a1Unit2

TheScopeofManagementa1a2Glossaryentail[in'teil]v.

使必須、帶來、伴隨n.

限定繼承權(quán)e.g.Managemententailsplanning,organizing,coordinating,leading,andcontrollingresourcestoefficientlyreachthesegoals.管理需要計劃、組織、協(xié)調(diào)、領(lǐng)導和控制資源來有效地達到這些目標。a2Glossaryentail[in'teil]a3Glossaryconform[k?n'f?:m]v.

使一致、遵從conformto/withn.conformation結(jié)構(gòu)、形態(tài)、一致e.g.Ameasureofhowcloselygoodsandservicesconformtopredeterminedstandardsandcustomerexpectations.一種衡量產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有多符合預定的標準和顧客期望的措施。a3Glossaryconform[k?n'f?:m]a4Glossaryenvision[in'vi??n]v.

想象、設(shè)想、展望affordable[?'f?:d?bl]adj.

支付得起的、不太昂貴的v.afford擔負得起、提供、給予e.g.HenryFordenvisionedmakingaffordabletransportationavailabletoeveryperson.亨利·福特設(shè)想制造出每個人都能負擔得起的交通工具。a4Glossaryenvision[in'vi??n]a5Glossarystrive[straiv]v.

奮斗、努力striveafter/for為...奮斗strivetoward向...奮進過去式:strove,過去分詞:strivene.g.Companiesthatstrivetoenvisionanddefinethefutureoftenhaveanadvantageoverthosethatsimplyreacttothepresent.那些努力設(shè)想并定義未來的企業(yè)往往比那些僅僅對現(xiàn)狀做出簡單回應(yīng)的企業(yè)更有優(yōu)勢。a5Glossarystrive[straiv]a6Glossarymission['mi??n]n.

使命、任務(wù)、代表團v.

派遣、傳教e.g.Astartingpointistowriteamissionstatementthatdefineswhytheorganizationexistsandwhatitseekstoaccomplish.第一步是寫一份使命陳述，用來定義為什么企業(yè)會存在以及它所尋求實現(xiàn)什么。a6Glossarymission['mi??n]a7Glossaryinformercial[inf?'m?:??l]n.

商業(yè)信息片、直銷廣告e.g.Edgeexecutiveswereconsideringmass-marketingtheirtrainingvideosthroughtelevision“informercials”.Edge公司的主管正考慮通過電視商業(yè)信息片來大量推銷他們的培訓光盤。a7Glossaryinformercial[inf?'ma8Glossaryfranchise['fr?n.t?aiz]n.

特許經(jīng)銷權(quán)、選舉權(quán)、特權(quán)v.

賦予特權(quán)、賦予公民權(quán)e.g.SotheydecidedinsteadtoexpandEdge’sreachbydevelopinganetworkoffranchisesthatfollowthecompany’strainingmethods.所以他們決定通過建立遵照公司培訓方法的特許經(jīng)營權(quán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來擴大Edge的覆蓋面。a8Glossaryfranchise['fr?n.t?aa9Glossarytactical['t?ktik?l]adj.

戰(zhàn)術(shù)上的、足智多謀的n.tactics戰(zhàn)術(shù)、手法、策略departmental[di:.pɑ:t'mentl]adj.

部門的、各部的n.department部門、系、科、處、局e.g.Middlemanagerssettacticalobjectives,whichfocusondepartmentalissuesanddefinetheresultsnecessarytoachievetheorganization’sstrategicgoals.中層管理者制定戰(zhàn)術(shù)目標，這些目標集中于部門事務(wù)并定義為了實現(xiàn)組織的戰(zhàn)術(shù)目標所必須的結(jié)果。a9Glossarytactical['t?ktik?l]a10Glossarypeer[pi?]n.

同輩、同等的人v.

凝視e.g.Theyalsobuildanetworkofrelationshipswithbosses,peers,andemployees.他們也與上司、同事和員工建立人際關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)。a10Glossarypeer[pi?]a11Glossaryinterpersonal[.int?'p?:s?nl]adj.

人與人之間的、人際關(guān)系的e.g.Managersalsoemployskillsthatfallintothreebasiccategories:interpersonal,technical,andconceptualskills.管理者也使用分為三種基本類型的技能：人際關(guān)系的、技術(shù)的和概念的技能。a11Glossaryinterpersonal[.inta12Glossaryfoster['f?st?]v.

培養(yǎng)、促進、養(yǎng)育、撫養(yǎng)adj.

收養(yǎng)的e.g.Developingemployeetrustandloyalty,andfosteringinnovation–alltheseactivitiesrequireinterpersonalskills.建立員工的信任和忠誠，促進創(chuàng)新—這些活動都需要人際關(guān)系技能。a12Glossaryfoster['f?st?]a13Glossarypervasive[p?:'veisiv]adj.

普遍的、滲透的v.pervade彌漫、滲透、充滿e.g.Communication,orexchanginginformation,isthemostimportantandpervasiveinterpersonalskillthatmanagersuse.溝通或交換信息是管理者運用的最重要和最普遍的人際關(guān)系技能。a13Glossarypervasive[p?:'veisa14Glossarystakeholder['steik.h?uld?]n.

利益相關(guān)者、股東e.g.Communicationallowsyoutoperceivetheneedsofthesestakeholders,andithelpsyourespondtothoseneeds.溝通能讓你認識到股東的需求，也能幫助你對那些需求做出回應(yīng)。a14Glossarystakeholder['steika15Glossaryflourish['fl?ri?]v.

茂盛、繁榮、活躍n.

揮舞、花樣、炫耀、華麗詞藻e.g.Allbusinessesarebuiltonrelationships,asMicrosoft’searlyalliancewithIBMillustrates,andallrelationshipsflourishwithgoodcommunication.所有的業(yè)務(wù)都是建立在人際關(guān)系之上的，正如微軟與IBM的早期結(jié)盟所說明的，人際關(guān)系會隨著良好的溝通而活躍。a15Glossaryflourish['fl?ri?]a16Glossaryautomotive[.?:t?'m?utiv]adj.

自動推進的、汽車的e.g.Suchasautomotiveassemblyorcomputerprogramming,andbecausetheymanageothertechnicalemployees.例如汽車組裝或者計算機編程，也因為他們要管理其它的技術(shù)員工。a16Glossaryautomotive[.?:t?'ma17Glossarynonroutine[.n?nru:'ti:n]n.

非常規(guī)程序adj.

非常規(guī)的反義:routinee.g.Incontrast,nonprogrammeddecisionsareuniqueandnonroutine.相反，非程序化決策是獨特的、非常規(guī)的。a17Glossarynonroutine[.n?nru:a18Glossaryanalogue['?n?l?g]n.

相似物、類似情況adj.

類似的e.g.Asaresult,theygenerallycannotbemadeaccordingtoanysetproceduresorrules,althoughanalogues,similarpastexperiences,orcommonsensemayoffersomeguidance.結(jié)果，他們幾乎無法根據(jù)任何設(shè)定的程序或標準來制造，盡管類似情況、相似的過去經(jīng)驗或者常識能提供一些指導。a18Glossaryanalogue['?n?l?g]a19TraditionalversusModernManagerialRoles

Source:BrianDumaine(1991)TheNewNon–Managers.Fortune,22(2),81.OldManagerNewManager1.Thinksofselfasmanagerorboss.2.Followsthechainofcommand.3.Workswithinasetorganizationalstructure.4.Makesmostdecisionsalone.5.Hoardsinformation6.Triestomasteronemajordiscipline,suchasmarketingorfinance.7.Demandslonghours.8.Managesgroupmembers.1.Thinksofselfassponsor,teamleader,orinternalconsultant.2.Dealswithanyonenecessarytogetthejobdone.3.Chan