Unit3

EnvironmentalProtectionclimatechangesThereislittledoubtthat...alongwithprovideevidenceadramaticchangePara.11.氣候變化2.毫無疑問...3.和；連同4.提供證據(jù)5.一個(gè)巨大的變化1.Thereislittledoubtthat

Earthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Thereislittle/nodoubt

that...

幾乎沒有疑問的是……Thereissomedoubtwhether...是否…是有疑問的that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明doubt的具體內(nèi)容注意：doubt前有否定意義的詞修飾時(shí)，由that引導(dǎo)(否定句)；doubt前有肯定意義的詞修飾時(shí)，whether或if引導(dǎo)（肯定句）。aboutthatwhether/ifalongwith…意為“連同；以及；和…一起”。連接前后兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和前面的那個(gè)主語保持一致。例：1.Shecametodinneralongwithherfriends.2.Jim,alongwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.。

就前一致的詞有哪些？with;togetherwith;alongwith;aswellas;besides;apartfrom;except...beshockedbyappeartodo=seemtodothealarmingcasehaveanimpact/effect/influenceon…1.被...震驚2.似乎3.令人驚恐的案例4.對...產(chǎn)生影響Para.2e.g.Thousandsofpeoplewillstarveiffooddoesn'treachthere.Theschoolsarestarvingfor

funds.starvetodeath

餓死starvefor缺乏/急需……

【語境應(yīng)用】翻譯句子。1)那次饑荒(famine)中有許多人餓死了。2)給我準(zhǔn)備些吃的！我快餓死了！Manypeoplestarvedtodeathbecauseofthefamine.Pleasepreparesomefoodforme.I’mstarving!Para.3globalaveragesurfacetemperatureakeyclimateprocessgreenhouseeffectman-madereferto(referred-referring)asshort-waveradiationo...keepearth’sclimatewarmandhabitablesustainlifehugeamountsofbetrappedin1.全球平均表面溫度2.一個(gè)關(guān)鍵氣候過程3.溫室效應(yīng)4.人造的5.指的是6.以短波輻射的形式7.釋放到8.地球溫度保持溫暖并適于居住9.維持生命10.大量的11.被困在提及；談到

參考；查閱談到；提到referto1.HisreportreferstothesituationintheMiddleEast.2.Thewriteroften

refersto

adictionary.

3.Thebookreferredtoisnotinthelibrary.The"natural"greenhouseeffectrefersto

thefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth'ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.過去分詞作后置定語，修飾名詞processwhich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾the“greenhouseeffect”句意：氣候?qū)W家經(jīng)常提到一個(gè)被稱為“溫室效應(yīng)”的關(guān)鍵氣候過程，它有兩個(gè)常見的含義：“自然”溫室效應(yīng)和“人為”溫室效應(yīng)。5.Theheatisreleasedbackintospaceatlongerwavelengths.releasevt.:toletasubstanceflowout排放；釋放releasesth.intosth.egOilwasreleasedintothesea.Coalpowerstations

release

sulphurdioxide(二氧化硫)

into

theatmosphere.releasevt.:toletnewsorofficialinformationbeknownandprinted發(fā)布egThelatestnewshasjustbeenreleasedtothemedia.releasen.排放；釋放；發(fā)布egTheaccidentcausedthereleaseofradioactivity(放射性物質(zhì))

into

theatmosphere.Therearestrictrulesonthereleaseofofficialinformation.【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。Theprisonerhasservedhissentenceand_______________(release)tomorrow.Whenshewasalone,sheburstintotears,______________(release)allheremotions.

willbereleased

releasing6.Withoutthisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.sustainv.

tomakesomethingcontinuetoexistorhappenforaperiodoftime保持，維持，使持續(xù)egShefounditdifficulttosustainthechildren'sinterest.sustainv.

tosufferdamage,aninjury,orlossofmoney遭受，經(jīng)受egTwoofthefire-fighterssustainedseriousinjuries.【拓展】

sustainable

adj.

可持續(xù)的，合理利用的

sustainable

economicgrowth經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)增長【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子1)Theicewastoothinto_________________(承受體重)ofthegoat.2)Thetyphoonleft,andthecityhad__________________(遭受巨大破壞).3)Theaimofthemeetingwastopromote______________________(可持續(xù)發(fā)展)inthatarea.

sustaintheweight

sustainedgreatdamage

sustainabledevelopment7.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels…h(huán)ugeamountsof

+不可數(shù)名詞

大量，許多修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式ahugeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞

大量，許多修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式egAhugeamountofmoneyhasbeenspentonthisproject.egHugeamountsofdamagehavebeendoneinashorttime.(1)

一般只用來修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的有：agreat/goodmany,agreat/large/goodnumberof,quiteafew等。(2)

一般只用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:quitealittle,agreatdealof,alargeamountof,largeamountsof等。【歸納】表示“許多，大量”的短語：(3)

既可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：plentyof,alotof,lotsof,amassof,massesof等，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于它們后面所接的名詞的形式。(4)alargequantityof和largequantitiesof后既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，又可接不可數(shù)名詞，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要由quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定。【語境應(yīng)用】從括號(hào)內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1)It’sreportedthatagoodamountofmoney_____(was/were)spenttopreventandcontroldesertification(荒漠化).2)Alargenumberofhouses______(was/were)destroyedintheearthquake.3)Ithinkthatlargeamountsoftime_____(is/are)wastedinwatchingTVseries.4)Alargequantityofflowers_____(has/have)beenplantedinourschool.was

were

are

hasbetrappedin…意是“被困在;陷入困境;陷入”。Lindamustbetrappedinthisstorm.Ifso,shemustbeindanger.

becaughtin

表示“陷入,卷入”；bestuckin表示“受困于，被困在…中，陷入，卡住不動(dòng)”。1.Wewerecaughtinthestormandgotwetallover.2.Wedon’twanttobestuckinthemarketalltheday.拓展鏈接:Para.41.

確鑿且全面的證據(jù)2.極端天氣3.自然災(zāi)害4.造成損害5.造成生命損失6.采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆?dòng)7.變暖的趨勢8.頻繁地報(bào)道9.極端暴雨和熱浪10.經(jīng)濟(jì)損失主句剩余的部分是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，解釋evidence的具體內(nèi)容。notonly…,butalso…是兩個(gè)并列的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語9.Infact,newsreportsarefrequentlybroadcastaboutextremerainstormsandheatwavescausingdeathsandeconomiclosses.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾rainstormsandheatwavesbroadcastv.

tosendoutradioortelevisionprogrammes廣播;播送egTheinterviewwasbroadcastliveacrossChina.broadcastv.totellsth.toalotofpeople使廣為傳播，散布egDon’tbroadcastthefactthathelosthisjob.broadcastn.aprogrammeontheradioorontelevision廣播節(jié)目;電視節(jié)目anewsbroadcast

一檔新聞節(jié)目alivebroadcastoftheconcert音樂會(huì)的現(xiàn)場直播【點(diǎn)撥】alivebroadcast(n.)

broadcast(v.)live現(xiàn)場直播Para.5resultin=leadto=contributeto=resultfromv.

asaresultof=becauseof=dueto=

2.considermakingpolicies3.restricttheamountofcarbondioxide4.Itisourresponsibilitytodo5.seizetheopportunitytodo（seizesb.bythe+n.）1.導(dǎo)致，由...造成由于2.考慮制定政策3.

限制二氧化碳的量4.做...是我們的責(zé)任5.

抓住機(jī)會(huì)做某事10.Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.resultin:

tomakesomethinghappen導(dǎo)致，造成egTheaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.Oureffortsresultedinsuccess.【拓展】resultfrom...由……造成;因……而產(chǎn)生

asaresultof...由于……的結(jié)果asaresult結(jié)果(在句中常用作插入語,

相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞)eg

Hisfailureresultedfromnotworkinghardenough.Heisunabletogotoschoolasaresultofthefallfromhishorse.Hesavedthelifeoftheboss’

daughter.Asaresult，

hewasgivenanexcellentjob.【語境應(yīng)用】翻譯下面句子。1)

他的粗心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。2)

他犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤，因此失去了工作。3)

疾病通常是由缺乏睡眠引起的。Hiscarelessnessresultedinhisfailure.Hemadeonebigmistake,andasaresulthelosthisjob./Helosthisjobasaresultofonebigmistake.Sicknessoftenresultsfromlackofsleep.11.Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.restrictvt.

tolimitorcontrolthesize,amount,orrangeofsomething限制；限定egInfuturewewillrestrictclasssizesto20students.I'mrestricting

myselftoapieceofcandyaday.省略了that/which的定語從句，修飾先行詞carbondioxide

restrict名詞形式是restriction

搭配：

restrictionsonrestrictoneselfto(doing)sth拓展restriction

n.aruleorlawthatlimitsorcontrolswhatpeoplecando限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束egTheparkisopentothepublicwithoutrestriction.Itisaclubwithstrictrestrictions

onitsmembership.1.Theearlieststudieshavesuggestedalinkbetweencalorie__________(restrict)andslowingaging.2.Wemakenorestrictions______thekindsoffilmsweshow—aslongasafilm’squalitymeetsourstandards.3.Don’trestrictyourselfto_________(make)friends—itwillhelpincreaseyourknowledge.即學(xué)即用restrictiononmaking12.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,…seizevt.

totakeholdofsomethingsuddenlyandviolently

抓住seizeachance/anopportunity:toquicklyandeagerlydosomethingwhenyouhavethechanceto抓住機(jī)會(huì)/時(shí)機(jī)egSeizethechance,otherwiseyou’llregretit.I

seized

hisarmandmadehimturntolookatme.seizevt.

totakecontrolofaplacesuddenlyandquickly,usingmilitaryforce奪取egThesoldiersseizedthecityafterahardfi