheteachers.”

Nowatypicalclasspostsapproximately10,000messagesinagivensemester.During

thefirstfewweeksinJanuary,Jillreallystruggled.Afterall,thisisacoursewith

thegoalofbuildingAIagents.Eventhoughmanyofthesequestionswereroutine,theother

teachersmonitoredJillJsanswersuntiltheysawimprovement.Eventually,Jillgother

bearings.BytheendofMarch,shewasfreelyrespondingtostudents'questions.

However,neartheendofApril,ProfessorGoelhadtocomecleantothestudents:

JillwasinfactsoftwarepoweredbyIBMWatson.BecauseofhowwellJillperformedher

tasks,Goelplansonbringingherbacknextsemesterunderadifferentnamewiththegoal

ofaccuratelyanswering40percentofallquestionsbytheendoftheyear.

HowdidstudentsrespondtothenewsthattheyhadanAIamongthem?”Itseemed

verymuchlikeanormalconversationwithahumanbeing,andmyquestionsgotanswered

quickly,“saidstudentJenniferGavin.However,thisislikelynothowthegeneralpublic

wouldreact.Inarecentonlinesurvey,nearly80percentofparticipantsopposed

imparting（賦予）AIwithemotionsorpersonality.Additionally,60percentfeltthatAl

wouldleadtofewerjobsinadecade'stime,with27percentindicatingthatdeclinewould

besignificant.

WatsonisdemonstratinginthecaseofJillWatson,noteacherslosttheirjobs.

ButiftheAIcanhandle40percentofstudents,inquiries,willtheyreallyneed8humans

inyearsahead?

1.WhatcausesmanyonlineclassestogetlowretentionratesaccordingtoGoel?

A.Tooadvancedcourses.

B.Unqualifiedteachingassistants.

C.Alackofafter-classteachingsupport.

D.Alackofanonlineforumforstudents'discussion.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Jillgotherbearings”inparagraph3mean?

A.Jillwonthestudents,approval.

B.Jillbecameconfidentaboutherwork.

C.JillpassedthecourseofbuildingAIagents.

D.Jillreceivedassistancefromotherteachers.

3.Whatismostsurveyedparticipants,attitudetoGeorgiaTech,sWatsonprogram?

A.Optimistic.B.Defensive.C.Disapproving.D.Casual.

4.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutJillinthelastparagraph?

A.Shewillcausesomejoblosses.

B.Shewillbegivensometeachingtasks.

C.Shewillhandlefewerstudents'inquiries.

D.Shewillberidofemotionsandpersonality

七、

Wesittoomuch,andresearchersarediscoveringthatevenworkingoutinagymseveral

timesaweekwon'tnecessarilyobviateseriousproblemsifwearesittingfortherest

ofthetime.Fromweightproblemstopoorbloodglucose（葡萄糖）levels,evenearlydeaths,

themessageisclear:weneedtostopsittingforhoursatatime.Whattodo?”Movemore.”

saytheexperts.

Soweaskedthreefitnessinstructorsfortheirpreferredexercisesthatdon,t

requireequipmentandcanbedonethroughoutthedayathome,intheoffice,inahallway,

waitinginlineatagrocerystoreorwatchingTV.

uTherearealotofwaystobuildactivitiesintoaday,“saysOttawa-basedfitness

instructorChristineDery,whofocusesherclassesoncoremusclestrengthandbalance.

Sheremindsherstudentstoseekwaystomovemoreoutsideclass,suchasgettingoffthe

busoranelevatorrideafewstopsearly,ordoingcalfraises（提踵），wallsquats（墻

下蹲）andwriststretcheswhilewatchingTV.uWeneedtomakeexerciseanimportantpart

ofourday,“shesays,"it'saboutmakingyourselfapriority.”

BenGervais,apart-timepersonaltrainerandformerkungfuinstructorinOttawa,

thinksthatlittlemovesmatter."Moveslikemowingthelawn,doingworkaroundthehouse,

goingforawalkwiththekidsandplayingwiththekidscanallcountasactivitiesas

longasyougetupandmove.?Herecommendsspendingthetwo-minuteTVcommercialbreaks

doingwallsquats,push-upsandsit-ups,orsteppingupanddownonastep.

ScottPilatestrainerandinstructorMicheleCarinisaysbreathingcanbeanexercise

workingabdominal（腹部的）musclesandneckandshouldermuscles.Focusonsittingtall

anddrawingairin,sotheribcage（胸腔）expandslikeanaccordion（手風(fēng)琴）whilethe

stomachstaystense.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obviate“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Prevent.B.Damage.C.Separate.D.Preserve.

2.ChristineDerysuggestsgettingofftheelevatorearlyinorderto.

A.takeabusB.haveabreakC.climbsomestairsD.getonanotherone

3.WhatdoesBenGervaisagreewith?

A.Doinghouseworkathomeisagoodhabit.

B.Smallactivitiescanbenefityouquitealot.

C.ItisbettertowatchTVfortwominuteseveryday.

D.Youshouldgetupasearlyaspossibleinthemorning.

4.Howdoestheauthorprovehisviewpoint?

A.Bydoingsomeexperiments.

B.Bylistingsomepracticalfacts.

C.Byintroducingsomeresearchers.

D.Bystatingsomeinstructors?opinions.

八、

Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthink

aboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干擾）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,"That's

whyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.，zHis

commentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenoffice

layout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks

Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompleted

testsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedto

variousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分貝），70

decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatistically

insignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup一thoseexposedtoalevel

ofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significant1youtperformedthe

othergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinking

doesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.

Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhat

therightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactually

improveone'screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterrupt

ournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,without

makingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof^distractedfocus"appearstobethebeststate

forworkingoncreativetasks.

Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,

wecan，tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers，conversationswhilewe'retrying

tofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversations

affectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertain

levelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.

1.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?

A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.

C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.

2.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?

A.Totalsilence.B.50decibels.

C.70decibels.D.85decibels.

3.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?

A.Personalprivacyunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.

C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.Constantinterruptions.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He'sanewsreporter.B.He'sonofficemanager.

C.He'saprofessionaldesigner.I).He'sapublishedwriter.

答案以及解析

、

答案：l.B;2.C;3.B

解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“HewasfiredfromthecompanyofApple,andthenhewent

ontostartuptwoothersuccessfulcompanies.（他被蘋果公司解雇了，然后又創(chuàng)辦了另外兩

家成功的公司）”可知,在被蘋果公司解雇后,喬布斯成為另外兩家初創(chuàng)企業(yè)的成功企業(yè)家。故選B。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“ElonMuskisthefounderofSpaceXandTesla.（ElonMusk

是SpaceX和特斯拉的創(chuàng)始人）"uCurrently,hehassethissightsonwaystoreduceglobal

warming,includingkeepingalookoutfornewsourcesofrenewableenergy,andhasan

excitingambitiontoestablishahumancolonyinMars.（目前，他已將目光投向減少全球變暖

的方法,包括尋找新的可再生能源，并有一個令人興奮的雄心壯志，即在火星上建立人類殖民地）”

可知,ElonMusk是太空探索方面的先鋒。故選C。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的對SundarPichai的描述“Hewasnotbornwithasilverspoonin

hismouthandthefamilysufferedfrompoverty.Buthisstoryneverfailstoremindall

thatwithdeterminationandhardwork,onecanbeattheodds.（他不是含著銀湯匙出生的，

家里很窮。但他的故事總是提醒大家，只要有決心和努力，就可以戰(zhàn)勝困難）”，第二段的對Steve

Jobs的描述“HewasfiredfromthecompanyofApple,andthenhewentontostartuptwo

othersuccessfulcompanies.（他被蘋果公司解雇了，然后又創(chuàng)辦了另外兩家成功的公司）”，和對

ElonMusk的描述“HeusedtobeamajorshareholderandCEOinPayPal,butwasforcedto

leavefromhisroleasCEOduetodisagreementswiththecompanyleaders.（他曾是PayPal

的主要股東和首席執(zhí)行官，但由于與公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)意見分歧,他被迫辭去首席執(zhí)行官的職務(wù)）”以及第三

段對MarkZuckerberg的描述“Manyareawareofhisenormoussuccessinbuildingthe

$350-billioncompanybutnotmanyknowthathehadtojourneythrougharockypathtoget

towhereheistoday.Hedroppedoutofcollegeandhadtotideoveruncertaintimesbefore

reachingsuccess.（許多人都知道他在建立這家價值3500億美元的公司方面取得了巨大的成功，

但沒有多少人知道他必須走過一條崎嶇的道路才能達到今天的水平。他從大學(xué)退學(xué),在獲得成功之

前，他不得不度過不確定的時期）”可知,這四個人物的共同點是他們都是在經(jīng)歷了艱難困苦之后才

取得成功的。故選B。

答案：1.C;2.B;3.D;4.A

解析：1.C（解析］推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Asasonofworking-classJewishimmigrants

fromRomania,timeswerehardandhelivedwithhisfamilyinashabbysingle-bedmom

apartment...asanassistantatTimelyComics.可知，斯坦?李擁有一個艱辛的童年，故選C項。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的In1961,TimelyComicschangeditsnameintoMarvelComics

afterAtlasComic?？芍镜拿职凑諘r間順序依次為TimelyComics-.AtlasComics-.Marvel

Comics.神奇四俠于1961年首次推出，而蜘蛛俠是之后創(chuàng)作的，所以創(chuàng)作蜘蛛俠時公司的名稱應(yīng)是

漫威（MarvelComics）.故選B項。

3.詞義猜測題。最后一段介紹了斯坦?李的成就，作為漫威宇宙的創(chuàng)始人之一,斯坦?李可以算是美

漫歷史上最偉大的人物之一，沒有他可能就沒有現(xiàn)在的漫威世界.所以他可以被稱為是漫威宇宙的

標(biāo)志，由此可推知.icon憊為'標(biāo)志”，故選D項。

4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了漫威創(chuàng)始人之一斯坦?李的傳奇一生，他對美國漫畫的影

響力是令人矚目的，他生前所創(chuàng)作的經(jīng)典作品在世界上都可以稱作是頂級的文化品牌，所以他被稱

為漫威之父。godfather意為“開拓者;發(fā)起者:創(chuàng)始人“，故選A項。

三、

答案：1.D;2.B;3.C;4.A

解析：1.考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段最后一句〃Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatterns

ofseasonalanimalmigrations（遷徙）〃可知，人們對物種的搜索反映出了動物季節(jié)性遷徙的情況。

2.考查推理判斷。本段第一句話〃Andnotjustbirds〃暗示，該段要談鳥以外的其他東西，這顯然是

對上文內(nèi)容的延伸,而上文提到的是研究結(jié)果，由此可知本段是為了進一步支持上述的研究結(jié)果。

3.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpected

formetoseepeople"sinterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature〃可知，看到人們的興

趣與自然界的變化密切相關(guān),Mittermeier很興奮,也感到很意外，因此他感到驚訝（amazed）。

4.考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectour

attentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation〃可知，Richard之所以認

為搜索數(shù)據(jù)對生物保護學(xué)家很有用是因為這些數(shù)據(jù)引導(dǎo)我們關(guān)注對生物的保護。

四、

答案：1.D;2.C;3.A;4.D

解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中