英語詞匯學(xué)年月真題

0083220154

1、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthecharacteristicsofthe

basicwordstock?

Allnationalcharacter.

Validity.

A:

Stability.

B:

Productivity.

C:

答D:案：B

2、【單選題】Thefollowingarethetranslation-loansEXCEPT____.

Longtimenosee.

Masterpiece.

A:

Mothertongue.

B:

Bazaar.

C:

答D:案：D

3、【單選題】ThedifferencesbetweensoundandformareNOTdueto____.

thefactofmorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish

stabilizationofspellingbyprinting

A:

innovationsmadebylinguists

B:

influenceoftheworkofscribes

C:

答D:案：C

解析：該題考察的是詞匯的聲音和詞形的關(guān)系。聲音與形式本應(yīng)該是一致的，但是，由于

三個理由：音與字母的不匹配，抄寫者的失誤，印刷術(shù)使得拼寫固定下來。

4、【單選題】Thelanguageusedbetween450and____iscalledOldEnglish.

850

1150

A:

1500

B:

1700

C:

答D:案：B

5、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemainsourcesofEnglish

newwords?

TheborrowingofLatinwordsintoEnglish.

Social,economicandpoliticalchanges.

A:

Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguage.

B:

Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：現(xiàn)代英語在形成的過程中確實從拉丁語借用了很多詞匯，但這卻不是英語形成新詞

匯的主要來源，與題干不符。

6、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingwordsdoesNOTbelongtothewordsof

Scandinavianorigin?

Skirt.

Skill.

A:

Roast.

B:

Birth

C:

答D:案：C

解析：9世紀(jì)時斯堪的納維亞人入侵英國，古英語由此引入了一些斯堪的納維亞語的詞匯

并沿用至今。教材中提到的例子包括skirt,skill,window,leg,grasp,birth,they

等等，不包含C選項。

7、【單選題】Theword“denaturalization”canbebrokendowninto“de-”，

“nature”，“-al”，“-ize”，“-ation”,eachhavingmeaningofitsown.

Theseminimalmeaningfulunitsareknownas____.

morphemes

allomorphs

A:

root

B:

stem

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本題需要對第三章英語構(gòu)詞法中的詞素、詞素變體、詞根和詞干四個概念準(zhǔn)確理

解。了解詞素是一個整體，就能準(zhǔn)確的選出A詞素。

8、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingpartsistherootoftheword

“internationalists”？

inter

A:

nation

-ist

B:

-tion

C:

答D:案：B

解析：詞根是不能再分的部分，包含了單詞的主干部分的內(nèi)容，internationalist議為國

際主義者，只有選項B中nation有國家的，國民的意思，因而構(gòu)成詞根，本題主要考查

第三章詞根的知識點。

9、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingwordsisanexampleoffreemorphemes?

Bored.

Teeth.

A:

Worker.

B:

Wind.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：彼此之間互相獨立的詞素叫自由詞素。這些詞素本身具有完整的意義，在句子中可

以用作自由語法單位。

10、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

Prefixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.

Prefixesdonotgenerallychangetheword-classofthestem.

A:

Prefixesonlymodifythemeaningofthestem.

B:

Thechieffunctionofprefixesistochangemeaningsofthestems.

C:

答D:案：A

11、【單選題】Thewordthatcontainsaprefixofdegreeis____.

abnormal

misunderstand

A:

antiwar

B:

overweight

C:

答D:案：D

12、【單選題】“Ahotdog”isbynomeansadogthatishot,butatypical

Americansausageinbetweentwopiecesofbread.Thisexampleillustratesthe____

featuresofcompounds.

phonetic

A:

semantic

linguistic

B:

grammatical

C:

答D:案：B

13、【單選題】“Many”and“much”bothhavethesameconcept,butcollocate

withdifferentwords，suchas“muchtime,muchmoney”，but“manybooks,many

people”，notviceversa.Thisexampleillustrates____.

conceptisbeyondlanguage

conceptistheresultofhumancognition

A:

conceptisuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageand

B:

soon

C:

eveninthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedindifferentwords

答D:案：D

14、【單選題】Whenweusethe“footofthemountain”，wearecomparingthe

lowerpartofthemountaintothefootofahumanbeing.Inthissense,theword

“foot”conveys____.

onomatopoeicmotivation

morphologicalmotivation

A:

semanticmotivation

B:

etymologicalmotivation

C:

答D:案：C

解析：語義理據(jù)是指由詞的概念意義所暗示的聯(lián)想意義，解釋了詞的字面意義與比喻義之

間的聯(lián)系。

15、【單選題】Thegroupofwordswhichhasthesamegrammaticalmeaningis

“____”.

forget,forgets,forgot

tables,men,people

A:

sit,sitting,sat

B:

fast,quick,quickly

C:

答D:案：B

解析：從語法意義上講，B選項的三個詞均表示名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

16、【單選題】Wordsarearbitrarysymbolsandare____identitiessofaras

theirouterfacet—spellingandpronunciation,isconcerned.

independent

reliable

A:

stable

B:

unsteady

C:

答D:案：A

解析：詞就其外部方面拼寫和發(fā)音而言是具有任意性的符號和獨立的單位。

17、【單選題】Fromthediachronicpointofview,____isassumedtobethe

resultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.

homonymy

polysemy

A:

synonymy

B:

hyponymy

C:

答D:案：B

解析：本題考查第六章多義關(guān)系中歷時方法的概念。歷時方法是詞義隨著時間的變化而不

斷增加。

18、【單選題】“Dear”and“deer”arewordsidenticalinsoundbutdifferent

inspellingandmeaning.Theyare____.

perfecthomonyms

homographs

A:

homophones

B:

hyponyms

C:

答D:案：C

19、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthetypesofchangesinword-

meaning?

Extension.

Degradation.

A:

Elevation.

B:

Reduction.

C:

答D:案：D

20、【單選題】Whenacommonwordisturnedintoapropernoun,themeaning

is____accordinglysuchas“theCity”，,whichmeansthe“businesscentreof

London”.

generalized

narrowed

A:

extended

B:

elevated

C:

答D:案：B

解析：此處city的詞義被縮小

21、【單選題】Theextra-linguisticfactorsthatcausechangesinword-meaning

includethefollowingEXCEPT____.

historicalreason

psychologicalreason

A:

geographicreason

B:

classreason

C:

答D:案：C

解析：造成詞義變化的非語言因素包括歷史原因、階級原因和心理原因。

22、【單選題】Lexicalcontextreferstothecasesinwhichthemeaningofaword

isaffectedanddefinedbythe____.

neighbouringwords

sentencestructure

A:

culturalbackground

B:

non-linguisticsituation

C:

答D:案：A

23、【單選題】Whenawordwithmultiplemeaningsisusedininadequatecontext,

itcreates____.

irrelevance

ambiguity

A:

disconnection

B:

opposition

C:

答D:案：B

解析：本題考查第八章詞義與語境中消除歧義eliminationofambiguity.題干中指出如果

單詞有很多意思卻沒有給出語境，自然會產(chǎn)生歧義ambiguity。

24、【單選題】Inthesentence6inspiteoffactthatthefishermenwerewearing

sou'westers,thestormwassoheavythattheywerewetthrough",thecontext

clueusedis____.

wordstructure

example

A:

definition

B:

relevantdetail

C:

答D:案：D

解析：題干中的句子里用了一個不常見的詞sou’westers，表示“長雨衣”，是人們在暴

風(fēng)雨的環(huán)境下才會穿的。通過相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)暗示了句子的意義。

25、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecharacteristicsofidioms?

Structuralvariation.

Lexicalmanipulation.

A:

Phoneticunity.

B:

Semanticunity.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：idioms有兩個特征：semanticunity和structuralstability。

26、【單選題】Theidiom“toothandnail”isa(n)____.

idiomverbalinnature

idiomnominalinnature

A:

sentenceidiom

B:

idiomadverbialinnature

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本題考查第九章習(xí)語的分類，習(xí)語根據(jù)語法功能，可以分為名詞性習(xí)語、形容詞性

習(xí)語、動詞性習(xí)語、副詞性習(xí)語及句式習(xí)語?？忌枰鎰e這五類習(xí)語。Toothandnail

這個習(xí)語比較特殊，一看都是名詞牙齒和指甲，容易選擇B，然而其實際的意思是非常努

力地，拼命地為副詞性習(xí)語，對于這種特殊習(xí)語，需要引起重視。正確答案選擇D。

27、【單選題】Theidiom“earnone’sbread”isa____asfarasfiguresof

speechareconcerned.

synecdoche

metaphor

A:

metonymy

B:

personification

C:

答D:案：A

28、【單選題】WebsterfsNewDictionaryofSynonyms(1978)isa(n)____

dictionary.

unabridged

desk

A:

specialized

B:

encyclopedic

C:

答D:案：C

29、【單選題】Britishdictionariesgenerallyuse____tomarkthepronunciation.

BritishPhoneticAlphabet

AmericanPhoneticAlphabet

A:

InternationalPhoneticAlphabet

B:

Webster’sPhoneticAlphabet

C:

答D:案：C

解析：詞典知識大多數(shù)英語詞典均是用國際音標(biāo)作為標(biāo)音符號。

30、【單選題】LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(LDCE)NewEdition

(1987)wasnotedforthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT____.

itsuseofextracolumn

itssimpleandcleardefinitions

A:

itswidecoverageofnewwords,newmeaningsandnewusages

B:

itsmeticulousandcompletegrammaticalinformation

C:

答D:案：A

解析：A選項是《柯林斯英語詞典》的特征，與題干不符。

31、【問答題】Identifythekindandtheorigin(Latin,Greek,French,

ScandinavianorItalian)ofthefollowinggroupsofwords.1)thrive,they,egg,

ill,die2)status,minimum,arena,species,alibi3)synonym,polysemy,grammar,

etymology,syntax4)symphony,piano,trio,tenor,model5)dress,clock,pork,

mutton,fry

答案：Theyareloanwords.1)Scandinavian,2)Latin,3)Greek,4)Italian,

5)French

32、【問答題】Whatisacronymy?

答案：Acronymyistheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitial

lettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialnounphrases

andtechnicalterms.

33、【問答題】Explainwhatispolysemyfromthesynchronicpointofview.

答案：Fromthesynchronicpointofview,polysemyisviewedasthecoexistence

ofvariousmeaningsofthesamewordinacertainhistoricalperiodoftime,

say,ModernEnglish.Thebasicmeaningiscalledthecentralmeaning,while

thederivedmeaningsaresecondaryincomparison.

34、【問答題】Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthefollowingsentenceand

whatcontextualclueisused?“Hewasinamoodofcompleteeuphoria,his

happinessbeingtheresultofanannouncementthathehadwonthesweep-stakes.”

答案：Euphoriameans(afeelingof)happiness.Thecontextclueusedissynonymy.

35、【問答題】Explainthedifferencebetweenback-formationandsuffixation.

答案：①Back-formationisconsideredtobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation.

②Asweknow,suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixes

tobases,andback-formationisthereforethemethodofcreatingwords

byremovingthesupposedsuffixes.③Thisisbecausemanyoftheremoved

suffixesarenottruesuffixesbutinseparablepartsofthewords.

36、【問答題】Commentonthefollowinggroupsofwordsintermsoftypesof

antonyms:contradictoryterms,contraryterms,relativeterms.“true—

false’’，“big—small”，“husband-wife”

答案：①Antonymscanbedefinedaswordswhichareoppositeinmeaning.They

canbeclassifiedintothreemajorgroups.②Contradictoryterms:Theyareso

opposedtoeachotherthattheyaremutuallyexelusiveandadmitnopossibility

betweenthem,suchas"true-false".③Contraryterms:Antonymsofthistype

arebestviewedintermsofascalefunnringbetweentwopolesorextremes.

Antonymssuchas"big-small"representtwopointsatbothendsofthepoleand

canaccommodatemiddlegroundbelongingneithertoonepolenortotheother.

Wecanhavemedium-sizedbetweenthebigandthesmall.③Relativeterms:This

typeconsistsofrelationaloppositessuchas"husband-wife".Suchpairsof

wordsindicatesuchareciprocalsocialrelationshipthatoneofthemcannotbe

usedwithoutsuggestingtheother.IfisthehusbandofB,thenBisthewife,

whomarriesA.

37、【填空題】Wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguagesareknownasborrowed

wordsor____words.

答案：loan

38、【填空題】FromthehistoricaloverviewoftheEnglishvocabulary,theNorman

conqueststartedacontinualflowof____wordsintoEnglish.

答案：French

39、【填空題】Freemorphemesare____ofothermorphemes.Theyhavecomplete

meaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.

答案：independent

40、【填空題】“Exam”istheshortenedformof“examination”bybackclipping.

Then“plane”isusedtomean“aeroplane”by____clipping

答案：front

41、【填空題】Thewordmeaningismadeupof____meaningandgrammatical

meaning.

答案：lexical

42、【填空題】Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages,

butwhenawordisfirstcoined,itisalways____.

答案：monosemic

43、【填空題】Theprocessbywhichwordsofgoodor