EXECUTIVE

COMPANION/Prompt

Whatwillsmarttechnologyinthefuturelooklike?TECHNOVISIONPROMPTTHEFUTURE2024TECHNOVISION

2024/Promptthefuture0710130811152TechnoVision2024:

ExecutiveCompanionTABLE

OFCONTENTS0506INTRODUCTIONWHICHTECHNOLOGY(MEGA)TRENDSWILLSEEINFLECTIONPOINTSIN2024?Generative

Arti?cial

Intelligence–SmallWill

Be

the

New

BigQuantumTechnology–WhenCyberMeets

QuantumSemiconductors

–Moore’sLaw

Isn’tDead,But

It

Is

ChangingBatteries

–The

Powerof

New

Chemistry070810111315SpaceTech–Addressingthe

Earth’sChallengesfromOuterSpaceBeyond

2024

–Other

TechnologiesShapingthe

Next5Years161922TECHNOVISION2024

SUMMARIZEDTECHNOVISION2024:

WHAT’S

NEW?FURTHERRESEARCH3/Prompt

Whatwillsmarttechnologyinthefuturelooklike?4TechnoVision2024:

ExecutiveCompanionINTRODUCTIONThequote“We

shapeourtechnologiesandafterwards

ourtechnologiesshapeus”echoesWinstonChurchill’sfamouswordsduringthereconstructionoftheCommonsChamberin1943,afteritsdestructionbyincendiary

bombsintheBlitz.Churchill,emphasizingthesigni?canceoftheChamber’s

adversarialrectangularpattern,believedthatitsshapewascrucialforBritain’stwo-partysystemandparliamentary

democracy.Similarly,wecouldarguethatweareinevitablyshapedbythetechnologieswecreate.Technology’sprimary

roleistoaugmentandenhancehumanabilities,atraitdistinguishinghumansfrommostmammals.However,weoftenoverlookhowtechnology,inturn,in?uencesourbehavior,organizations,andsociety.A

criticalquestionarises:Howwilltechnologyshapeourworldin2024andbeyond?Forover15yearsnow,Capgemini’sTechnoVisionhasbeenexploringthisquestionbutsofarithasmainlyfocusedonITTrends.Thisyearwedecidedtoadda

companiontoourTechnoVisionfullreport,

takinga

widerviewoftechnologiesthataremovingtheworld.Overall,ourintentisnottobuildfuturisticforecasts;weseeTechnoVisionasa

tooltofacilitatestrategicdialoguebetweentechnologistsandbusinessleaders,helpingtoidentify

prioritiesandopportunitiesforbusinessoperationsanddigitalsystemsdevelopment.TechnoVisionaimstobetheguiding‘NorthStar’

inthedualtransformationtowardsa

digitalandsustainableeconomy.Thisjourneyinvolvesnumeroustechnologicalandbusinessdecisions,mademorecomplexbytheurgentneedforstrategicchoicesthatmightseemsimpleat?rstglancebutoftenhavefar-reachingimplications.GenerativeAI,whichtooktheworldbystormin2023,isexpectedtocontinueshapingthefuture.Alongsidethis,severalotherkeytechnologymegatrendsarecriticalfordecision-makersplanningforthefuture.Thisisthestartingpointofourdiscussion,leadingtothe37trendsoutlinedinTechnoVision2024.Together,thesetrendswillprovideinsightsforshapingthefutureanddeterminingthenecessary

‘prompts’fororganizationsin2024toturntheirvisionsintoreality.MICHIELBOREELPASCAL

BRIERExecutiveVicePresidentandGlobalChiefTechnologyO?ceratSogeti,partofCapgeminiGroupChiefInnovationO?cerandmemberoftheGlobalExecutiveCommittee5WHICH

TECHNOLOGY(MEGA)TRENDS

WILL

SEEINFLECTION

POINTS

IN

2024?Whenitcomestoshapingthefuture,alltechnologytrendsmightholdequalsigni?cance,asforecastingisoftena

challenging,ifnotanimpossibletask.However,certaintrendsemergeasmoreprominentduetotheiranticipatedsubstantialimpactandtheexpectationofsigni?cantbreakthroughsinthenearfuture.Wehavepinpointed?vesuchprominenttechnologymegatrendsthatshouldhavein?ectionpointsin2024:Generative

Arti?cialIntelligence

–

SmallwillbethenewbigQuantumTechnology–

Whencyber

meetsQuantumSemiconductors

–

Moore’sLaw

isn’t

dead,butitischangingBatteries

–

Thepower

ofnewchemistrySpaceTech–

Addressing

theearth’s

challengesfromouter

space6TechnoVision2024:

ExecutiveCompanionGENER

ATIVE

AI

–

SMALLWILL

BE

THE

NEW

BIGIn2024,willGenerativeAIliveuptothemassiveamountofhypeithasgenerated?Theshortanswerisyes.GenerativeAIhasmadea

crashingentranceintheglobaltechnologyandbusinessconversationinlate2022and2023,withexpectationsofsigni?cantbusinessimpact.Butthispopularityalsohighlightedsomeofthedrawbacksofgeneral-purposeLargeLanguageModels(LLMs).Onenotableproblemhasbeenthetendency

ofsomeofthesemodelsto‘hallucinate’,inotherwords,tooccasionallyproduceoutputsthatareunexpected,irrelevant,

nonsensical,ordisconnectedfromtheinputtheyreceived.In2023,thesolutionhasmostlybeentobuildbiggerandbiggermodels,withmoredata,moreparameters,andmorecomputingpowerbehindthem.Butthistrendisnotin?nitelysustainable,norisitsuitedforallusecases.WhilecurrentLLMswillcontinuetothrive,thereisalsoanincreasingneedforsmaller,morecost-e?cient,andspecializedmodels.Forexample,wewillseesector-speci?cmodelsforadvancedusecasesinmedicine,engineering,education,andmanyothers.Wecanalsoanticipatedomain-speci?cmodels,tailoredforspeci?ctasks(likeadvancedcodingassistants).Thesemodelswillgetsmallerandsmallertorunonlow-footprintinstallationswithlimitedprocessingcapabilities,includingontheedgeorsmallerenterprisearchitectures.Why

it

matters:

ThedevelopmentsinGenerativeAIareindicatinganevolutiontowardsa

moreaccessible,versatile,andcost-e?ective

technology.TheinnovationsmentionedbeforewillenableorganizationstoscaletheirGenerativeAIusecasesfasterwhilealsoderivingmorelong-termvaluefromthetechnology.Inaddition,forusecaseswherefactualityandcorrectnessmatter,thecapabilitiesofLLMswillbeenhancedbyintegratingstructuredknowledgefromknowledgegraphs.Thispromisingcombinationcanimprovetheaccuracy,relevanceanddepthofinformationprovidedbyLLMs.In2024,wewillseemoreandmoreAIsystemsthatnotonlyhaveadeepunderstandingofnaturallanguagebutarealsoanchoredinstructured,factualknowledge,makingthemmorereliableande?ectivefora

widerangeofapplications.Things/projects

to

watch

for:

‘Small

beingthenewbig’mayseemparadoxical,butit'ssettobecomea

reality.ThequestisonforsmallerLLMsthatrequiresigni?cantlylessresourcestotrainandoperate,whilegeneratinglessfalseinformation(theso-calledhallucinations),propagatingfewersocialstereotypes,andproducinglesstoxiclanguage.Themission:makeAImodelscomputee?cient,

helpful,andtrustworthy.InnovationslikeStanford’sAlpaca,andEuropeanventuressuchasMistralAIandAlephAlpha,areleadingthismovementbutMicrosoftandGooglearealsoenteringthearenawithOrcaandGeminiNano.Insupportofallthis,newplatformsareemerging,providingtoolsforcompaniestoleverageGenerativeAIwithouttheneedfordeepinternaltechnicalexpertise.Thiswilllead,inthelongrun,tothecreationofinterconnectednetworksofmodelsdesignedand?ne-tunedforspeci?ctasks,andtothedevelopmentoftruemulti-agentgenerativeecosystems.7QUANTUMTECHNOLOGY

–WHEN

CYBER

MEETSQUANTUMEntering2024,quantumcomputinghasde?nitivelylefttheeraoftheoreticalexplorationandentereda‘utility-scale’quantumcomputationage.As

de?nedbyIBM,‘utility-scale’quantumcomputersprovidecomputingcapabilitiesbeyondthereachofclassicalcomputationsandopena

doortoa

quantumisstillmanyyearsaway.Nonetheless,2024willseevariousclaimsofa

narrowquantumadvantageinspecializedtaskswithinlargerconventionalcomputationalwork?ows.Boostedbyearlysuccesses,broaderquantumadvantageswillappearinthecomingyears.Drivenbytheprospectofquantumadvantageinthenearfuture,companies,startups,andresearchinstitutesareracingto?ndthe?rstreal-worldapplications.Keyareasinclude:advantageinreal-worldcommercialquantumapplications.As

signi?cantchallengesinqubitqualityremain,a

large-scale,broadquantumadvantage8TechnoVision2024:

ExecutiveCompanion?

Condensed

Matter

Physics:

Understanding

the

behaviorof

complex

materials

at

a

quantum

level

can

revolutionizematerial

science

and

engineering.Inlate2022,theUSGovernmentenactedthe‘QuantumComputingCybersecurityPreparednessAct,’

whichpromisestocatalyzea

seismicshiftacrossindustries.ThisgroundbreakinglawmandatesthatallprivateentitiesconductingbusinesswiththeUSgovernmentmustmigratetoPQCwithina

yearaftertheNISTstandardsare?nallyreleased.Thisshoulda?ectPQCstandardsglobally.?

Quantum

Chemistry:

Solving

the

Schr?dinger

equation

forlarger

molecules,

which

classical

computers

struggle

with,can

lead

to

drug

discovery

and

materials

breakthroughs.?

Computational

Fluid

Dynamics:

Addressing

thechallenges

in

simulating

?uid

?ow,essential

foraerodynamics

and

climate

modelling.Thereleaseofthe?nalstandard,combinedwiththenewregulationshouldintensify

therushtowardsa

quantum-safefuturein2024.Organizationseverywhere

needtotakeimmediatestepstowardupdatingtheircryptographicsystemsandsoftwaretothenewquantum-safealgorithmsbecauseaveragemigrationwilltakesigni?canttime.Althoughquantumcomputerscapableofbreakingtoday’s

encryptiondonotexistyet,

theriskofbadactorscollectingencrypteddatatodaywiththeintentionofdecrypting

itlater(harvestnow–

decrypt

later),isvery

real.?

Partial

Di?erential

Equations:

These

equations

arefundamental

in

expressing

physical

phenomena

andsolving

them

more

e?ciently

will

provide

value

in

?elds

like?nance

and

engineering.?

Logistics

and

Operations

Research:

Optimizing

supplychains

and

logistics

can

bene?t

from

quantum

computingby

?nding

solutions

to

complex

optimization

problemsmore

quickly.?

Sampling

and

Monte

Carlo

Methods:

Used

in

statisticalphysics

and

?nance,

these

methods

can

be

quadraticallyfaster

on

a

quantum

computer,providing

more

accuratemodels

and

forecasts.As

therushforquantumpreparednessintensi?es,startingaroundmid-2024,industriesrangingfrom?nancetohealthcarewilllikelyinvestheavilyinupgradingtheircybersecurity

infrastructures.Additionally,asquantumcomputersaresupposedtobreakcommonlyusedpublic-keycryptosystems

(suchasRSAandECC)oneday,a

large-scalemigrationtoquantum-safetechnologyisabouttostart.

Drivenbytechnologicalimprovementsandregulatory

pressure,2024promisestobeapivotalyearforquantum-safesolutions.Why

it

matters:

ThisemergingshifttoPostQuantumCryptography

promisestoupendthevery

basisofcybersecurity

standardsglobally.Allbusinessleadersandtechnologyexpertswillbea?ectedbythisapproachingmilestone,whilemoreandmoreorganizationsbegintheirquantumtransition.Alreadyin2017,theNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)

initiateda

publicprocesstoselectquantum-resistantpublic-keycryptographic

algorithmsforstandardization.Theyrealizedthatpublic-keyinfrastructuresarecrucialtodigitaltrust,

protectingeverything

fromwebconnectionsandemailtodigitallysigneddocumentsandcode.Thealgorithmsforasymmetriccryptography

inplacetodayrelyonmathematicallychallengingproblems,suchasfactoringvery

largenumbers,whicharecomputationallydi?cultforcurrentcomputers.Traditionalcomputerswouldtakeyearstobreakthesealgorithms.A

su?cientlypowerfulquantumcomputercouldsolvethesehardmathproblemsina

matterofminutesbyleveragingitsabilitytoprocessmultiplesimultaneousstates.NIST’s

goalistoestablishanewstandardbasedonevenhardermathproblems(e.g.latticecryptography)

thataredi?cultforbothtraditionalandquantumcomputers.To

beclear,quantum-safealgorithmsdonotrequirea

quantumcomputerthemselves;theyprotectagainstanattackleveraginga

quantumcomputerwhentheybecomepowerfulenough.Things/projects

to

watch

for:

Althoughenterprisescalequantumcomputingisprobablystillmanyyearsaway,promisingprogressisbeingmadeinseveralareas.GoogleandIBMbelievecommercialquantumsystems,applyingerrormitigationtechniques,areonlya

fewyearsaway.Bothtechgiantshavealsoreleasedpublicroadmapsreachingonemillionqubits,by2029forGoogleand2030forIBM.Inthemeantime,hybridclassicaland‘noisy’

quantumcomputing(NISQ–

NoisyIntermediate-ScaleQuantum)willdeliverthe?rstpracticaluseinspeci?cproblemareas,whilewewaitforlarge-scalefault-tolerantquantumcomputerstobeavailable.9SEMICONDUCTORS–

MOORE’S

LAWISN’T

DEAD,BUT

IT

ISCHANGINGSimultaneously,thesemiconductorecosystemissettoundergorecon?guration.Thiswillencompasstheestablishmentofnewgigafactories,theadaptationtolocalregulations,theexpansionoffabricationcapacities,theintroductionofnovelbusinessmodels,andenhancedfoundry

services.

Semiconductorcompaniesareexpectedtointensify

theirfocusoncateringtoindustry-speci?cdemandsbyproducingchipsthatsigni?cantlyenhancecustomerexperiences,markinga

newerainsemiconductortechnology.Thesemiconductorindustry

standsonthebrinkofarevolutionary

shiftin2024,in?uencedbyvariousfactorsthatarecollectivelytransformingitsdynamics.Why

it

matters:

Anaccelerateddigitaltransformationisexpectedacrossindustries,enabledbymorepowerfulconnectedobjects,fromsmartphonestoelectricvehiclestodatacentersandtelecoms.Thesetechnologicalbreakthroughswillbere?ectedinshiftsintheecosystemofsemiconductorsitself,withnewgigafactories,regulations,businessmodels,andfoundry

servicesemergingin2024.Throughout2023,therehasbeenanintensediscussionamongexpertsaboutthefutureofMoore's

Law,whichpositsthatthenumberoftransistorsonanintegratedcircuitdoublesapproximatelyevery

twoyears,therebyenhancingthecomputingpowerofa

microchip.As

chiptechnologyapproachesthe2-nanometer(0,0000001cm)scale,withthecostsofmanufacturingexpandingatanexponentialrate,questionsariseaboutthefeasibilityofcontinuingthistrend,especiallyconsideringtheimpendingphysicalconstraintsatthe1-nanometerscale.Things/projects

to

watch

for:

Crammingmorecomponentsontointegratedcircuitswillcometoanendbecauseweareapproachingtheboundariesofphysics.Despitethisinsurmountableasymptoticpeakofphysics,chipdesignisnowcontemplatinga

1.xnanometerscale.However,energyandheatchallengesposesigni?cantchallenges.Inaddition,thecostoffabricationofsuchchipsgrowsaggressively.OneapproachtoimprovingperformanceandlowerenergyuseistoaddAIintothechip(IBMZ

Systems)toreducethemovementofdatatothecomputeandbackandhaveitavailableintheprocessorchipanditscaches.However,2024ispoisedtodemonstratethatMoore'sLawisnotobsoletebutratherundergoingametamorphosis.

We're

likelyto

witness

shifts

in

approach,suchastheadoptionofverticalstackinginmulti-layerstructures,explorationofnon-siliconmaterials,andnewlithographytechniques.Inessence,wecanlabelthistechnologicalshiftasgoingfor'morethanMoore’,i.e.,aimingtosustainthegrowthincomputingpower,evenastraditionalmethodsofchipminiaturizationapproachtheirphysicallimits.OthersuseAItooptimizethepowerconsumptionleveragingperiodsoflesseractivitywherenoteverycomputeresourceisbeingusedtoitsfullest.

AnotherwaytoleverageAIistoassistthesoftwareengineerunderstandthetradeo?betweentheperformanceofthesystemandtheprecisionofthenumbers.Iftheyneedmorebandwidth,theycanreducetheprecision,trainingspeci?callyforreducedprecision,e?ectivelyexchanginga

hardwareproblemfora

softwareproblem.Otherapproachesincludeaddingmorenodesorusingheterogeneousarchitectureslikehandingo?taskstospecializedco-processorslikeGPUs,TPUs,andXPUsexempli?edbyNvidia’sHopper+

Gracesolution,Intel’sSaphireRapids,andFalconShoreplatforms.10

TechnoVision2024:

ExecutiveCompanionBAT

TERIES

–

THE

POWER

OFCHEMISTRY2.

PowerDensity:

Powerdensityreferstotheenergyabattery

canreleaseineachcapacity,withspeci?cpowerdenotingenergyperunitmass.Thechargingrate(C-rate)describesthepowerneededtochargea

battery,

anddischargepowerindicatestheenergyoutputatanymoment.Improvingtheperformanceandreducingthecostsofbatteriesisa

majorfocusforbothbusinessesandgovernments,astheindustrialstakesarehighforeachnation.Theaimistosupportelectricmobilityandacceleratelong-durationenergystorage,whichiscriticaltospeeduptheenergytransitiontorenewablesandtheaccelerationofsmartgrids.Thereare?vekeyperformancecharacteristicsofbatterytechnologyevolution:3.

Lifespan:

Thelifespanofa

battery

decreaseswitheachcharge-dischargecycle,

a?ectingitslongevityandsuitabilityforitsoriginalpurpose.Eventually,batteriesshouldberepurposedorrecycled.4.

Costs:

Costisa

signi?cantfactor,oftencalculatedperkWh.ForEVs,achievingcostparitywithinternalcombustionenginevehiclesiskey,asthebattery

packisthemostexpensivecomponent.1.

Energy

Density:

Energydensityinbatteriesismeasuredintwoways:volumetric(Wh/L)andgravimetric(Wh/kg),indicatingtheenergystoredperunitvolumeormass.Thisiscrucialforelectricvehicles(EV)

andstationary

energystorage,wherebattery

sizeandweightmatter.5.

Safety:

Safetyconcernsariseduetothe?ammableliquidelectrolyteandthermalenergyreleasefromthecathodematerialafterseveralcycles.

ThesesafetyissuescouldhinderthebroaderadoptionofEVsandbattery-basedenergystoragesolutions.11WhileLFP(lithiumferro-phosphate)andNMC(nickelmanganesecobalt)arebecomingstandardforelectricvehicleapplications,severaltechnologiesconcerningthechemistry

ofbatteriesarebeingexplored,suchascobalt-free

(sodium-ion)andsolid-statebatteries,witha

likelyaccelerationin2024.Theprimary

driverforthemarketofsodium-ionbatteriesistheincreaseddemandforenergystoragegeneratedthroughsolarandwind.Marketleadersinthisindustry

areFaradionLimited(UK),NGKInsulatorsLtd(Japan),Tiamat(France),HiNaBatteryTechnologyCo.Ltd(China),andContemporary

AmperexTechnologyCo.Limited(China).Thedevelopmentofsolid-statebatteriesrepresentsa

majorshiftinbattery

technology,primarilyforelectricvehicles,astheyhavehigherenergydensities(i.e.storagecapacity),forapricewhichwillbecomelowerthantraditionalbatteries.Theyalsoreducedependency

onmaterialssuchaslithium,nickel,cobalt,

rare-earthminerals,andgraphite,whilepromisinglongerlifespansandmorerobustsafety.QuantumScape(USA),Toyota

(Japan),SolidPower(USA),Samsung(South-Korea),andLG

Chem(South-Korea)areamongtheleadersinthisrapidlyevolving?eld.Why

it

matters:

Ina

businessworlddrivenbytheenergytransition,the?ghtagainstclimatechange,andorganizationsintransitiontoa

sustainableeconomy,theseemergingdevelopmentsmayo?era

pathwaytowardsbettertradeo?sforthebattery

industry

andmoresustainableuseofmaterials.Things/projects

to

watch

for:

Whenlookingatthistechnologymegatrend,twocategoriesofplayersneedtobedistinguished:theunicornsandthestartups.Amongsttheunicorns,well-establishedcompaniescanberecognizedsuchasTesla(USA),acceleratingthetransitiontoEVsandenergystorage,Northvolt(Sweden),manufacturingLi-ionforEVs,Verkor

(France),manufacturinglow-carbonbatteriesforEVs,QuantumScape(USA),developssolid-statebattery

technologytoincreasetherangeofEV’s,

Freyr(Norway),

manufacturingsemisolidLi-ionbatteriesforenergystorageandEVs,Sila(USA),providerofnano-compositesiliconanodethatpowersbreakthroughenergydensityinEVbatteries,andSESAI(USA),manufacturingofscalable,dense,smartandlightLi-Metalbatteriesforelectrictransportationonlandandinair.Sincebattery

technologyexhibitsgenuinequantummechanicalandquantumchemicalbehavior,itisa

very

naturalareatoapplyquantumcomputing.Severalgovernment-fundedandpromisingprojectsareongoing,anda

largeamountofstartupactivitycanbewitnessed—

e.g.IonQ(USA),psiQuantum(USA),Phasecraft(UK).12

TechnoVision2024:

ExecutiveCompanionSPACETECH

–

ADDRESSINGTHE

EARTH’SCHALLENGESFROM

OUTER

SPACE?

In

the

?eld

of

space

communications

and

networks,

we

cansee

a

surge

of

exciting

projects

such

as

the

developmentof

laser

communication

systems,

hybrid

ground

and

spacenetworks,

or

even

seamless

5G

connectivity

from

space.?

In

Earth

Observation,

we

can

look

forward

to

fascinatingprojects

to

advance

our

understanding

of

the

planet

andits

changing

environment.

In

particular,

the

increasingintegration

of

AI

in

Earth

Observation

is

o?eringmore

e?cient

data

processing,

enhanced

analyticalcapabilities,

and

the

potential

for

new

insights

into

Earth'senvironmental

and

climate-related

challenges.In2024,humanitywillbepreparingtoreturntothemoon.TheNASA

ArtemisIIMission,scheduledfora

November2024launch,willsendastronautsintolunarorbitforthe?rsttimesincethe1972Apollo17mission.Thislandmarkeventisasymbolofa

broaderindustry

trendthatcanbedescribedasanewSpaceAge.?

Simultaneously,

the

Internet

of

Things

is

expanding

intoan

entirely

new

dimension

with

the

development

ofsatellite

constellations.

CubeSats,

ChipSats,

and

othernanosatellites

are

being

launched

in

their

thousands,each

onboarding

its

own

array

of

miniature

sensors

andcommunications

equipment.

An

exponentially

growingvolume

of

data

is

being

collected

and

shared

for

a

varietyof

purposes,

including

gathering

data

on

weather

patternsand

wildlife

migrations.Thisrenewedinterestinspacetechnologiesisdrivenbytwomajorshiftsintheindustry.Firstly,andcontrary

totheSpaceRaceofthe'60sand'70s,itisdrivennotjustbygovernmentagencies,butalsobya

multitudeofprivateactors,fromstartupstocorporations.Secondly,asidefromthemajorscienti?cmissionsheadedtotheMoonorMars,thisraceismostlyheadedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO),inthepursuitofcheaperusecasesandmoreperformance.Allinall,theyear2024issettousherinanarrayofexcitingtechnologicalprojectsinmanydomains:?

There

are

also

several

exciting

projects

at

the

intersectionof

cyber

and

space,

even

in

the

?eld

of

quantumcryptography.

Cybersecurity

in

space

has

become

a

crucialfrontier,

especially

as

the

reliance

on

space-based

assetsfor

both

military

and

civilian

purposes

increases.

There'san

increasing

emphasis

on

improving

cybersecurity

forspace-bound

equipment,

with

strategies

like

Zero

Trustarchitectures,

and

even

research

into

Quantum

KeyDistribution

(QKD).?

Finally,

this

new

space

age

is

driven

by

a

complete‘sustainable

by

design’

philosophy.

This

approachemphasizes

the

importance

of

sustainability

from

theoutset

by

emphasizing

the

development

of

spacecraft

andsatellites

that

are

not

only

more

e?cient

but

also

reducespace

debris.13Alloftheseinnovationssignify

thedawnofa

newepochinspaceexploration,fueledbyrapidtechnologicaladvancementsanda

rekindledinterestfromthepublic.

Thisrenewedinterestinspacetechnologiesaimstodrivescienti?cdiscoveriesandhelpsolvetheearth’smostcriticalchallenges,includingthemonitoringofclimaterisksanddisasters,betteraccesstotelecommunications,aswellasdefenseandsovereignty.13.

Abyom

SpaceTech

(India):

Developingre-ignitablecryogenic

rocketengines.14.

Clear

Space

(Switzerland):

Removingspacedebris.15.

Vyoma

(Germany):

Addressingcollisionavoidance.16.

Ion-X

(France):

Innovatinginelectricpropulsionsystems.17.

Quasar

(Australia):

DevelopingPhasedarraygroundWhy

it

matters:

ThelastSpaceRacerevolutionizedtheworldbyacceleratinggroundbreakinginnovationslikesatellitetechnology,GPS,

integratedcircuits,solarenergy,andcompositematerials.Thisreturntothestarspromisessimilarrevolutionsinthe?eldsofcomputing,telecommunications,andEarthObservation.stations.18.

Astrix

(New

Zealand):

Focusedonin?atablesolararrays.19.

Astranis

(USA):

Buildingsmall,lowcostinternetconnectivitysatellites.Things/Projects

to

watch

for:

In2024,theSpaceTechsectorisbrimmingwithinnovativestartups,eachcontributinguniqueadvancementstotheindustry.

Someplayerstokeepaneyeoninclude:20.

Blue

Origin

(USA):

Pioneeringreusablerocket

technology.1.

Blackshark

(Austria):

Identifying

anyobjectontheearth’ssurfacefromspace.2.

GalaxEye

(India):

Providingall-weathermultisensoryimagingsatellites.3.

Helios

(Israel):

Extracting

oxygenfrommoondust.4.

Orbit

Fab(USA):

Fuellingstationsforspacecraft.5.

True

Anomaly

(USA):

Specializinginautonomousorbitalvehicles.6.

Spin

Launch

(USA):

Catapultingrocketsintospace.7.

GATE

Space

(Austria):

O?er