湖南省部分學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)聯(lián)考(四)英語(yǔ)試題

學(xué)校：姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

一、閱讀理解

Ifyoulovetalkingaboutvacationsasmuchasyoulovegoingonvacation,thenthiscard

gameDestinationAnywherefromTableTopicsisforyou.

Therearen'tanyrules——ifsjustyou,yourfriend,and135cardsprintedwith

conversationstartersthatallrelatetotravel.Thequestionsareopenenough.Theymight

inspireyoutosharethefunnieststoriesfromyourprevioustravels.uWhatdoyoualways

forgetwhenyou'repackingfbratrip?^^may,fbrexample,remindyouofthetimewhenyou

forgottobringyourtentonaweek-longhike.And“Doyouprefermakingtoursorseeing

sitesonyourown?”ispracticallybeggingyoursistertotalkaboutthetimeshegotlostona

self-guidedtourthroughtheTuscancountrysideandwasrescuedbyakindlyoldsheepherder.

Thegameisrecommendedtoages12andup,andyoucangetitonAmazonfor$25.

IftheDestinationAnywhereversiondoesn'tsitwellwithyou,thereareplentyofother

TableTopicsversionstochoosefrom.The“GeekPop!”edition($22)couldencouragealively

debate."NotYourMom'sDinnerParty“edition($25)willkeepyourguestsentertainedwith

questionslike“Haveyoueverbeenaccompaniedbysecurity?^^The“Family”edition($25)is

agreatwaytogetsilentkidstocomeoutoftheirshellsalittle."Wouldyouratherknowhow

toflyaplane,drivearacecar,orrockclimb?^^prettymuchguaranteesananswerthatisn't

“Yes”「No”,or“Good”.

YoucanbrowsealltheTableTopicscardsetonAmazon.

1、WhatdoweknowaboutthegameDestinationAnywhere?

A.Itisonlysuitableforadultstoplay.

B.Itrequiresplayerstofollowcertainrules.

C.Itpromptspeopletostarttalkingabouttravel.

D.ItisthecheapestofalltheTableTopicscardgames.

2、Whichofthefollowingeditioncanhelpintrovertedchildrentotalkmore?

A.FamilyB.GeekPop!

B.C.DestinationAnywhereD.NotYourMom'sDinnerParty

3、Whafsthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toshowhowtoplaythecardgames.

B.Togivesuggestionsonholdingparties.

C.Toencouragepeopletogoonvacation.

D.TorecommendtheTableTopicscardset.

ThewastemanagementparkatWaterBeachinCambridge-shirehandles400,000tonsof

recyclingeveryyear.

FranHawesisstandingontheedgeofamountainofdryrecycling.Shesays,"Somethink

ifsadiscouragingthing,butformepersonally,itisahugeresponsibility.^^Fran,whostarted

todothejobattheageof26,takesherjobveryseriously.amthatannoyingpersonata

partywhowillgeteveryone'srecyclingandmakesureeverythinggoesintherightbin,“she

admits."That'smyjob.That'smymission.That'swhatIneedtodo.Itallowsmetofindmy

leadershipstyle.”

BinloaderRichardHughesandhiscolleaguesclockonatthewasteservicegarageinPeter-

boroughat6:30andareoutemptyingbinswithinhalfanhour.Richardworksfour12-hour

daysandadmitsthepayandtheconditionarenotgreat——buttherearethreedaysoffwhich

hecansparetohispartnerandchildren.HiscolleagueCrystalTealhasbeenworkingasabin

loaderfortwoandahalfmonths."Ididn'tfeelmylastjobgavemeself-worthandgeneral

happiness,soIdecidedtochangeanddosomethingcompletelydifferent,“shesays."I

decidedtobeabinman.Itdoesn'tbothermethatmenaremainlydoingit,“Crystaladds."It

canbesmellysomedays,butgohomeandhaveashower,you'llbeallright.”

“Whenhouseholdersputthewrongmaterialintherecyclingbins,itmakesmefeelangry

thattheyarejustputtingitoutthere.We'redoingourjobtoservethem.Weareproviding

servicetotaketheirrubbishawayandtheycan'tdotheirparttoputtherightthingsin,“said

Richard.

“Anyproblemhasasolution——thereforeI'mnotafraidofapileofwaste,“Fransays."To

anynormalperson,thismightbeintimidating（令人生畏的）.It'sachallenge.Butthiswillbe

gonebyMondaymoming.^^

4、WhydoesFranHawesmakeothersannoyedataparty?

A.Sheaskseveryonetoberesponsiblefortheirjobs.

B.Shestillperformshertaskofwastesorting.

C.Shehoststhepartyinaleadershipway.

D.Shemightbesmellyatparties.

5、WhydidCrystalchoosetobeabinloader?

A.Sheneededawell-paidjob.B.Shepreferredthethree-day-offholiday.

C.It'smeaningfiilforhertodothejob.D.Allthecolleagueswerefriendlytoher.

6、WhatmadeRichardsometimesangry?

A.Peopledidn'ttakeouttheirrubbish.

B.Peoplethrewawayrubbisheverywhere.

C.Peopledidn'tsorttheirrubbishoutrightly.

D.Peoplepickedoutusefulthingsfromthebins.

7、WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFran?

A.Honestanddetermined.B.Humorousandconfident.

C.Sensitiveandtalented.D.Responsibleandoptimistic.

TheStateoftheWorld'sBirds-reportfromconservationgroupBirdLifeisthelatest

criticalsurveythathighlightthescaleofthecurrentbiodiversitycrisis.Itsays,morethanhalf

theworld'sbirdspeciesareindecline,ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureand

expansionintohabitatscontinuetowreakhavoconbirdpopulations.

“Wehavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherateofextinction

isaccelerating,saidLucyHaskell,whoisleadauthorofthereport."Historically,most

extinctionswereonislands,butworryinglythereisagrowingwaveofcontinentalextinctions,

drivenbylandscape-scalehabitatloss.”

ThereportrevieweddatafromtheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedList.

Analysisshowedthat5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or49percent,havedeclining

populations,while38percentarestable,6percentareincreasing,and6percenthave

unknowntrends.Oneineightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,andalsohighlightedthe

massivescaleofpopulationlossinseveralwell-surveyedareas.

Theexpansionandintensification（集約化）inagricultureistheleadingthreattobirds,the

reportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatenedspecies.Unsustainableloggingand

managementofforestsisanothersignificantthreat,impactingnearlyhalfofthreatenedbird

species.

Birdsplayanessentialroleinthehealthofecosystemsaroundtheworld.Theyare

predators,pollinators,seeddispensers,andscavengers,andhelptomoveandcyclenutrients

acrosswideranges."Birdstellusaboutthehealthofournaturalenvironment—weignore

theirmessagesatourperil/9Lucysaid.

Authorsofthereportsaidthatgovernmentsmustprioritizemoresustainableagriculture

practicesandtheprotectionofnaturalhabitatsinordertoslowpopulationdeclineinbird

species.Therearenumerousexamplesofpopulationsbouncingbackwiththehelpofwell-

coordinatedconservationprograms.utIfwegivenatureachance,itcanrecover,said.But

chart,whoischiefscientistforBirdLife."Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationisterrible,

butweknowhowtoreversethesedeclines.^^

8、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wreakhavocon“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Graduallychange.B.Sharplyincrease.

C.Slightlydisturb.D.Seriouslydamage.

9、Howdidthereportshowthestateoftheworld'sbirds?

A.Bylistingcauses.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Byanalyzingdata.D.Byansweringquestions.

10、Whatisthemajorthreattobirdsaccordingtothereport?

A.Illegalhuntingforbirds.B.Thedevelopmentofagriculture.

C.Poormanagementofforests.D.Thelossoflandscape-scalehabitats.

11、Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Birdsplayavitalroleinmaintainingbiodiversity.

B.Governmentshaveprotectednaturalhabitatsgreatly.

C.Conservationprogramsneedtobeupdatedmorefrequently.

D.Scientistsareconfidentaboutslowingpopulationdeclineofbirds.

Researchershavedevelopedadevicethatturnssunlight,carbondioxideandwaterinto

oxygenandformicacid（甲酸）一astablefuelthatcaneitherbeuseddirectlyorbechanged

intohydrogen,withoutrequiringanyadditionalcomponentsorelectricity.Thedevice,

developedbyateamfromtheUniversityofCambridge,isasignificantsteptowardachieving

artificialphotosynthesis（光合作用）.

Harvestingsolarenergytoturncarbondioxideintofuelsisapromisingwaytoreduce

carbonemissions.However,itischallengingtoproducethesecleanfuelswithoutunwanted

by-products.uInaddition,storageofgaseousfuelscanbecomplicated——wewanttogettothe

pointwherewecancleanlyproducealiquidfuelthatcanalsobeeasilystoredand

transported/9saidProfessorEisner,seniorauthorofthestudy.

In2019,researchersfromEisner'sgroupdevelopedasolarreactorbasedonan"artificial

leaf9design,whichalsousessunlight,carbondioxideandwatertoproduceafuel,knownas

syn-gas.Thenewtechnologyisquitesimilartotheartificialleafbutworksinadifferentway

andproducesformicacid,whichcanbechemicallyconvertedintodifferenttypesoffuel.

Theartificialleafusedcomponentsfromsolar-cells,whilethenewdevicedoesn'trequire

thesecomponentsandreliesentirelyonphoto-catalysts（光催化劑）placedonasheet.The

sheetsaremadeupofsemiconductorpowders,whichcanbepreparedinlargequantities

easilyandcost-effectively.Inaddition,thisnewtechnologyproducescleanfuelsthatare

easiertostore.

“Weweresurprisedhowwellitworked-itproducedalmostnoby-products,saidEisner.

"Sometimesthingsdon'tworkaswellasyouexpected,butthiswasararecasewhereit

actuallyworkedbetter/9

Theresearchersarenowworkingtofurtherimproveefficiency.Additionally,theyare

exploringothercatalyststogetdifferentsolarfuels.6tWehopethistechnologywillpavethe

waytowardsustainableandpracticalsolarfuelproduction,saidEisner.

12、Whatwasaproblemwithartificialphotosynthesis?

A.Itconsumestoomuchelectricity.

B.Itproducestoomanyby-products.

C.Theenergyitproducesisnoteasytostore.

D.Theenergyitproducescannotbeuseddirectly.

13、Whatadvantagedoesthenewdevicehaveovertheartificialleaf?

Altismoreenvironment-friendly.

B.Itislighterandeasiertocarry.

C.Itismoreeconomicalandefficient.

D.Ituseslessenergy-demandingsolarcells.

14、Whatdotheresearchersfocusondoingnow?

A.Tryingoutnewcatalysts.B.Makingfulluseofby-products.

C.Exploringothersustainablefuels.D.Mass-producingtheirnewdevice.

15、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Theprospectofartificialphotosynthesis

B.Anewdeviceforartificialphotosynthesis

C.Opportunitiesandchallengesofphoto-catalysts

D.Artificialleaf:greatprogressonmakingcleanenergy

二、七選五

16、Workingonshipsisnotaneasytaskanddissatisfactionanddeactivationcaneasilybe

developedamongseafarersasaresultofvariouskindsofstresses.①Therefore,

captainshouldtakeadditionalstepsasmentionedbelowtoensurethatallteammembersare

comfortablewitheachotherbothonandoffwork.

Themorningmeeting,whichisconductedtoassignworktoteammembers,isthebesttime

togetallthecrewmemberstogether.Itisnecessarythatcrewmemberstalktoeachother

duringsuchmeetings.②Thisactivitygivesmembersasenseofresponsibilityand

importance.Italsoworksagreatdealinimprovingtheirperformanceandinterpersonal

relationship.

On-boardtrainingprogramisyetanotherimportantopportunitytogetcrewmembers

togethertoinstructimportantworkingknowledgeorconductsafetycommitteemeetings.③

Spendfreetimetogether.Itisoftenseenthatpostworkinghours,officersandcrew

membersspendtimeintheirownroomsinsteadofgettingtogetherinofficesorcrewlounge.

Watchingmoviesandplayinggamesinfreetimeisasolidwaytoknoweachotherandbuild

greatrelationshipsbothonandoffwork.

④Partyisagreatmethodtobondpeopletogetherandimprovescarredrelationships

onboardships.However,itisnecessarythattheyarearrangedinsuchawaythatmaximum

crewisabletoparticipate.Festivalcelebrationsarealsoagreatwaytoenhanceinterpersonal

relationshipsbetweenpeopleonboard.

Theabove-mentionedmethodsaresomeofthemainonesthatareusedonboardto

strengthenrelationshipsonboardships.⑤Anditwouldalsoimproveproductivityand

employmentsatisfaction.

A.Duringsuchsituation,itisuptocaptain.

B?A”one?man-show"cannotrunthewholeship.

C.Everyonelikestopartyandunwindonceinawhile.

D.Eachmembershouldbegivenachancetoprovidesuggestions.

E.Doingthiswouldensuresmoothandsafeoperationsoftheship.

F.Captainshouldarrangethetrainingfbrmaximumcrewmemberstoparticipate.

G.Thisisthemostimportantsteptowardsdevelopinginterpersonalrelationshiponboard

ships.

三、完形填空(15空)

ThishappenedwhenIwas11.OnMother'sDay,ImadeaBundtcakeand1slicesofit

away.Manymomsbeganaskingmetobakethemcakesstraightaway.

I'minterestedinbakingand2watchingbakingshows.SowhenIheardabouttheir

3_,IrealizedIcouldjust4it.ThenIstartedmycakebusiness.

5,thecakeswouldfallapart.SonoteverycakewasperfectlybakedthefirsttimeI6.

ButIknewthatitwasOKtomake7andthatyoujustkeptgoinguntilitwasright.

Successcameaftermanyfailures.NowFma(an)8baker.I'dletmyBundtcakescook

forlessthananhourbeforemydadwouldtakethemoutoftheovenandgivethemtome.I

offer9likecreamcheese,lemonandchocolate,andIwilldospecialcakeson10,too.

SofarIhavesoldnearly300cakes.IdonatedsomemoneyI11toacharity,sothatI

couldprovide12forsomefamilies.

MyfriendshavesaidthatIamagreatentrepreneur.IamgladthatIhavebeenabletodo

mybusinessduringthepandemic.Iwas13beforethis,andthishas14metodo

somethingmeaningful15justsittingdownandwatchingTV.

17、

18、

19、

20、A.applyforB.goforC.accountforD.preparefor

21、

22、

23、

24、

25、

26、

27、

28、

29、

30、

31、A.regardlessofB.insteadof

C.inadditiontoD.bycomparisonwith

四、語(yǔ)法填空

32、Sanfutie,orSanfumedicinalpatch,isabandagewithtraditionalChineseherbal

medicine.PractitionersoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)believethat①(receive)

Sanfutieduringthehottestsummerdaysisaneffectiveway②(prevent)andtreat

diseasesoccurringorbeingworseinwinter,suchascoughs,asthmaandarthritis.

ThetreatmentisbasedontheTCMprincipleofyinandyang,③believesthebalance

ofbothelementsinthebody④(be)vitalforgoodhealth.Sanfutiecontainsapasteof

herbal?_(extract)thatare"hot"innature,andwhen⑥(apply)tospecific

acupuncturepoints(穴位)，usuallyonthelackandneck,theyreplenish(補(bǔ)充)theyang

elements.

Thesepatches⑦(use)inTCMsincetheearliestrecordedtimesofChinesehistory,as

itisfoundintheHuangdiNeijing(TheInnerCanonoftheYellowEmperor),⑧must-

leamtextbookforTCMpractitioners,compiledatleast2,000yearsago.Sanfutietreatment

became⑨(extreme)popularintheQingDynasty(1644-1911)andhasenjoyeda

revivalinrecentyearsasmorepatientsturn⑩TCMtreatment.

五、書(shū)面表達(dá)

33、假如你是李華，在英國(guó)做交換生時(shí)曾患病住院，寄宿家庭房東Eric給予你悉心照

料，并經(jīng)常輔導(dǎo)你功課。你現(xiàn)已回國(guó)，請(qǐng)給他寫(xiě)一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.表示感謝；

2.回顧幫助；

3.邀請(qǐng)來(lái)中國(guó)游玩。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右;

2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearEric,

Yours,

LiHua

六、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)

34、閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短

文。

ABeautifulGroupPainting

Theartclasswasoverinablinkofaneye.Whentherecessbell(下課鈴)rang,Lisasighed.

Atheroldschool,sheusedtoplaywithherfriends.Nowshesatinthecornerofthefieldand

watchedtheotherkidsplaywithouther.

Assheclearedhertable,Lisanoticedaboxofchalkbythewindow.Sheputitinher

pockets.Thenshetookherusualplaceattheendoftherecessline.

Assheandherclassmateswalkeddownthehallandoutintotheyard,Lisaremembered

howsheandhermotherusedtodrawchalkdesignsonthelongdrivewayleadingtotheold

apartment.Thepatternswerecalledrangoli卸度傳統(tǒng)地畫(huà)),andtheylookedlikestarsand

roses.Lisa'smothersaidthatthedrawingsweretowelcomegueststotheirhome.Lisa

missedtheearlymorningssheandhermotherwouldspenddrawingthosecolorfulpatterns.

Lisawalkedtothebasketballcourtandsatonthesidewalk.Shetookchalkoutofher

pocketandbegantodrawherfavoriterangolipattern.Shedrewflowerswithhugepetals（花

瓣）andstarswitheightpoints.

“That'spretty,“avoicesaid.SheturnedaroundandsawthatEric,aboyinherclass,was

watchingher.

"It'scalledrangoli/9shesaid.

“Thefloorofmygrandmother'shousehaspatternslikethat,“Ericsaid.

“Whatdoyoumean?”Lisaasked."HandmeapieceofchalkJEricsaid.Ericsatdownon

thepavementandbegantodraw.HedrewflowersthatweremoredetailedthanLisa's,but

stillhadhugepetals.Thenhedrewcirclesinsidecircles,andsurroundedthemwithsmall

diamonds.Lisakeptdrawingtoo.

“Whatareyouguysdoing?”avoiceasked.LisaandErichadbeensoabsorbedindrawing

thattheyhadn'tnoticedthattheirclassmateEmmahadbeenwatchingthem.

“Hey,"Emmasaid,sittingdownbesidethem,“thatlooksliketherugs（小地毯）inmy

uncle'shouse.Exceptontherugs,theshapesarebigger,andaren'tascurly（卷曲的）

注意：

L續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。

“Showus,“saidEric,handingEmmaapieceofchalk.

Havingheardtheteacher9spraise,manystudentsgatheredaround.

參考答案

I、答案：c

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“135cardsprintedwithconversationstartersthatall

relatetotravel”可知DestinationAnywhere這個(gè)游戲會(huì)啟發(fā)人們開(kāi)始談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)旅行的話

題。故選C。

2、答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"The"Family，edition（$25）isagreatwaytoget

silentkidstocomeoutoftheirshellsalittle."可知"Family”這個(gè)游戲可以幫助沉默寡言的

孩子多說(shuō)話。故選A。

3、答案：D

解析：目的意圖題。本文介紹了TableTopics系列產(chǎn)品的相關(guān)信息，最后一段還提供了銷(xiāo)

售渠道，故其目的在于向人們推薦TableTopics的系列產(chǎn)品。故選D。

4＞答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的"Iamthatannoyingpersonatapartywhowillget

everyone'srecyclingandmakesureeverythinggoesintherightbin,"sheadmits."That'smy

job.That'smymission.That'swhatIneedtodo.Itallowsmetofindmyleadershipstyle."（她

承認(rèn):“我是聚會(huì)上那個(gè)討厭的人，會(huì)把每個(gè)人的垃圾都收起來(lái)，并確保所有東西都放在正

確的垃圾桶里。這是我的工作。這就是我的使命。這就是我需要做的。它讓我找到了

自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格?！保┛芍?，在聚會(huì)時(shí),Fran會(huì)收起每個(gè)人的垃圾，并做好垃圾分類(lèi)的工作，

這讓聚會(huì)中的人感到不舒服。故選B項(xiàng)。

5、答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中"Ididn'tfeelmylastjobgavemeself-worthandgeneral

happiness,soIdecidedtochangeanddosomethingcompletelydifferent,"shesays."I

decidedtobeabinman.Itdoesn'tbothermethatmenaremainlydoingit,"Crystaladds.（"我

覺(jué)得上一份工作并沒(méi)有給我?guī)?lái)自我價(jià)值和快樂(lè)，所以我決定改變,做一些完全不同的事

情。"她說(shuō)，"我決定當(dāng)一名清潔工。主要是男性在做這件事，我并不介意這一點(diǎn)，"克里斯

托補(bǔ)充道。）可知,Crystal認(rèn)為自己的上一份工作沒(méi)有讓她感受到快樂(lè)和自我價(jià)值的實(shí)

現(xiàn)，而離職后她選擇當(dāng)一個(gè)垃圾傾倒工,可推知，這是一份能使她感受到自我價(jià)值和快樂(lè)

的工作，對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一份有意義的工作。故選C項(xiàng)。

6、答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的"Whenhouseholdersputthewrongmaterialinthere

cyclingbins,itmakesmefeelangrythattheyarejustputtingitoutthere.We'redoingourjob

toservethem.Weareprovidingservicetotaketheirrubbishawayandtheycan'tdotheirpart

toputtherightthingsin,"saidRichard.（"當(dāng)住戶們把錯(cuò)誤的材料放入回收箱時(shí)，我感到憤

怒，因?yàn)樗麄冎皇前阉旁谀抢?。我們?cè)诒M我們的職責(zé)為他們服務(wù)。我們提供服務(wù)把他

們的垃圾運(yùn)走，而他們卻不能盡自己的一份力把正確的東西放進(jìn)去。"理查德說(shuō)道。）可

知,住戶們不把垃圾正確地分類(lèi)，放在正確的地方，這讓Richard很生氣。故選C項(xiàng)。

7、答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Shesays,"Somethinkit'sadiscouragingthing,butfor

mepersonally,itisahugeresponsibility."Fran,whostartedtodothejobattheageof26,

takesherjobveryseriously」她說(shuō)：”有些人認(rèn)為這是一件令人沮喪的事情,但對(duì)我個(gè)人來(lái)

說(shuō),這是一項(xiàng)巨大的責(zé)任?！备ヌm從26歲開(kāi)始做這份工作，她非常認(rèn)真地對(duì)待她的工作。）

可知,Fran對(duì)工作很負(fù)責(zé);根據(jù)最后一段“Anyproblemhasasolution-thereforeI'mnot

afraidofapileofwaste/9Fransays.uToanynormalperson,thismightbeintimidating（令人

生畏的）.It'sachallenge.ButthiswillbegonebyMondaymorning."（"任何問(wèn)題都有解決

的辦法，所以我不怕一堆垃圾。"Fran說(shuō)，”對(duì)于任何一個(gè)正常人來(lái)說(shuō)，這可能令人生畏。這

是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。但到周一早上就會(huì)沒(méi)了?！保┛芍?盡管垃圾很多，但Fran對(duì)于這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)能很

樂(lè)觀地面對(duì)。故選D項(xiàng)。

8、答案：D

解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞組所在的句子Itsays,morethanhalftheworld*sbird

speciesareindecline,ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureandexpansionintohabitats

continuetowreakhavoconbirdpopulations』報(bào)告稱(chēng)，由于包括農(nóng)業(yè)和棲息地?cái)U(kuò)張?jiān)趦?nèi)的

人類(lèi)活動(dòng)繼續(xù)對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)種群造成嚴(yán)重破壞，世界上一半以上的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)物種正在減少。）及第二

段Wehavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherateofextinction

isaccelerating（在過(guò)去的500年里，我們已經(jīng)失去了160多種鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，滅絕的速度正在加快）

可知，農(nóng)業(yè)和向棲息地?cái)U(kuò)張的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)繼續(xù)對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)種群造成嚴(yán)重破壞。由此推知,劃線詞

組wreakhavocon與seriouslydamag（嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞）意義接近。A.Graduallychange.逐漸改

變;B.Sharplyincrease.急劇增加;C.Slightlydisturb.輕微打擾;D.Seriouslydamage.嚴(yán)重破

壞。故選D項(xiàng)。

9、答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Analysisshowedthat5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or

49percent,havedecliningpopulations,while38percentarestable,6percentareincreasing,

and6percenthaveunknowntrends.Oneineightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,and

alsohighlightedthemassivescaleofpopulationlossinseveralwell-surveyedareas.（分析顯

示，全球5412種鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)（即49%）的種群數(shù)量在下降,38%的種群數(shù)量穩(wěn)定,6%的種群數(shù)量正

在增加,6%的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)數(shù)量呈未知趨勢(shì)。每八個(gè)物種中就有一個(gè)面臨滅絕的威脅，這也突顯

了在幾個(gè)調(diào)查良好的地區(qū)，人口的大規(guī)模流失）可推知，該報(bào)告通過(guò)分析數(shù)據(jù)顯示了世界

鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的狀況。故選C項(xiàng)。

10、答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Theexpansionandintensification（集約化）inagriculture

istheleadingthreattobirds,thereportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatened

species.（報(bào)告稱(chēng)，農(nóng)業(yè)的擴(kuò)張和集約化是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)面臨的主要威脅，至少影響了73%的受威脅

物種）可知，根據(jù)報(bào)告，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)面臨的主要威脅是農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)。

11、答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Ifwegivenatureachance,itcanrecover,"said

Butchart,whoischiefscientistforBirdLife."Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationis

terrible,butweknowhowtoreversethesedeclines."（"如果我們給大自然一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，它可以

恢復(fù)，"鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)生命的首席科學(xué)家布特?查特說(shuō)?！睙o(wú)可否認(rèn)，情況很糟糕，但我們知道如何扭

轉(zhuǎn)這種下滑?！保┛芍?從最后一段可以推斷出科學(xué)家們對(duì)減緩鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)數(shù)量的下降充滿信

心。故選D項(xiàng)。

12、答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inaddition,storageofgaseousfuelscanbe

complicated—wewanttogettothepointwherewecancleanlyproducealiquidfuelthatcan

alsobeeasilystoredandtransported（此外汽體燃料的儲(chǔ)存可能很復(fù)雜我們希望達(dá)到這樣

一種程度，即我們可以清潔地生產(chǎn)出一種液體燃料，同時(shí)也可以方便地儲(chǔ)存和運(yùn)輸）”可知,

人工光合作用的一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是產(chǎn)生的氣態(tài)燃料不易儲(chǔ)存。故選C。

13、答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theartificialleafusedcomponentsfromsolar-cells,

whilethenewdevicedoesn'trequirethesecomponentsandreliesentirelyonphoto-catalysts

（光催化齊ll）placedonasheet.Thesheetsaremadeupofsemiconductorpowders,whichcan

bepreparedinlargequantitieseasilyandcost-effectively.Inaddition,thisnewtechnology

producescleanfuelsthatareeasiertostore.（人造葉子使用了太陽(yáng)能電池的組件，而新設(shè)備

不需要這些組件，完全依賴(lài)于放置在薄片上的光催化劑。該薄片由半導(dǎo)體粉末組成，可以

輕松且經(jīng)濟(jì)有效地大量制備。此外，這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)還能生產(chǎn)更容易儲(chǔ)存的清潔燃料）”可知,

與人造葉子相比，新設(shè)備既經(jīng)濟(jì)又高效。故選C。

14、答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Additionally,theyareexploringothercatalyststo

getdifferentsolarfuels.（此外，他們正在探索其他催化劑以獲得不同的太陽(yáng)能燃料）“可知，

研究人員現(xiàn)在專(zhuān)注于試驗(yàn)新的催化劑。故選A。

15、答案：B

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Researchershavedevelopedadevicethatturnssunlight,

carbondioxideandwaterintooxygenandformicacid（甲酸）——astablefuelthatcaneitherbe

useddirectlyorbechangedintohydrogen,withoutrequiringanyadditionalcomponentsor

electricity.Thedevice,developedbyateamfromtheUniversityofCambridge,isa

significantsteptowardachievingartificialphotosynthesis（光合作用）.（研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)了-一種

裝置,可以將陽(yáng)光、二氧化碳和水轉(zhuǎn)化為氧氣和甲酸一一種既可以直接使用也可以轉(zhuǎn)化

為氫氣的穩(wěn)定燃料,而不需要任何額外的組件或電力。該裝置由劍橋大學(xué)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)

發(fā)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)人工光合作用的重要一步）''可知，文章主要介紹了研究人員發(fā)明的一種可用于

人工光合作用的新設(shè)備。由此可知,B.Anewdeviceforartificialphotosynthesis（人工光合

作用的新裝置）適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。

16、答案：ADFCE

解析：①上文"Workingonshipsisnotaneasytaskanddissatisfactionanddemotivationcan

easilybedevelopedamongseafarersasaresultofvariouskindsofstresses.（在船上工作并非

易事，由于各種壓力,海員很容易產(chǎn)生不滿和消極情緒。）”中的duringsuchsituation指的

是上文船員的情況。根據(jù)下文“Therefore,c叩tainshouldtakeadditionalsteps...（因此，船長(zhǎng)

應(yīng)該采取額外的步驟……）''可知，船員產(chǎn)生的這種狀況,歸根結(jié)底是由船長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)的。A選

項(xiàng)“Duringsuchsituation,itisuptocaptain.（在這種情況下，該由船長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)。）”引出下文，符

合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。

②由上文“Itisnecessarythatcrewmemberstalktoeachotherduringsuchmeetings.（在此類(lèi)

會(huì)議期間,全體船員有必要相互交談。）“可知，全體船員都要相互交談。由此推知,通過(guò)這

種方式，他們就可以有機(jī)會(huì)提出自己的建議。D選項(xiàng)“Eachmembershouldbegivena

chancetoprovidesuggestions］每個(gè)成員都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)提出建議。）“符合題意。故選D

項(xiàng)。

③由上文“On-boardtrainingprogramisyetanotherimportantopportunitytogetcrew

memberstogethertoinstructimportantworkingknowledgeorconductsafetycommittee

meetings.（船上培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃是另一個(gè)重要的機(jī)會(huì),讓機(jī)組人員聚在一起指導(dǎo)重要的工作知識(shí)

或舉行安全委員會(huì)會(huì)議。）”可知，船上的船員應(yīng)該參加船長(zhǎng)安排的訓(xùn)練,F選項(xiàng)“Captain

shouldarrangethetrainingformaximumcrewmemberstoparticipate.（船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)安排訓(xùn)練以使

最多的船員能夠參加。）“切題。故選F項(xiàng)。

④本空在段首，是主旨句。根據(jù)下文“Partyisagreatmethodtobondpeopletogetherand

improvescarredrelationshipsonboardships.（聚會(huì)是將人們聯(lián)系在一起并改善船上傷痕累

累的關(guān)系的好方法。）“可知，本段以聚會(huì)和節(jié)日慶祝為例說(shuō)明在船上偶爾聚會(huì)和放松一

下也可以確保所有的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員能和睦相處,C選項(xiàng)“Everyonelikestopartyandunwind

onceinawhile.（每個(gè)人都喜歡偶爾聚會(huì)和放松一下?！扒蓄}。故選C項(xiàng)。

⑤由上文“Theabove-mentionedmethodsaresomeofthemainonesthatareusedonboardto

strengthenrelationshipsonboardships.（上述方法是船上用于加強(qiáng)船上關(guān)系的一些主要方

法。）"和下文"Anditwouldalsoimproveproductivityandemploymentsatisfaction.（它還將

提高生產(chǎn)力和就業(yè)滿意度。）”可知,E選項(xiàng)“Doingthiswouldensuresmoothandsafe

operationsoftheship.（這樣做可以確保船舶的平穩(wěn)和安全運(yùn)行。）”承接上文，點(diǎn)明這些方

法益處的一方面。同時(shí)與下文構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，引出這些方法益處的另一方面。故選E

項(xiàng)。

17、答案：C

解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:母親節(jié)那天，我做了一個(gè)蛋糕,把它切成幾片送人。帶

來(lái)扔掉給，送給移動(dòng)。根據(jù)后文“Manymomsbeganaskingmetobakethemcakesstraight

away.”可知，作者把蛋糕切成片分發(fā)給其他媽媽們。故選C項(xiàng)。

18、答案：A

解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我對(duì)烘焙很感興趣，喜歡看烘焙節(jié)目。贊成，喜愛(ài)建議

考慮完成。根據(jù)前文“I'minterestedinbaking”可知,作者喜愛(ài)烘焙節(jié)目。故選A項(xiàng)。

19、答案：D

解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:所以當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到她們的需求時(shí)，我意識(shí)到我可以放手去

做。雄心善良智慧需要,需求。根據(jù)前文“Manymomsbeganaskingmetobakethemcakes

straightaway.”可知，許多媽媽有需求。故選D項(xiàng)。

20、答案：B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意:所以當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到他們的需求時(shí)，我意識(shí)到我可以放手

去做。for申請(qǐng);for為……而去，爭(zhēng)取得到;for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)任;for為……作準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)前

文"whenIheardabouttheir3"及后文"ThenIstartedmycakebusiness."可知，作者為止匕

放手去做。故選B項(xiàng)。

21、答案：C

解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:最初,蛋糕會(huì)散架。逐漸地有規(guī)律地最初突然。根據(jù)后

文“thecakeswouldfallapart"及"thefirsttime”可知，初做蛋糕，經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，蛋糕會(huì)散架的。

故選C項(xiàng)。

22、答案：D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:所以我第一次嘗試的時(shí)候,并不是每個(gè)蛋糕都烤得很完

美。學(xué)習(xí)收到提交嘗試。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前文“noteverycakewasperfectlybaked"及"thefirst

time”可知，作者是第一次嘗試，并不完美。故選D項(xiàng)。

23、答案：A

解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:但我知道犯錯(cuò)誤是不要緊的，你只要堅(jiān)持下去,直到正

確為止。錯(cuò)誤抱怨努力預(yù)言。根據(jù)前文“noteverycakewasperfectlybaked”及后文

“Successcameaftermanyfailures.“可知，作者知道失敗是成功之母，起初的錯(cuò)誤不要緊。

故選A項(xiàng)。

24、答案：D

解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:現(xiàn)在我是一名熟練的面包師。好奇的先進(jìn)的智能的

熟練的。根據(jù)前文“Successcameaftermanyfailures.”及后文'TdletmyBundtcakescook

fbrlessthananhourbeforemydadwouldtakethemoutoftheovenandgivethemtome.“可

知，經(jīng)過(guò)多次失敗之后，作者成功地成為一名熟練的面包師。故選D