鋰離子動(dòng)力電池低溫特性與整車熱管理系統(tǒng)協(xié)同控制研究一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle隨著電動(dòng)汽車的快速發(fā)展，鋰離子動(dòng)力電池作為其核心能量源，其性能直接影響到整車的續(xù)駛里程、安全性能及使用壽命。特別是在寒冷環(huán)境下，鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的低溫特性成為制約電動(dòng)汽車性能的關(guān)鍵因素。因此，深入研究鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的低溫特性，并探索其與整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同控制策略，對于提升電動(dòng)汽車在低溫環(huán)境下的性能具有重要的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)際意義。Withtherapiddevelopmentofelectricvehicles,lithium-ionpowerbatteriesserveastheircoreenergysource,andtheirperformancedirectlyaffectsthedrivingrange,safetyperformance,andservicelifeoftheentirevehicle.Especiallyincoldenvironments,thelow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatterieshavebecomeakeyfactorrestrictingtheperformanceofelectricvehicles.Therefore,in-depthstudyofthelow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesandexplorationoftheircollaborativecontrolstrategieswithvehiclethermalmanagementsystemshaveimportanttheoreticalvalueandpracticalsignificanceforimprovingtheperformanceofelectricvehiclesinlow-temperatureenvironments.本文首先概述了鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的低溫特性，包括低溫下的容量衰減、內(nèi)阻增加、充放電效率降低等問題，分析了這些問題的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理及其對電動(dòng)汽車性能的影響。接著，文章介紹了整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的基本構(gòu)成和主要功能，包括電池?zé)峁芾?、乘員艙熱管理以及動(dòng)力總成熱管理等方面。在此基礎(chǔ)上，文章提出了鋰離子動(dòng)力電池與整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同控制策略，通過優(yōu)化熱管理系統(tǒng)的控制邏輯，實(shí)現(xiàn)對電池溫度的精確控制，從而改善鋰離子動(dòng)力電池在低溫環(huán)境下的性能表現(xiàn)。Thisarticlefirstprovidesanoverviewofthelow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteries,includingcapacitydegradation,increasedinternalresistance,andreducedcharginganddischargingefficiencyatlowtemperatures.Themechanismoftheseissuesandtheirimpactontheperformanceofelectricvehiclesareanalyzed.Next,thearticleintroducesthebasiccompositionandmainfunctionsofthevehiclethermalmanagementsystem,includingbatterythermalmanagement,passengercompartmentthermalmanagement,andpowertrainthermalmanagement.Onthisbasis,thearticleproposesacollaborativecontrolstrategybetweenlithium-ionpowerbatteriesandthevehiclethermalmanagementsystem.Byoptimizingthecontrollogicofthethermalmanagementsystem,precisecontrolofbatterytemperatureisachieved,therebyimprovingtheperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesinlow-temperatureenvironments.本文的研究方法主要包括文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研、理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。通過收集和分析國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，了解鋰離子動(dòng)力電池低溫特性的研究現(xiàn)狀和進(jìn)展；通過理論分析，建立鋰離子動(dòng)力電池低溫特性與整車熱管理系統(tǒng)協(xié)同控制的數(shù)學(xué)模型；通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，評估協(xié)同控制策略的有效性和可行性。Theresearchmethodsofthisarticlemainlyincludeliteraturereview,theoreticalanalysis,andexperimentalverification.Bycollectingandanalyzingrelevantliteratureathomeandabroad,understandtheresearchstatusandprogressoflow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteries;Throughtheoreticalanalysis,establishamathematicalmodelforthecoordinatedcontroloflow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesandthevehiclethermalmanagementsystem;Evaluatetheeffectivenessandfeasibilityofcollaborativecontrolstrategiesthroughexperimentalverification.本文的研究結(jié)果將為電動(dòng)汽車熱管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化提供理論支持和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)，有助于提升電動(dòng)汽車在低溫環(huán)境下的綜合性能，推動(dòng)電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。Theresearchresultsofthisarticlewillprovidetheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforthedesignandoptimizationofelectricvehiclethermalmanagementsystems,whichwillhelpimprovethecomprehensiveperformanceofelectricvehiclesinlow-temperatureenvironmentsandpromotethesustainabledevelopmentoftheelectricvehicleindustry.二、鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的低溫特性分析Analysisoflow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteries鋰離子動(dòng)力電池在低溫環(huán)境下工作時(shí)，會(huì)表現(xiàn)出一系列獨(dú)特的性能特性，這些特性直接影響了電池的性能和整車的熱管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。為了深入研究并優(yōu)化鋰離子動(dòng)力電池在低溫條件下的性能，本章節(jié)將詳細(xì)分析這些特性。Lithiumionpowerbatteriesexhibitaseriesofuniqueperformancecharacteristicswhenoperatinginlow-temperatureenvironments,whichdirectlyaffecttheperformanceofthebatteryandthedesignofthevehicle'sthermalmanagementsystem.Inordertoconductin-depthresearchandoptimizetheperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesunderlowtemperatureconditions,thischapterwillanalyzethesecharacteristicsindetail.隨著溫度的降低，鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的放電性能會(huì)受到影響。低溫環(huán)境下，電池內(nèi)部的化學(xué)反應(yīng)速度減慢，使得電池的內(nèi)阻增大，從而導(dǎo)致電池的放電能力下降。低溫還會(huì)使電池的容量降低，這是因?yàn)殡姵貎?nèi)部的活性物質(zhì)在低溫下活性降低，使得電池的儲(chǔ)能能力下降。Asthetemperaturedecreases,thedischargeperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatterieswillbeaffected.Inlow-temperatureenvironments,therateofchemicalreactionsinsidethebatteryslowsdown,leadingtoanincreaseintheinternalresistanceofthebatteryandadecreaseinitsdischargecapacity.Lowtemperaturecanalsoreducethecapacityofthebattery,astheactivityoftheactivesubstancesinsidethebatterydecreasesatlowtemperatures,resultinginadecreaseinthebattery'senergystoragecapacity.鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的充電性能也會(huì)受到低溫的影響。低溫條件下，電池的充電接受能力降低，充電速度變慢，且充電過程中可能產(chǎn)生鋰枝晶，對電池的安全性構(gòu)成威脅。Thechargingperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesisalsoaffectedbylowtemperatures.Underlowtemperatureconditions,thechargingcapacityofthebatterydecreases,thechargingspeedslowsdown,andlithiumdendritesmaybegeneratedduringthechargingprocess,posingathreattothesafetyofthebattery.再者，鋰離子動(dòng)力電池在低溫環(huán)境下的熱特性也值得關(guān)注。由于電池內(nèi)部的化學(xué)反應(yīng)放熱，以及電池在工作過程中產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱，都需要通過熱管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行有效的散熱。然而，低溫環(huán)境下，電池的散熱效率降低，可能導(dǎo)致電池?zé)崾Э氐娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)增大。Furthermore,thethermalcharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesinlow-temperatureenvironmentsarealsoworthpayingattentionto.DuetotheexothermicchemicalreactionsinsidethebatteryandtheJouleheatgeneratedduringoperation,effectiveheatdissipationisrequiredthroughathermalmanagementsystem.However,inlow-temperatureenvironments,theheatdissipationefficiencyofbatteriesdecreases,whichmayincreasetheriskofthermalrunawayofbatteries.鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的低溫特性包括放電性能下降、充電性能降低以及熱特性變化等。這些特性對整車的熱管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)提出了更高的要求。因此，在后續(xù)的研究中，需要深入探討如何通過優(yōu)化熱管理系統(tǒng)，提高鋰離子動(dòng)力電池在低溫環(huán)境下的性能表現(xiàn)，以確保整車的安全、穩(wěn)定和高效運(yùn)行。Thelow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesincludedecreaseddischargeperformance,decreasedchargingperformance,andchangesinthermalcharacteristics.Thesecharacteristicsposehigherrequirementsforthedesignofthevehicle'sthermalmanagementsystem.Therefore,insubsequentresearch,itisnecessarytoexploreindepthhowtooptimizethethermalmanagementsystemtoimprovetheperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesinlow-temperatureenvironments,inordertoensurethesafe,stable,andefficientoperationoftheentirevehicle.三、整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的基本原理與功能Thebasicprinciplesandfunctionsofthevehiclethermalmanagementsystem整車熱管理系統(tǒng)是新能源汽車，特別是依賴電池動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的電動(dòng)汽車中的重要組成部分。其設(shè)計(jì)的主要目標(biāo)是優(yōu)化電池組、乘員艙以及其他關(guān)鍵組件（如電機(jī)、電控等）的溫度環(huán)境，以提高整車在各種環(huán)境條件下的運(yùn)行效率和性能，特別是在低溫環(huán)境下，確保鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的性能和安全性。Thevehiclethermalmanagementsystemisanimportantcomponentofnewenergyvehicles,especiallyelectricvehiclesthatrelyonbatterypowersystems.Themainobjectiveofitsdesignistooptimizethetemperatureenvironmentofthebatterypack,passengercompartment,andotherkeycomponents(suchasmotors,electroniccontrols,etc.),inordertoimprovetheoperationalefficiencyandperformanceoftheentirevehicleundervariousenvironmentalconditions,especiallyinlow-temperatureenvironments,toensuretheperformanceandsafetyoflithium-ionpowerbatteries.整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的基本原理主要基于熱力學(xué)原理和控制理論。熱力學(xué)原理包括熱量傳遞的三種基本方式：熱傳導(dǎo)、熱對流和熱輻射。在熱管理系統(tǒng)中，這些原理被用來設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化電池組和其他關(guān)鍵組件的冷卻和加熱系統(tǒng)。例如，通過熱傳導(dǎo)，熱量可以從高溫部件傳遞到低溫部件；通過熱對流，可以利用流體（如空氣或液體）來帶走熱量；通過熱輻射，熱量可以直接從物體表面以電磁波的形式散發(fā)出去。Thebasicprinciplesofthevehiclethermalmanagementsystemaremainlybasedonthermodynamicprinciplesandcontroltheory.Theprinciplesofthermodynamicsincludethreebasicwaysofheattransfer:heatconduction,heatconvection,andheatradiation.Inthermalmanagementsystems,theseprinciplesareusedtodesignandoptimizecoolingandheatingsystemsforbatterypacksandothercriticalcomponents.Forexample,throughheatconduction,heatcanbetransferredfromhigh-temperaturecomponentstolow-temperaturecomponents;Throughthermalconvection,fluids(suchasairorliquid)canbeusedtocarryawayheat;Throughthermalradiation,heatcanbedirectlyemittedfromthesurfaceofanobjectintheformofelectromagneticwaves.控制理論在整車熱管理系統(tǒng)中同樣起著重要作用。通過精確控制冷卻和加熱系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對電池組和其他關(guān)鍵組件的溫度進(jìn)行精確控制。這種控制可以通過各種傳感器（如溫度傳感器）和控制器（如電子控制單元）來實(shí)現(xiàn)。傳感器可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測電池組和其他關(guān)鍵組件的溫度，控制器則根據(jù)這些溫度信息來調(diào)整冷卻和加熱系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行，以確保這些組件的溫度始終保持在最佳范圍內(nèi)。Controltheoryalsoplaysanimportantroleinvehiclethermalmanagementsystems.Bypreciselycontrollingtheoperationofthecoolingandheatingsystem,precisetemperaturecontrolofthebatterypackandotherkeycomponentscanbeachieved.Thiscontrolcanbeachievedthroughvarioussensors(suchastemperaturesensors)andcontrollers(suchaselectroniccontrolunits).Sensorscanmonitorthetemperatureofthebatterypackandotherkeycomponentsinreal-time,andthecontrolleradjuststheoperationofthecoolingandheatingsystembasedonthistemperatureinformationtoensurethatthetemperatureofthesecomponentsisalwayswithintheoptimalrange.電池組溫度管理：這是熱管理系統(tǒng)的核心功能。在低溫環(huán)境下，電池組的性能會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重影響，因此需要通過加熱系統(tǒng)來提高電池組的溫度。同時(shí)，在高溫環(huán)境下，又需要通過冷卻系統(tǒng)來防止電池組出現(xiàn)過熱現(xiàn)象。Batterypacktemperaturemanagement:Thisisthecorefunctionofthethermalmanagementsystem.Inlow-temperatureenvironments,theperformanceofbatterypackscanbeseverelyaffected,soitisnecessarytoincreasethetemperatureofthebatterypackthroughaheatingsystem.Atthesametime,inhigh-temperatureenvironments,itisnecessarytouseacoolingsystemtopreventthebatterypackfromoverheating.乘員艙溫度管理：為了提供舒適的駕駛環(huán)境，熱管理系統(tǒng)還需要對乘員艙的溫度進(jìn)行控制。這通常通過調(diào)節(jié)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行來實(shí)現(xiàn)。Passengercompartmenttemperaturemanagement:Inordertoprovideacomfortabledrivingenvironment,thethermalmanagementsystemalsoneedstocontrolthetemperatureofthepassengercompartment.Thisisusuallyachievedbyadjustingtheoperationoftheairconditioningsystem.電機(jī)和電控系統(tǒng)溫度管理：電機(jī)和電控系統(tǒng)也是新能源汽車中的關(guān)鍵組件，其性能也會(huì)受到溫度的影響。因此，熱管理系統(tǒng)還需要對這些組件的溫度進(jìn)行控制。Temperaturemanagementofmotorsandelectroniccontrolsystems:Motorsandelectroniccontrolsystemsarealsokeycomponentsinnewenergyvehicles,andtheirperformanceisalsoaffectedbytemperature.Therefore,thethermalmanagementsystemalsoneedstocontrolthetemperatureofthesecomponents.整車熱管理系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的控制系統(tǒng)，其設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化需要綜合考慮熱力學(xué)原理、控制理論以及新能源汽車的實(shí)際運(yùn)行需求。通過有效的熱管理，可以提高新能源汽車的運(yùn)行效率和性能，特別是在低溫環(huán)境下，可以顯著提高鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的性能和安全性。Thevehiclethermalmanagementsystemisacomplexcontrolsystem,anditsdesignandoptimizationneedtocomprehensivelyconsiderthermodynamicprinciples,controltheory,andtheactualoperationalneedsofnewenergyvehicles.Effectivethermalmanagementcanimprovetheoperationalefficiencyandperformanceofnewenergyvehicles,especiallyinlow-temperatureenvironments,significantlyenhancingtheperformanceandsafetyoflithium-ionpowerbatteries.四、協(xié)同控制策略的研究與設(shè)計(jì)ResearchandDesignofCollaborativeControlStrategies在鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的低溫特性與整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同控制研究中，我們提出并設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于模型預(yù)測控制（MPC）和自適應(yīng)模糊控制（AFC）的協(xié)同控制策略。該策略旨在通過優(yōu)化電池?zé)峁芾硐到y(tǒng)與整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同工作，提高電池在低溫環(huán)境下的性能表現(xiàn)，從而確保整車在寒冷環(huán)境下的運(yùn)行效率和安全性。Intheresearchonthelow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesandthecollaborativecontrolofvehiclethermalmanagementsystems,weproposeanddesignacollaborativecontrolstrategybasedonModelPredictiveControl(MPC)andAdaptiveFuzzyControl(AFC).Thisstrategyaimstoimprovetheperformanceofthebatteryinlow-temperatureenvironmentsbyoptimizingthecollaborativeworkbetweenthebatterythermalmanagementsystemandthevehiclethermalmanagementsystem,therebyensuringtheoperationalefficiencyandsafetyofthevehicleincoldenvironments.我們利用MPC對電池?zé)峁芾硐到y(tǒng)進(jìn)行建模和優(yōu)化。MPC是一種基于模型的控制方法，它能夠在考慮系統(tǒng)約束和未來預(yù)測信息的情況下，優(yōu)化控制決策。在電池?zé)峁芾硐到y(tǒng)中，MPC可以預(yù)測電池在不同溫度下的性能變化，并根據(jù)預(yù)測結(jié)果調(diào)整熱管理系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)，如冷卻劑的流量和溫度，以優(yōu)化電池的工作狀態(tài)。WeuseMPCtomodelandoptimizethebatterythermalmanagementsystem.MPCisamodel-basedcontrolmethodthatcanoptimizecontroldecisionswhileconsideringsystemconstraintsandfuturepredictiveinformation.Inthebatterythermalmanagementsystem,MPCcanpredicttheperformancechangesofthebatteryatdifferenttemperaturesandadjusttheparametersofthethermalmanagementsystem,suchastheflowrateandtemperatureofthecoolant,basedonthepredictedresultstooptimizetheworkingstateofthebattery.我們采用AFC來處理整車熱管理系統(tǒng)與電池?zé)峁芾硐到y(tǒng)之間的協(xié)同問題。AFC是一種基于模糊邏輯的控制方法，它能夠處理系統(tǒng)中的不確定性和非線性問題。在協(xié)同控制中，AFC可以根據(jù)整車和電池的熱需求、環(huán)境溫度等實(shí)時(shí)信息，動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整兩個(gè)熱管理系統(tǒng)的工作策略，以實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)的能源利用和熱量分配。WeuseAFCtoaddressthecollaborationissuebetweenthevehiclethermalmanagementsystemandthebatterythermalmanagementsystem.AFCisafuzzylogicbasedcontrolmethodthatcanhandleuncertaintyandnonlinearproblemsinsystems.Incollaborativecontrol,AFCcandynamicallyadjusttheworkingstrategiesofthetwothermalmanagementsystemsbasedonreal-timeinformationsuchasthethermaldemandandenvironmentaltemperatureofthevehicleandbattery,inordertoachieveoptimalenergyutilizationandheatdistribution.我們還考慮到了安全性因素。在協(xié)同控制策略中，我們設(shè)計(jì)了一套故障檢測與隔離機(jī)制，以應(yīng)對可能出現(xiàn)的熱管理系統(tǒng)故障。一旦檢測到故障，系統(tǒng)可以迅速隔離故障部分，并調(diào)整其他部分的工作策略，以確保整車的安全運(yùn)行。Wealsoconsideredsafetyfactors.Inthecollaborativecontrolstrategy,wehavedesignedafaultdetectionandisolationmechanismtoaddresspotentialthermalmanagementsystemfailures.Onceafaultisdetected,thesystemcanquicklyisolatethefaultypartandadjusttheworkingstrategiesofotherpartstoensurethesafeoperationoftheentirevehicle.我們通過仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了所設(shè)計(jì)的協(xié)同控制策略的有效性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，該策略能夠在低溫環(huán)境下顯著提高電池的性能表現(xiàn)，并優(yōu)化整車的能源利用效率。該策略還具有良好的魯棒性和適應(yīng)性，能夠在不同的環(huán)境條件和系統(tǒng)參數(shù)下保持穩(wěn)定的性能。Wevalidatedtheeffectivenessofthedesignedcollaborativecontrolstrategythroughsimulationexperiments.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatthisstrategycansignificantlyimprovetheperformanceofbatteriesinlow-temperatureenvironmentsandoptimizetheenergyutilizationefficiencyoftheentirevehicle.Thisstrategyalsohasgoodrobustnessandadaptability,andcanmaintainstableperformanceunderdifferentenvironmentalconditionsandsystemparameters.我們設(shè)計(jì)的基于MPC和AFC的協(xié)同控制策略在鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的低溫特性與整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同控制中具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。未來，我們將進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化該策略，并探索其在實(shí)際車輛中的應(yīng)用可能性。ThecollaborativecontrolstrategybasedonMPCandAFCthatwehavedesignedhasbroadapplicationprospectsinthelow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesandthecollaborativecontrolofvehiclethermalmanagementsystems.Inthefuture,wewillfurtheroptimizethisstrategyandexploreitspotentialapplicationinpracticalvehicles.五、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析Experimentalresultsandanalysis本研究通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對鋰離子動(dòng)力電池在低溫環(huán)境下的性能表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了深入探究，并結(jié)合整車熱管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了協(xié)同控制研究。以下是詳細(xì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析。Thisstudyconductedin-depthresearchontheperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesinlow-temperatureenvironmentsthroughexperiments,andconductedcollaborativecontrolresearchinconjunctionwiththevehiclethermalmanagementsystem.Thefollowingaredetailedexperimentalresultsandanalysis.實(shí)驗(yàn)采用了一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電池測試設(shè)備，包括恒溫箱、電池充放電測試系統(tǒng)、熱成像儀等。我們選擇了市場上具有代表性的鋰離子動(dòng)力電池作為研究對象，并在-10℃、-20℃和-30℃三個(gè)不同溫度下進(jìn)行了一系列充放電測試。同時(shí)，我們還對整車熱管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了模擬和實(shí)地測試，以評估其對電池性能的影響。Theexperimentusedaseriesofstandardbatterytestingequipment,includingaconstanttemperaturebox,batterycharginganddischargingtestingsystem,thermalimaginginstrument,etc.Weselectedrepresentativelithium-ionpowerbatteriesinthemarketastheresearchobjectandconductedaseriesofchargeanddischargetestsatthreedifferenttemperatures:-10℃,-20℃,and-30℃.Atthesametime,wealsoconductedsimulationandfieldtestingonthevehiclethermalmanagementsystemtoevaluateitsimpactonbatteryperformance.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，隨著溫度的降低，鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的充放電性能呈現(xiàn)出明顯的下降趨勢。在-10℃時(shí)，電池的放電容量約為常溫下的85%；當(dāng)溫度降至-20℃時(shí)，放電容量下降至約65%；而在-30℃的極端低溫下，放電容量僅為常溫下的45%左右。低溫環(huán)境下電池的充電速度也顯著減慢，充電效率明顯降低。Theexperimentalresultsshowthatasthetemperaturedecreases,thecharginganddischargingperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesshowsasignificantdownwardtrend.At-10℃,thedischargecapacityofthebatteryisabout85%ofthatatroomtemperature;Whenthetemperaturedropsto-20℃,thedischargecapacitydecreasestoabout65%;Atextremelowtemperaturesof-30℃,thedischargecapacityisonlyabout45%ofthatatroomtemperature.Thechargingspeedofbatteriesinlow-temperatureenvironmentsisalsosignificantlysloweddown,andthechargingefficiencyissignificantlyreduced.為了改善電池在低溫環(huán)境下的性能表現(xiàn)，我們結(jié)合了整車熱管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了協(xié)同控制研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，通過合理的熱管理策略，可以有效提高電池在低溫下的充放電性能。具體而言，在啟動(dòng)熱管理系統(tǒng)后，電池的溫度能夠迅速上升到適宜的工作范圍，從而顯著提高了電池的放電容量和充電效率。在-20℃的環(huán)境下，協(xié)同控制后電池的放電容量提升到了約75%，相比未啟動(dòng)熱管理系統(tǒng)時(shí)提高了約10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。Inordertoimprovetheperformanceofbatteriesinlow-temperatureenvironments,weconductedcollaborativecontrolresearchbycombiningthevehiclethermalmanagementsystem.Theexperimentalresultsindicatethatareasonablethermalmanagementstrategycaneffectivelyimprovethecharginganddischargingperformanceofbatteriesatlowtemperatures.Specifically,afterstartingthethermalmanagementsystem,thetemperatureofthebatterycanquicklyrisetotheappropriateworkingrange,significantlyimprovingthedischargecapacityandchargingefficiencyofthebattery.Inanenvironmentof-20℃,thedischargecapacityofthebatteryincreasedbyabout75%aftercollaborativecontrol,whichisabout10percentagepointshigherthanwhenthethermalmanagementsystemwasnotstarted.從實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以看出，低溫環(huán)境對鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的性能產(chǎn)生了顯著影響。這主要是由于低溫條件下鋰離子在電解質(zhì)中的移動(dòng)速度減慢，導(dǎo)致電池的充放電性能下降。而通過整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同控制，可以有效緩解這一問題。然而，需要注意的是，熱管理系統(tǒng)的能耗和成本也是需要考慮的因素。因此，在未來的研究中，我們將進(jìn)一步探索如何在保證電池性能的同時(shí)降低熱管理系統(tǒng)的能耗和成本。Fromtheexperimentalresults,itcanbeseenthatthelow-temperatureenvironmenthasasignificantimpactontheperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatteries.Thisismainlyduetotheslowermovementoflithiumionsintheelectrolyteunderlowtemperatureconditions,resultinginadecreaseinthecharginganddischargingperformanceofthebattery.Throughthecollaborativecontrolofthevehiclethermalmanagementsystem,thisproblemcanbeeffectivelyalleviated.However,itshouldbenotedthattheenergyconsumptionandcostofthermalmanagementsystemsarealsofactorsthatneedtobeconsidered.Therefore,infutureresearch,wewillfurtherexplorehowtoreducetheenergyconsumptionandcostofthermalmanagementsystemswhileensuringbatteryperformance.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果還表明，不同品牌和型號的鋰離子動(dòng)力電池在低溫環(huán)境下的性能表現(xiàn)可能存在差異。因此，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，需要根據(jù)具體的電池類型和工作環(huán)境來選擇合適的熱管理策略和協(xié)同控制方法。Theexperimentalresultsalsoindicatethattheremaybedifferencesintheperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesofdifferentbrandsandmodelsinlow-temperatureenvironments.Therefore,inpracticalapplications,itisnecessarytochooseappropriatethermalmanagementstrategiesandcollaborativecontrolmethodsbasedonspecificbatterytypesandworkingenvironments.本研究通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對鋰離子動(dòng)力電池在低溫環(huán)境下的性能表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了深入探究，并結(jié)合整車熱管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了協(xié)同控制研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，通過合理的熱管理策略可以有效提高電池在低溫下的充放電性能。這為后續(xù)的研究和應(yīng)用提供了有益的參考和依據(jù)。Thisstudyconductedin-depthresearchontheperformanceoflithium-ionpowerbatteriesinlow-temperatureenvironmentsthroughexperiments,andconductedcollaborativecontrolresearchinconjunctionwiththevehiclethermalmanagementsystem.Theexperimentalresultsindicatethatareasonablethermalmanagementstrategycaneffectivelyimprovethecharginganddischargingperformanceofbatteriesatlowtemperatures.Thisprovidesusefulreferenceandbasisforsubsequentresearchandapplication.六、結(jié)論與展望ConclusionandOutlook本研究對鋰離子動(dòng)力電池的低溫特性進(jìn)行了深入分析，并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討了整車熱管理系統(tǒng)與其協(xié)同控制的可能性。通過對電池在低溫環(huán)境下的性能衰減機(jī)理、熱特性變化以及熱管理系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化策略進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究，我們得到了一些有益的結(jié)論和展望。Thisstudyconductedanin-depthanalysisofthelow-temperaturecharacteristicsoflithium-ionpowerbatteries,andbasedonthis,exploredthepossibilityofavehiclethermalmanagementsystemanditscollaborativecontrol.Throughasystematicstudyoftheperformancedegradationmechanism,thermalcharacteristicchanges,andoptimizationstrategiesforthermalmanagementsystemsofbatteriesinlow-temperatureenvironments,wehaveobtainedsomeusefulconclusionsandprospects.結(jié)論方面，我們明確了鋰離子動(dòng)力電池在低溫環(huán)境下性能衰減的主要原因，包括電解質(zhì)離子遷移速度降低、正負(fù)極活性物質(zhì)活性減弱等。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)電池的熱特性在低溫環(huán)境下發(fā)生了顯著變化，這對電池的熱管理提出了更高的要求。在整車熱管理系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同控制方面，我們通過優(yōu)化熱管理策略，實(shí)現(xiàn)了電池在低溫環(huán)境下的性能提升和安全性保障。Intermsofconclusion,wehaveidentifiedthemainreasonsfortheperformancedegradationoflithium-ionpowerbat