第十一節(jié)定語從句〔真題演練〕1.[2022全國新高考Ⅰ]TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesthatlivewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.2.[2022全國甲]Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,wholosthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.3.[2021浙江1月]BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtoolwhich/thatgivesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.4.[2021天津6月]Inthespring,aseasonwhenwearelearningnewrhythmsoflife，manyofusfindfortinthenaturalworld.5.[2020全國Ⅲ]InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.〔必備知識〕考點一關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中所作的成分who人主語、賓語whom人賓語which物或事主語、賓語、定語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語as人、物或事主語、賓語Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感來源。Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.我大兒子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，現(xiàn)在他在紐約。易錯提示as用在限制性定語從句中時,常用于下列句式:such+名詞+as...（像……一樣的;像……之類的）;thesame+名詞+as...（和……同樣的）2.that和which的用法區(qū)別只用that的情況先行詞是all、few、little、much、something、anything、nothing等不定代詞時先行詞被theonly、thevery、theright、all等修飾時先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時先行詞既有人又有物時只用which的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時Themagazineattractssomanyaudiences，whichmeansthatitbeesmoreandmorepopular.這本雜志吸引了那么多的讀者，這意味著它變得越來越受歡迎。3.as和which的區(qū)別asas引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可放在主句前、中、后，as常譯為“正如……，像……”。常作實義動詞（如see、know、expect、say等）的賓語。whichwhich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句后，常譯為“這一點；這件事”等。which在句法上一般用作實義動詞的主語或賓語，這時它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系。Astheoldsayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”正如古話說的那樣：“有志者，事竟成?！笨键c特訓(xùn)1.[2022廣東廣州六中高三期末]Exerciseissomethingthatcanhelptomakeyoulookgood,feelgoodandbehealthy.2.[2022廣西四市聯(lián)合模擬]Accordingtohertrainer,whohelpedtomanagetheDouyinaccount,Chenattractedmorethan400,000followerswithinjustafewmonths.3.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,whichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.Asisreportedinthenewspaper,theChinesefootballteamhaswonthematch.5.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,whichhassurprisedusall.6.I’vebeegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.7.Manywesternerswho/thatetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.8.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefivetotenminutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.考點二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞用法例句when指時間,在從句中作時間狀語,相當(dāng)于“in/at/on/during...+which”Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠體力謀生的時代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。where指地點,在從句中作地點狀語,相當(dāng)于“in/at/on/from...+which”Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivitieswheretheycangainvaluableexperience.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該參與社團(tuán)活動,在這些活動中他們可以獲得寶貴的經(jīng)驗。why指原因,在從句中作原因狀語,相當(dāng)于“for+which”Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天沒參加會議的原因嗎?易錯提示當(dāng)先行詞為situation、case、stage、point等,且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語時,常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.他們的孩子處于能說個別單詞但不能說完整句子的階段?？键c特訓(xùn)1.[2022華中師大一附中考前測試]Asciencelecture400kilometersaboveEarthwasdeliveredbyChineseastronautsonChina’sTiangongspacestation,wheretheydisplayeduniquephysicalphenomenaintheorbitingspacecraft.2.[2022廣東六校聯(lián)考]ItistheuniqueareawherelivebothwildSiberiantigersandSiberianleopards.3.[2020全國Ⅰ改編]ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.4.Hedidn’ttellmethereasonwhyhewassoupset.5.Althoughwaterplaysavitalroleinthecelebration,thereismuchmoretothefestival,especiallyduringthefirsttwodayswhenwatersplashingisparativelykeptundercontrol.考點三“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which或whom，且不能省略。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.在9月30日之前你必須支付賬單。2.“名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句，表示部分與整體的關(guān)系。此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有“some/several/afew/alittle/many/more/most/none/thelargest+of+which/whom”等形式。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingsshedtearswhencrying,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科學(xué)家們提出了很多關(guān)于為什么人類在哭泣時流淚的理論，這些理論都尚未得到證實。Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewelleducated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)追求自己的夢想，他們中大部分都受過良好的教育。3.在非限制性定語從句中，whose修飾物時可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”；修飾人時，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhom”。Thenewlybuiltcafé，whosewalls（=thewallsofwhich）arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.這家新建成的咖啡館，墻被刷成了淺綠色，對我們來說真是一個安靜的地方，特別是在辛苦工作后?？键c特訓(xùn)1.[2021天津3月]WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfromwhichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.2.[2020江蘇]Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromwhichstudentscanchooseforfree.3.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofwhichusesitdifferently.4.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.〔技巧點撥〕〔分層特訓(xùn)〕Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.[2022廣東深圳名校聯(lián)考]Inordertobeselected,YaohadpassedtheCollegeEnglishTestbeforehesignedupasavolunteer,attendedtheRedCrossrescuetraining,whichwasorganizedbyBeihangUniversity,andobtainedacorrespondingcertificate.2.[2022河北衡水中學(xué)高考押題卷]Basically,bakingisacreativeactivitywhereyoucanimagineahappymomentinthefuture.3.[2022湖北四校模擬聯(lián)考三]Thecustomdatesbacktomorethan2,000yearsago,whenpeoplebelievedtheyowedagoodharvesttothegods,whoprotectedthemfromthestormyseas.4.[2022甘肅蘭州高三診斷]Reducingthatlossby1percentagepointwouldbeequaltoa28milliontonneincreaseingrainoutput,whichcouldfeed70millionpeopleforayear.5.[2020全國新高考Ⅰ]The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.6.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis，daysweregonewhenlocal5starhotelscharged6，000yuanforonenight.7.Thenewsthat/whichispublishedwithoutcheckingwhetheritisafactornotcancreateunnecessaryconfusionandextremefeelingsamongthemasses.8.Theawkwardchatisgainingitsplaceamongyoungpeoplewho/thathavebeenlivingunderalotofpressure.9.Ithassetanexampletoothermuseumsinourcountry,mostofwhichseemtobestilllivinginthedaysgoneby.10.ThereasonwhyIwanttohavemyshoesrepairedinthisshopisthatthemanworksverycarefully.Ⅱ.語法填空[2022山東煙臺、德州高三一模]AWithahistoryofmorethan6,000years,Chinesepainting,originally1pursued（pursue）bywealthypeople,developedaround221BCduringtheQinDynasty.Then,itbecamepopulararound581ADasmoreandmorepeoplebegantoshow2appreciation（appreciate）ofitsbeauty.BasictoolsandmaterialsforChinesepaintinginvolvewritingbrushes,inkandpaper.TheChinesepaintingbrushismostlymadeofgoat,weaselorfoxhairs,3whicharesuitableforproducingsoftandstringybrushes.Theinkstickisproducedwithamixtureofpinesoot（松煙）andanimalglue.It’susedinbinationwithaninkstone.Thepainterwetstheinkstoneandthengrinds（研磨）theinkstickonthestone,4making（make）theinkrunsothatitcanbeusedforpainting.ManyChineseancientartworks5werecreated（create）onsilk.However,silkwas6soexpensivethatitwouldonlybesavedforveryimportantpaintings.Bythefirstcentury,whentheearlyformofpaperwasinvented,ithadbeealot7cheaper（cheap）topaint.TraditionalChinesepaintingenjoysworldwidefame8foritsoriginalstyle,distinctivefeaturesandspecialtechniques.Itemphasizesharmonybetweenmanandnature.WhenlookingataChinesepainting,youmaynot9initially（initial）realizeitsplexconcept.Infact,muchremains10tobelearned/tobelearnt（learn）abouttraditionalChinesepaintinganditselements.ByappreciatingChinesepainting,youwillhaveabetterunderstandingoftraditionalChinesecultureandChinesepeople.BRecentmonthshaveseenareturnofbikesacrossChina,withanincreasingnumberofpeople11choosing（choose）cyclinginsteadofdrivingtoschool,theworkplaceorthetouristattractions.Theintroductionofbikesharingprogramshasbroughtthetrendtoanewlevel.Thebikes12areequipped（equip）withlocat