專題4中考新導引復習講義介詞介詞介詞不能在句中獨立充當一個成分，而需要和一個名詞或與之相當?shù)臇|西構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中充當一個成分。和介詞構(gòu)成短語的那個部分稱為介詞賓語（若是人稱代詞，則要用賓格）。能充當介詞賓語的主要有：(1)名詞Weusuallydosportsafterclass.(2)代詞Whowillgotothezoowithhim?(3)動名詞（短語）Maryisinterestedinplayingping-pong.(4)由連接代（副）詞引起的從句或不定式短語Weshouldcreateaninterestinwhatwelearn.CouldyougiveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish?1介詞短語在句中的作用介詞短語子在句中主要用作：(1)狀語Wegetupatseveninthemorning.(2)定語Whoisthegirlinred?(3)表語Iwasathomeyesterdayafternoon.介詞的用法比較復雜，要掌握得下一番功夫。首先要了解一些主要介詞的基本意思，作為一個立腳點。其次要注意介詞和其他詞，特別是動詞、形容詞和名詞的搭配。2間接賓語前to和for的省略（1）像IgavethebooktoTom.這樣的一個句子也可表示為IgaveTomthebook。也就是說，間接賓語可以在前，并且介詞to可省略。

可以用上述這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有：bring,hand,leave,lend,offer,pass(=hand),pay,play(aninstrument),promise,read,sell,send,show,sing,take,tell,write。例如：I’llshowmypicturestoyoutomorrow.=I’llshowyousomepicturestomorrow.2間接賓語前to和for的省略(2)同樣，I’llfindajobforAnn.也可表示為I’llfindAnnajob.（間接賓語在前，省掉for）用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有：boil,book,build,buy,cook,fetch,get,keep,leave,make,order。

例如：

Mygrandmaboughtabeautifultoyforme.=Mygrandmaboughtmeabeautifultoy.(3)當直接賓語（物）是it或them時，不能用“動詞+名詞+代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。例如：TheykeptitforMary.√TheykeptMaryit.×ShesentthemtoGeorge.√ShesentGeorgethem.×3一些常用介詞的基本用法（1）表示時間的介詞

表示時間的介詞主要有at,on和in，它們的常見用法如下：atOnin鐘點atsixo’clock用餐atlunchtime節(jié)日atChristmas年齡attheageof20時間atthistime一天中的某段時間atnoon；atnight某一天的某時段onSundaymorning星期幾onWednesday日期onSeptember1.節(jié)假日onNewYear’sDay；onweekends；onvacation一天中某段時間intheevening月份inApril季節(jié)inspring年份in1949將來一段時間以后in50years其他表示時間的介詞還有before(在……以前),after(在……以后),until/till(直到),since（自從）等。3一些常用介詞的基本用法（2）表示地點的介詞at表示一個點或小地方。例如：athome,attheHouseofDumplingsin表示一個范圍或大地方。例如：inClass5,inthepark,inChinaon表示一個表面。例如：onthebeach,onthefloor,onCenterStreetabove在…...上面

under在……下面below在…..下面before在……前面infrontof在……外部的前面inthefrontof在……內(nèi)部的前面

inthemiddleof在……中間behind在…….后面atthebackof在…….后面inside在……里面outside在…….外邊between在…….之間acrossfrom在……對面near靠近;在……附近nextto在……旁邊beside在…….旁邊along沿著3一些常用介詞的基本用法（3）其它介詞①against倚；碰；撞；反對

Don’tstandagainsttheyoungtree.Therainisbeatingheavilyagainstthewall.Areyouagainsttheideaorforit?②around在….周圍；在……范圍之內(nèi)；大約Excuseme.Isthereahospitalaroundhere?Soccerisplayedaroundtheworld.Hefinishedhisworkataround8:00pm.③as作為；當……時Wehaveajobforyouasawaiter.Asaboy,heoftenwentskatinginwinter.3一些常用介詞的基本用法④at按照;以

Callmeat495-3539.Wehavesweatersataverygoodprice.⑤by被;通過某種方式；在…..旁邊，從…..旁邊；到….為止；乘ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.Wecanbecomeagoodlearnerbyreadingalot.Hepassedbymewithoutnoticingme.WehadlearnedtenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.Themangoestoworkbycar.3一些常用介詞的基本用法⑥for對于；以…….為代價；（時間持續(xù)）…….之久;由于;為了Eatingfruitisgoodforyourhealth.Wehavesocksforonlyfivedollarseach.Afterclass,Iplayvolleyballfortwohours.Thetownisfamousfororanges.WhatcanIdoforyou?⑦over在…..的上方；超過；越過……;在……期間OnedayShenNongwasboilingdrinkingwateroveranopenfire.Heisoverfifty.Thethiefjumpedoverthewallandranaway.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinaoverthepastfewyears.3一些常用介詞的基本用法⑧past過（時間）；經(jīng)過Wearrivedthereathalfpastsix.Gopastthebankandyoucanseethelibrary.⑨t(yī)hrough憑借；穿過；自始至終Hebecamestrongthroughexercise.Theboywentflyingthroughthewindow.Heworkedallthroughthenigh.⑩with與……一起；附有;用（工具）；對于Sheoftengoestowatchsoccermatcheswithherfather.Nexttothehotelisasmallhousewithaninterestinggarden.Hewrotealetterwithapencil.What’swrongwithyou?3一些常用介詞的基本用法常用的其他介詞還有：about關(guān)于；對于among在……中間，在……之中

becauseof因為besides除……以外（還有）but除…….以外 except除…….以外

from從……;自從 into到……里面；進入

like像；怎么樣 of……的；屬于…….的

on關(guān)于 over超過，多于

outof從……(出來) to向；到；對

towards朝；向；對著 without沒有；不（做某事）用at,on,in填空精練71._______themorning2._______Friday3._______Saturdaymorning4._______theevening5._______night6._______Sundaynight7._______arainynight8._______theafternoonofMay4th9._______NewYear’sDay10._______sixo’clock

11._______August,199512._______March16,201413._______199014._______theageof1515._______the1990s16._______the20

thcenturyinononinatononononatinoninatinin填上合適的介詞精練81.Canyouexplainthesentence_______(用)English?2.Thepaperisfoldedbeforeitiscut_______(用)scissors.3.Thepiecesarecarefullyshaped_______(用)handfromaveryspecialkindofclay.4.Ilikemooncakes_______(擁有)eggsinthem.5.Themuseumis_______(在)theleftofthefruitstore.6._______(在)ourwayhome,wepickedupamobilephoneandhandedittothepolice.7._________（在……期間）thesummerseason,allthehotelsarefull.inwithbywithonOnDuring填上合適的介詞精練88.Sallygoestoschool_______(乘)bike.9.Callme_______(按照10.Franksits___________(在……旁邊)Tim.11._______（作為）astudent,wemustlearnhowtobepolite.12.IhopeI’llliveinthecity_______(在……以后)50years.13Lastweekend,Iwenttothezoo_______(和)myparents.14.Wecanbecomeagoodlearner__________________(通過)readingalot.byatbesideAsinwithby/through填上合適的介詞精練815.Theboy_______(穿著)greenismyyoungerbrother.16.Let’sgo_______(進入)thatroom.17.Theprofessorwillgiveaspeech___________(關(guān)于)howtokeephealthy.18.Theyhavebeenclosefriends_______(自從)childhood.19.Wedidn’tknowanythingaboutit______________(直到)yesterday.20.Fishcan’tlive__________(沒有)water.21.Therainbegantobeatheavily__________(碰)thewindow.inintoabout/onsinceuntil/tillwithoutagainst填上合適的介詞精練822.Everystudentattendedthemeeting_____________(除……以外)Tom.Hewasill.23.Tonightthetemperatureshouldbe_______（在…….以上）freezing.24.Apolicemanisrunning_______(追)athief.25.Walk_____________(沿著)theroad,andyoucanfindthehospitalattheen