2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期杭州市高三年級(jí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題卷考生須知：本試卷分選擇題部分和非選擇題部分。選擇題部分1至10頁(yè)，非選擇題部分11頁(yè)至12頁(yè)。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1，答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inabakery.C.Inafruitshop.2.Whatshouldbeavoidedinbearencounters?A.Fleeawayimmediately.B.Staywhereyouare.C.Seekshelterinatree.3.Wheredidthewomangoyesterday?A.Toapark.B.Toanexhibition.C.Tohersister’s.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Officecolleagues.B.Boardmembers.C.Businesspartners.5.Whatdoestheathleteowehissuccessto?A.Racingatsealevel.B.Trainingathighaltitudes.C.Livinginamountainousarea.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.WhatkindofstoryisTheWomeninWhite?A.Anartstory.B.Anadventurestory.C.Adetectivestory.7.WhywillittakeCamilleabitoftimetofinishreadingthebook?A.ItiswritteninFrench.B.Itisquitealongstory.C.Ithasaratherplexplot.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatdothespeakersthinkoftaikonauts’mission?A.Heroicyetlonely.B.Honourableyetrisky.C.Costlyyetirreplaceable.9.Whatdoesthewomaninsistonaboutspaceexploration?A.Havingmannedspacetravel.B.Modernizingspacegovernance.C.Investinginspaceexploration.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhydoChinesepeopleliketocallforeigners“l(fā)aowai”?A.Toshowrespecttotheoldage.B.Toconveytheideaofacloserelationship.C.Tostresssomeoneisfromanotherculture.11.Whatdowelearnabouttheman?A.HedislikedChinesefood.B.Hepreferredtotravelalone.C.Hecaredaboutpersonalprivacy.12.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Personalidentity.B.Interpersonalrelationship.C.Culturalunderstanding.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.HowdoesthemanfeelabouttheplayonatParamountTheater?A.Uninterested.B.Disappointed.C.Satisfied.14.WhatdoweknowabouttheplayonattheRiversideTheater?AItstarsNeilSimon.B.Ithasbeenreviewedfavorably.C.Itisthenewadaptationofaclassic.15.Whichplaydotheydecidetogoandsee?A.RomeoandJuliet.B.TheHeadoftheSnake.C.BarefootinthePark.16.Howwillthewomanpurchasetheticket?A.ViaInternetB.Byphone.C.Inperson.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whoinspiredthespeaker?A.EreneGerrard.B.DanRather.C.RichardGenee.18.Whatwasthespeaker’steacherlike?A.Flexible.B.Approachable.C.Knowledgeable.19.Whatdid.thespeaker’steacherdotohelpher?A.Hegaveherhighgradesintests.B.Heofferedheraneditorposition.C.Heencouragedhertosticktohercareerpath.20.Whatisthespeaker?AAwriter.B.Ateacher.C.Apublisher.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AApplyforthe2024–2025SchoolYearWearethrilledyouareconsideringMaristSchoolforyourchild’snextchapter.Maristhastwoprimaryentrypointsforstudentsin7thand9thgradestowhichwetypicallyaccept150and50studentsrespectively.MaristSchoolutilizesRavenna,anapplicationmanagementsystem,forallaspectsoftheadmissionsprocess.ThroughRavenna,parentscanaccesstheMaristapplication,submitsupportingmaterials,trackapplicationstatus,andviewadmissiondecisions.Ourapplicationforthe20242025schoolyearwillbeavailablelateSeptemberwithaJanuary22,2024deadline.Importantly,MaristcontinuestorequiretheSSATaspartoftheapplicationprocess.OnSaturday,January6,2024,MaristwillserveasamunitytestsitefortheSSAT.ThisisthelastnationaltestingdaypriortoourapplicationdeadlinewhenafirstsetofSSATscoresisdue.ImportantDatesSeptember2023March2024MaristSchooladmissionseventsLateSeptember2023Marist20242025applicationavailableinRavennaOctober2023January2024RequiredSSATtestingDecember3,2023OpenHeuseJanuary22,2024DeadlinetoapplytoMarist;preliminaryapplicationandfee,parentandstudentquestionnaires,andafirstsetofSSATscoresaredueFebruary1,2024DeadlineforMaristtoreceiveanyoutstandingsupplementalmaterials;transcripts,teacherandadministratorevaluations,andparish/churchverificationformaredueFebruary12,2024DeadlinetosubmitseparatetuitionassistanceapplicationMarch30,2024AAAISmonnotificationdateApril11,2024Deadlinetorespondtoofferofadmission1.Whoisthisarticlemainlyintendedfor?A.Studentsinallgrades. B.Studentsin6thor8thgrades.C.Parentsofchildrenin6thor8thgrades. D.Parentsofchildrenin7thto9thgrades.2.WhatdoweknowaboutRavenna?A.Itdealswithentryapplications. B.Itpromotesschoolmanagement.C.Itisaccessiblethewholeschoolyear. D.Itmonitorstheadmissionsprocess.3.Whichcanbeapossibledateforapplicantstosubmitteacherevaluations?A.August30,2023. B.January26,2024.C.February3,2024. D.March30,2024.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是MaristSchool寫給孩子要申請(qǐng)?jiān)撔?024——2025學(xué)年6年級(jí)和8年級(jí)的家長(zhǎng)的，希望他們注意申請(qǐng)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意哪些方面，尤其是各個(gè)事項(xiàng)的截止點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“WearethrilledyouareconsideringMaristSchoolforyourchild’snextchapter.Maristhastwoprimaryentrypointsforstudentsin7thand9thgradestowhichwetypicallyaccept150and50studentsrespectively.(我們很高興你考慮在圣母學(xué)校開(kāi)啟你孩子的下一個(gè)篇章。馬里斯特大學(xué)為七年級(jí)和九年級(jí)的學(xué)生提供兩個(gè)主要入學(xué)點(diǎn)，我們通常分別接收150名和50名學(xué)生)”可知，圣母學(xué)校開(kāi)啟孩子的下一個(gè)篇章，招收7年級(jí)和9年級(jí)的學(xué)生，因此推斷本文針對(duì)的讀者是孩子即將入讀七年級(jí)和九年級(jí)的家長(zhǎng)們，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是6年級(jí)和8年級(jí)學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“MaristSchoolutilizesRavenna,anapplicationmanagementsystem,forallaspectsoftheadmissionsprocess.ThroughRavenna,parentscanaccesstheMaristapplication,submitsupportingmaterials,trackapplicationstatus,andviewadmissiondecisions.(瑪麗斯特學(xué)校在招生過(guò)程的各個(gè)方面都使用了申請(qǐng)管理系統(tǒng)Ravenna。通過(guò)Ravenna，家長(zhǎng)可以訪問(wèn)馬里斯特申請(qǐng)，提交支持材料，跟蹤申請(qǐng)狀態(tài)，并查看錄取決定)”可知，Ravenna可處理入學(xué)申請(qǐng)。故選A。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格左上角“September2023March2024(2023年9月2024年3月)”和第六欄“DeadlineforMaristtoreceiveanyoutstandingsupplementalmaterials;transcripts,teacherandadministratorevaluations,andparish/churchverificationformaredue(Marist收到任何未完成的補(bǔ)充材料的截止日期；成績(jī)單，教師和行政人員的評(píng)估，以及教區(qū)/教堂的驗(yàn)證表)”以及時(shí)間“February1,2024(2024年2月1日)”可知，學(xué)校重大事件安排的總體時(shí)間為2023年9月2024年3月，而接收教師評(píng)定的截止日是2024年2月1日，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)“2024年1月26日”符合要求。故選B。BIn1959,Handlerchangedhowtoydollsweremadewhensheintroduced“Barbie”totheworld.Withhermaturefigure,Barbiewasoneofthefirst“grownup”dollstohittheretailmarket.Handlerwantedtocreateatoythatwasdifferentfromthebabydollsthatdominatedlittlegirls’toyboxes.Shewantedadollthatgirlscouldprojecttheirfuturedreamsuponandallowedforlimitlessclothingandcareerchoices.Inspiredbypaperdollsofthetime,Handler,tomuchdisagreement,madesureBarbiehadthebodyofagrownwoman.“MyownphilosophyofBarbie,”Handlerwroteinherautobiography,“wasthatthroughthedoll,thelittlegirlcouldbeanythingshewantedtobe.Barbiealwaysrepresentedthefactthatawomanhadchoices.”There’sevenaBarbieforcancerpatients—BraveBarbie—apartnershipbetweenMattelandCureSearchthatsendsabald(光頭的)Barbietofamiliesaffectedbycancer.“GiftingmydaughteraBarbiewhosufferedfromcancerwastremendous,”Michelle,acancersurvivorsaid,“WewouldplaywiththatBarbietogetherandI’dheartbreakinglywatchherpretendtotakethedolltothehospitalforchemo(化療),orplaceitslongwigontopofitsheadandtellthedoll‘It’stimetobebeautifulagain.’”BaldBarbiewassuperbraveandwentonawesomeadventuresafterchemo.Sometimesshefeltsickandneededtosleep,butwouldfeelmuchbetterafterarest.BaldBarbiealwaysbeatthecancerandwentontolivealongandhappylifewithherfamily.ThatBarbiebecamesomuchmorethanaplasticdoll—shewasameansofmunicationandacopingmechanismduringanextremelydistressingtimeforlittlefamilies.4.WhydidHandlercreateBarbie?A.Tomakeahitintheretailmarket. B.Toappealtogirlswithherdiverseoutfits.C.Todoaprojectonwomen’scareerchoices. D.Toinspiregirlstomakechoicesastheywish.5.HowmightMichellefeelwhenwatchingherdaughterwithBraveBarbie?A.Sadyetforted. B.Enviousyetproud.C.Overwhelmedandashamed. D.Heartbrokenandregretful.6.WhatdoesBraveBarbiemeantoMichelle’sfamily?A.Areliableemotionalsupport. B.Aglueforbrokenrelationships.C.Aneffectivepracticaltreatment. D.Asecretmediumofnegotiation.7.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Amedicaljournal. B.Acharitybrochure.C.Afinancialreport. D.Astorycollection.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Handler創(chuàng)造芭比娃娃的初衷，以及其中一個(gè)名為BraveBarbie的洋娃娃對(duì)一個(gè)癌癥女孩的幫助?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Shewantedadollthatgirlscouldprojecttheirfuturedreamsuponandallowedforlimitlessclothingandcareerchoices.(她想要一個(gè)女孩們可以投射未來(lái)夢(mèng)想的娃娃，并允許無(wú)限的服裝和職業(yè)選擇)”和第三段的“thelittlegirlcouldbeanythingshewantedtobe.Barbiealwaysrepresentedthefactthatawomanhadchoices.(通過(guò)這個(gè)娃娃，小女孩可以成為任何她想成為的人。芭比娃娃一直代表著女性擁有選擇權(quán)的事實(shí))”可推知，Handler創(chuàng)造Barbie的目的是讓激勵(lì)女孩根據(jù)自己的意愿做出選擇。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的““GiftingmydaughteraBarbiewhosufferedfromcancerwastremendous,”Michelle,acancersurvivorsaid,“WewouldplaywiththatBarbietogetherandI’dheartbreakinglywatchherpretendtotakethedolltothehospitalforchemo(化療),orplaceitslongwigontopofitsheadandtellthedoll‘It’stimetobebeautifulagain.’”(“送給我患癌癥的女兒一個(gè)芭比娃娃真是太棒了，”癌癥幸存者米歇爾說(shuō)，“給我的女兒一個(gè)患了癌癥的芭比娃娃是一件非常美妙的事情。我們會(huì)一起玩那個(gè)芭比娃娃，我心碎地看著她假裝帶著芭比娃娃去醫(yī)院化療，或者把它的長(zhǎng)假發(fā)戴在它的頭上，告訴它‘是時(shí)候變漂亮了’”)”可推知，Michelle看到女兒和BraveBarbie一起感到欣慰的同時(shí)也很難過(guò)。故選A。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“BaldBarbiealwaysbeatthecancerandwentontolivealongandhappylifewithherfamily.ThatBarbiebecamesomuchmorethanaplasticdoll—shewasameansofmunicationandacopingmechanismduringanextremelydistressingtimeforlittlefamilies.(禿頭芭比總是戰(zhàn)勝癌癥，并繼續(xù)與她的家人過(guò)著漫長(zhǎng)而幸福的生活。芭比娃娃不僅僅是一個(gè)塑料娃娃——她是一個(gè)溝通的工具，也是一個(gè)在小家庭極度痛苦時(shí)期的應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制)”可推知，BraveBarbie對(duì)于米歇爾一家而言是可靠的情感支持，幫助女兒和這個(gè)家庭應(yīng)對(duì)極度痛苦的階段。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了Handler創(chuàng)造芭比娃娃的初衷，以及其中一個(gè)名為BraveBarbie的洋娃娃對(duì)一個(gè)癌癥女孩和其家庭的幫助。由此推知，本文很有可能來(lái)自一本故事集。故選D。CThatdinosaursatethemammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)thatranbeneaththeirfeetisnotindoubt.NowanextraordinaryfossilnewlydescribedinScientificReports,unearthedbyateamledbyGangHanatHainanVocationalUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinChina,showsthatsometimesthetableswereturned.Thefossildatedtoabout125millionyearsago,duringtheCretaceousperiodwasformedwhenaflowofboilingvolcanicmudswallowedtwoanimalsseeminglylockedinalifeanddeathfight.Theoneontopisamammal.ThisanimalisaherbivorousspeciescloselyrelatedtotheTriceratops(三角恐龍).Animalinteractionssuchasthisareexceptionallycameinthefossilrecord.Onepossibilityisthatthemammalwaseatingsomethingalreadydead,otherthanhuntingliveprey.Thesedaysitisunmonforsmallmammalstoattackmuchlargeranimals.Butitisnotunheardof.AndDr.Hanandhiscolleaguespointoutthatthosemammalswhicheatdeadbodiestypicallyleavetoothmarksalloverthebonesoftheanimals.Thedinosaur’sremainsshownosuchmarks.Thereisalsoachancethefossilcouldbeafake.Moreandmoreconvincingfakeshaveemerged,asthisonedidthoughDr.Hanandhiscolleaguesarguethattheplexlyconnectednatureoftheskeletons(骨骼)makesthatunlikely,too.Assumingitisgenuine,thediscoveryservesasareminderthatnotalldinosaurswereenormousduringtheCretaceousandnotallmammalsweretiny.Fromnosetotail,thedinosaurisjust1.2meterslong.Themammalisabitunderhalfameterinlength.Despitebeinghalfthesize,themammalhasonepawfirmlywrappedaroundoneofitsprey’slimbs,andanotherpullingonitsjaw.Itisbitingdownonthedinosaur’schest,andhasrippedofftwoofitsribs.Beforetheywereinterrupted,itseemsthatthemammalwaswinning.8.Whichidiomisclosestinmeaningtounderlinedpart“thetableswereturned”inparagraph1?A.Thefittestsurvives. B.Thehuntersbeehunted.C.Fortunealwaysfavorsthebrave. D.Thetruthwillalwaysetolight.9.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“toothmark”inparagraph3?A.Toprovethefossilwasfake. B.Toshowtheformingofthefossil.C.Toillustratetheprocessofhunting. D.Tosuggestthedinosaurwashuntedalive.10.WhatmakesDr.Hanthinkthefossilisgenuine?A.Thesizeofthefossil. B.Theabsenceoffakefossils.C.Theplexityoftheskeletons. D.Theconsistencyoftheopinions.11.Whatisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?A.Itoffersacause. B.Ithighlightsasolution.C.Itjustifiestheconclusion. D.Itprovidesanewdiscovery.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)化石表明，有時(shí)恐龍也會(huì)被哺乳動(dòng)物獵殺?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段的“Thatdinosaursatethemammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)thatranbeneaththeirfeetisnotindoubt.(恐龍吃跑在它們腳下的哺乳動(dòng)物是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的)”，第二段的“twoanimalsseeminglylockedinalifeanddeathfight.Theoneontopisamammal.(兩只似乎陷入生死搏斗的動(dòng)物。上面的是哺乳動(dòng)物)”，和第三段的“Thesedaysitisunmonforsmallmammalstoattackmuchlargeranimals.Butitisnotunheardof.(如今，小型哺乳動(dòng)物攻擊大型動(dòng)物已經(jīng)不常見(jiàn)了。但這并非聞所未聞)”可知，雖然恐龍吃哺乳動(dòng)物是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的，但最新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)化石表明在一場(chǎng)生死搏斗中，哺乳動(dòng)物占了上風(fēng)，并且小型動(dòng)物攻擊大型動(dòng)物也并非沒(méi)有。由此可知，有時(shí)情況會(huì)發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)，即公認(rèn)的捕獵者反被獵捕。因此猜測(cè)，劃線部分意為“捕獵者成為獵物”。故選B。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thesedaysitisunmonforsmallmammalstoattackmuchlargeranimals.Butitisnotunheardof.(如今，小型哺乳動(dòng)物攻擊大型動(dòng)物已經(jīng)不常見(jiàn)了。但這并非聞所未聞)”和下文“AndDr.Hanandhiscolleaguespointoutthatthosemammalswhicheatdeadbodiestypicallyleavetoothmarksalloverthebonesoftheanimals.(韓博士和他的同事們指出，那些吃尸體的哺乳動(dòng)物通常會(huì)在骨頭上留下牙印?？铸埖臍埡∩蠜](méi)有這樣的痕跡)”推知，提出恐龍化石的骨骼上沒(méi)有牙齒印是為了表明它很有可能是在活著時(shí)被小型哺乳動(dòng)物獵殺的。故選D。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Moreandmoreconvincingfakeshaveemerged,asthisonedidthoughDr.Hanandhiscolleaguesarguethattheplexlyconnectednatureoftheskeletons(骨骼)makesthatunlikely,too.(越來(lái)越多令人信服的假骨頭出現(xiàn)了，就像這一具一樣——盡管韓博士和他的同事們認(rèn)為，骨骼之間復(fù)雜的連接性質(zhì)也使這種假骨頭不太可能出現(xiàn))”可知，骨骼之間復(fù)雜的連接性使得Dr.Han和他的同事們認(rèn)為化石是真的。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“NowanextraordinaryfossilnewlydescribedinScientificReports,unearthedbyateamledbyGangHanatHainanVocationalUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinChina,showsthatsometimesthetableswereturned.(現(xiàn)在，由中國(guó)海南科技職業(yè)大學(xué)的韓剛領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組在《科學(xué)報(bào)告》中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種不同尋常的化石，它表明，有時(shí)情況會(huì)發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn))”以及最后一段“Fromnosetotail,thedinosaurisjust1.2meterslong.Themammalisabitunderhalfameterinlength.Despitebeinghalfthesize,themammalhasonepawfirmlywrappedaroundoneofitsprey’slimbs,andanotherpullingonitsjaw.Itisbitingdownonthedinosaur’schest,andhasrippedofftwoofitsribs.Beforetheywereinterrupted,itseemsthatthemammalwaswinning.(從鼻子到尾巴，恐龍只有1.2米長(zhǎng)。這種哺乳動(dòng)物體長(zhǎng)不到半米。盡管這種哺乳動(dòng)物只有一半大小，但它的一只爪子牢牢地包裹著獵物的四肢，另一只爪子拉著獵物的下巴。它咬住了恐龍的胸部，撕下了它的兩根肋骨。在他們被打斷之前，哺乳動(dòng)物似乎贏了)”推知，最后一段對(duì)化石的描述是為了證明第一段提到的研究結(jié)論的正確性，即恐龍有時(shí)會(huì)被哺乳動(dòng)物獵殺。故選C。DPhilosophershaveabadreputationforexpressingthemselvesinadryandboringway.Theidealsformostphilosophicalwritingareprecision,clarity,andthesortofconceptualanalysisthatleavesnohairunsplit.Thereisnothingwrongwithclarity,precision,andthelike—butthisisn’ttheonlywaytodophilosophy.Outsideacademicjournals,abstractphilosophicalideasareoftenexpressedthroughliterature,cinema,andsong.There’snothingthatgrabsattentionlikeagoodstory,andtherearesomegreatphilosophicalstoriesthatdelightandengage,ratherthanputtingthereadertosleep.Oneofthegreatthingsaboutthisisthat,unlikeformalphilosophy,whichtriestobeveryclear,storiesdon’tweartheirmeaningsontheirsleeve—theyrequireinterpretation,andoftenexpressconflictingideasforthereadertowrestlewith.Considerwhatphilosopherscallthemetaphysics(形而上學(xué))ofrace—anareaofphilosophythatexplorersthequestionofwhetherornotraceisreal.Therearethreemainpositionsthatyoucantakeonthesequestions.Youmightthinkthataperson’sraceiswrittenintheirgenes(apositionknownas“biologicalrealism”).Oryoumightthinkofraceassociallyreal,likedaysoftheweekorcurrencies(“socialconstructionism”).Finally,youmightthinkthatracesareunreal—thatthey’remorelikeleprechauns(一種魔法精靈)thantheyarelikeThursdaysordollars(“antirealism”).AgreatexampleofastorywithsocialconstructionisttakingonraceisGeorgeSchuyler’snovelBlackNoMore.Inthebook,aBlackscientistnamedCrookmaninventsaprocedurethatmakesBlackpeoplevisuallyindistinguishablefromWhites.ThousandsofAfricanAmericansflocktoCrookman’sBlackNoMoreclinicsandpayhimtheirhardearnedcashtoundergotheprocedure.Whiteracistscannolongerdistinguishthosepeoplewhoare“really”WhitefromthosewhomerelyappeartobeWhite.Inafinalepisode,CrookmandiscoversthatnewWhitesareactuallyawhitershadeofpalethanthosewhowerebornthatway,whichkicksoffatrendofsunbathingtodarkenone’sskindarkeningitsoastolookmoreWhile.Philosophicallyrichstorieslikethisbringmoretechnicalworkstolife.Theyarestoriestothinkwith.12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofphilosophicalstories?A.Themeaningbehindisveryobvious.B.Theyamextremelypreciseandformal.C.Theyoftencauseconflictsamongreaders.D.Theyareengagingandinspirecriticalthinking.13.Whichcategorymight“Christmas”fallintoaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Socialconstructionism. B.Antirealism.C.Biologicalrealism. D.Literaryrealism.14.WhatisBlackNoMoreinparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Racialissuescausedbyskincolors.B.Asocietyviewonraceandselfimage.C.Blackpeopleacceptedbythewhitesociety.D.Theoriginofsunbathingamongwhitepeople.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.StoriesMadeEasy B.StoriestoThinkwithC.PositionsinPhilosophy D.NatureofPhilosophicalWriting【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要介紹了哲學(xué)的抽象而復(fù)雜的理念往往是通過(guò)一個(gè)個(gè)有趣的小故事的形式體現(xiàn)的，它會(huì)啟發(fā)讀者思考?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“There’snothingthatgrabsattentionlikeagoodstory,andtherearesomegreatphilosophicalstoriesthatdelightandengage,ratherthanputtingthereadertosleep.(沒(méi)有什么能像一個(gè)好故事那樣吸引人的注意力，有一些偉大的哲學(xué)故事會(huì)讓讀者感到愉悅和吸引人，而不是讓讀者昏昏欲睡)”以及第三段“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutthisisthat,unlikeformalphilosophy,whichtriestobeveryclear,storiesdon’tweartheirmeaningsontheirsleeve—theyrequireinterpretation,andoftenexpressconflictingideasforthereadertowrestlewith.(這其中最重要的一點(diǎn)是，與形式哲學(xué)不同的是，故事并不會(huì)把自己的意思掛在明面上——它們需要解釋，而且常常表達(dá)出相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)，讓讀者糾結(jié))”可知，哲學(xué)故事可以使讀者有參與感和激發(fā)批判性思維。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Considerwhatphilosopherscallthemetaphysics(形而上學(xué))ofrace—anareaofphilosophythatexplorersthequestionofwhetherornotraceisreal.Therearethreemainpositionsthatyoucantakeonthesequestions.Youmightthinkthataperson’sraceiswrittenintheirgenes(apositionknownas“biologicalrealism”).Oryoumightthinkofraceassociallyreal,likedaysoftheweekorcurrencies(“socialconstructionism”).Finally,youmightthinkthatracesareunreal—thatthey’remorelikeleprechauns(一種魔法精靈)thantheyarelikeThursdaysordollars(“antirealism”).(讓我們來(lái)考慮一下哲學(xué)家所稱之為種族的形而上學(xué)——這是探究種族是否真實(shí)的哲學(xué)問(wèn)題。關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你可能持有三個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)。你可能認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的種族寫在他們的基因中(被稱為“生物現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”)?；蛘?，你可能認(rèn)為種族是社會(huì)上真實(shí)存在的，就像星期幾或貨幣一樣(“社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義”)。最后，你可能認(rèn)為種族是虛幻的——它們更像一種魔法精靈而不是星期四或美元(“反現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”))”可知，Christmas為一個(gè)節(jié)日，是社會(huì)的共有認(rèn)知，應(yīng)屬于“社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“AgreatexampleofastorywithsocialconstructionisttakingonraceisGeorgeSchuyler’snovelBlackNoMore.Inthebook,aBlackscientistnamedCrookmaninventsaprocedurethatmakesBlackpeoplevisuallyindistinguishablefromWhites.ThousandsofAfricanAmericansflocktoCrookman’sBlackNoMoreclinicsandpayhimtheirhardearnedcashtoundergotheprocedure.Whiteracistscannolongerdistinguishthosepeoplewhoare“really”WhitefromthosewhomerelyappeartobeWhite.Inafinalepisode,CrookmandiscoversthatnewWhitesareactuallyawhitershadeofpalethanthosewhowerebornthatway,whichkicksoffatrendofsunbathingtodarkenone’sskindarkeningitsoastolookmoreWhile.(一個(gè)以社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義觀點(diǎn)來(lái)探討種族問(wèn)題的精彩例子是喬治·斯庫(kù)勒的小說(shuō)《不再是黑人》。在這本書(shū)中，一位名叫克魯克曼的黑人科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種讓黑人在外貌上無(wú)法與白人區(qū)分的程序。成千上萬(wàn)的非洲裔美國(guó)人蜂擁而至克魯克曼的“黑不再”診所，并付出辛苦賺來(lái)的錢去接受手術(shù)。白人種族主義者再也無(wú)法區(qū)分那些“真正”的白人和那些只是表面上看起來(lái)像白人的人。在最后的一集中，克魯克曼發(fā)現(xiàn)新的白人實(shí)際上比天生如此的白人更白，從而引發(fā)了一個(gè)曬太陽(yáng)變黑膚色的潮流，以使自己看起來(lái)更白皙)”可知，白人種族主義者再也無(wú)法區(qū)分那些“真正”是白人的人和那些只是看起來(lái)像白人的人。在最后一集中，克魯克曼發(fā)現(xiàn)新的白人實(shí)際上比那些生來(lái)是白人的人更白，這開(kāi)啟了日光浴使皮膚變黑的趨勢(shì)——使其變黑，以便看起來(lái)不那么白。這段是關(guān)于種族和自我形象的社會(huì)觀。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Philosophershaveabadreputationforexpressingthemselvesinadryandboringway.Theidealsformostphilosophicalwritingareprecision,clarity,andthesortofconceptualanalysisthatleavesnohairunsplit.(哲學(xué)家以枯燥乏味的方式表達(dá)自己而臭名昭著。大多數(shù)哲學(xué)作品的理想是精確、清晰，以及那種不留痕跡的概念分析)”以及最后一段“Philosophicallyrichstorieslikethisbringmoretechnicalworkstolife.Theyarestoriestothinkwith.(像這樣富有哲理的故事給生活帶來(lái)了更多的技術(shù)作品。它們是用來(lái)思考的故事)”以及縱觀全文可知，文章主要介紹了哲學(xué)的抽象而復(fù)雜的理念往往是通過(guò)一個(gè)個(gè)有趣的小故事的形式體現(xiàn)的，它會(huì)啟發(fā)讀者思考，所以B項(xiàng)“StoriestoThinkwith(可供思考的故事)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inaworldthatoftenfeelsfastpacedandrestrainedtoroutines,thedesireforvan(房車)lifeandmobilelivinghascapturedtheheartsofmanyseekinganalternativelifestyle.____16____Fromthefreedomtoexplorenewhorizonstofosteringaminimalistmindset,herearesomecaptivatingadvantagesofembracingvanlife.LiberationfromMaterialismTheconfinedspaceofavanencouragesaminimalistlifestyle,whereexperiencesarevaluedoverpossessions.____17____Withminimalmonthlyexpenses,suchasparkingfeesandfuelcosts,vandwellerscanallocateresourcestoexperiencesratherthanhighrentorhousepayments.Thismobilelivingissupportedbythedegrowthmovement,whichbelievesthateconomiesshouldfocusonsecuringtheminimalbasicneedsinsteadofconsumptionandconsumerism.ExplorationandFlexibilityTheabilitytofollowadventurewhereverittakesyouisoneofthemostamazingaspectsoflivinginavan.Youcanchoosetowakeupatdawnovertheoceanonedayandfindyourselfinaforestedmountainsidethenext.Livinginavanfrequentlyinvolvesbeingclosetotheoutdoorssurroundedbythebeautyofnature.____18____MinimalEcologicalFootprint____19____Theyadoptsolarpanelsandefficientwatersystems,furtherminimizingtheirimpactontheenvironment.Peoplewhochoosetoliveinmobilehomesbelievethateventually,globalwarmingandextremeweathermightbringanendtosedentary(定居的)livingpatterns.Throughtheopenroad,thebeautyofnature,andthefriendshipoffellowadventurers,vanlifepresentsauniqueavenueforenrichingthehumanexperience.____20____A.It’sthrillingtotraveltheworld.B.Manyvanliferstendtogogreen.CLivinginavancanoftenbemorecosteffective.D.They’llfindasenseoffreedomofconstantexploration.E.ThenaturalworldbeesanessentialpartofyourdailylifeF.Betteryet,itoffersawaytoreconnectwiththeessenceofliving.G.Theconceptofvanlifeoffersbenefitsbeyondjustachangeofscenery.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了住在面包車的好處?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Fromthefreedomtoexplorenewhorizonstofosteringaminimalistmindset,herearesomecaptivatingadvantagesofembracingvanlife.(從探索新視野的自由到培養(yǎng)極簡(jiǎn)主義的心態(tài)，這是一些擁抱面包車生活的迷人優(yōu)勢(shì))”可知，擁有面包車的好處不僅僅是可以開(kāi)著它們?nèi)ヂ眯行蕾p沿途的風(fēng)景。G項(xiàng)“Theconceptofvanlifeoffersbenefitsbeyondjustachangeofscenery.(面包車生活的概念提供的好處不僅僅是改變風(fēng)景)”符合題意，引出下文。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Withminimalmonthlyexpenses,suchasparkingfeesandfuelcosts,vandwellerscanallocateresourcestoexperiencesratherthanhighrentorhousepayments.(由于每月的停車費(fèi)和燃油費(fèi)等開(kāi)支很少，住面包車的人可以將資源分配到體驗(yàn)上，而不是支付高昂的租金或住房費(fèi)用)”可知，住面包車更劃算，可以節(jié)省不少開(kāi)支用于體驗(yàn)。C項(xiàng)“Livinginavancanoftenbemorecosteffective.(住在房車?yán)锿ǔ８鼊澦?”符合題意，開(kāi)啟下文。故選C?！?8題詳解】空處位于段末，應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文“Youcanchoosetowakeupatdawnovertheoceanonedayandfindyourselfinaforestedmountainsidethenext.Livinginavanfrequentlyinvolvesbeingclosetotheoutdoorssurroundedbythebeautyofnature.(你可以選擇在某天的黎明在大海上醒來(lái)，第二天發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在森林茂密的山腰上。住在一輛面包車?yán)铮?jīng)?？梢越咏鼞敉?，被大自然的美景所包圍)”可知，每天在大自然中醒來(lái)，被自然的美景所包圍，那么大自然便成為了你日常生活的一部分。E項(xiàng)“Thenaturalworldbeesanessentialpartofyourdailylife(自然世界成為你日常生活中必不可少的一部分)”符合題意，nature和natural是關(guān)鍵詞。故選E。【19題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“MinimalEcologicalFootprint(最小生態(tài)足跡)”推知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與環(huán)保相關(guān)，結(jié)合下文“Theyadoptsolarpanelsandefficientwatersystems,furtherminimizingtheirimpactontheenvironment.(他們采用太陽(yáng)能電池板和高效的供水系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)一步減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響)”中的they推知，空處提到的應(yīng)是住面包車的人都很環(huán)保。B項(xiàng)“Manyvanliferstendtogogreen.(許多在面包車?yán)锷畹娜藘A向于環(huán)保)”符合題意。故選B?！?0題詳解】空處位于段末，應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文“Throughtheopenroad,thebeautyofnature,andthefriendshipoffellowadventurers,vanlifepresentsauniqueavenueforenrichingthehumanexperience.(通過(guò)開(kāi)闊的道路，大自然的美麗，以及冒險(xiǎn)者的友誼，面包車生活為豐富人類體驗(yàn)提供了一條獨(dú)特的途徑)”推知，空處繼續(xù)陳述這種生活帶來(lái)的好處。F項(xiàng)“Betteryet,itoffersawaytoreconnectwiththeessenceofliving.(更好的是，它提供了一種與生活本質(zhì)重新聯(lián)系的方式)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Gang(團(tuán)伙)tensionswererisingatSouthwoodHighSchool.Somemunityactivistshelda(n)____21____meetingwithparentsandtheprincipal.Agroupofthefathers____22____decideditwastimetomaketheir____23____knownoncampus.That’showDadsonDutywasbornwithitsgoalmakesurethekidsare____24____.Around40menorganizedintosixpersonshifts,withtwoshiftsoncampuseveryday.They____25____thedayafterthemeeting.Thesepeople____26____theirownschedulesandmitmentswithoutplaint.Someofthemarefathersofkidsattheschool,whileothersarenotbutexpecttheyouthintheirmunitytoknowtheyhavea(n)____27____villagebehindthem.Now,anyonewhowantstoentertheschoolwith____28____willhavetoavoidenergeticpapabears,bigsmilesandmanydadjokes.It’shardtobeatoughguywhensomebody’sunclehasjust____29____youintocheckingyourshoelacesforcountlesstimes,onlytofindthattheyarenot,infact,untied.SinceDadsonDutyarrivedoncampus,gangbattleshave____30____declined.“Theschoolhasbeen____31____,youcanfeelit,”saidonestudent.AnothertoldtheWashingtonPost,“They____32____allthekidslikewe’retheirownchildren.”Thedadsa