外語教學理論的學習

與課堂教學的有效結(jié)合

北京師范大學程曉堂

一、為什么要學習理論？關(guān)于理論學習的一些誤解理論無用理論脫離實際理論是高深莫測是的理論和理論學習的價值事物都是有規(guī)律的，做任何事情都要講究原則和方法。規(guī)律、原則和方法就是理論；理論來自實踐，對實踐具有指導作用；如果教師只關(guān)注實踐，不學習理論，則不能從根本上提高專業(yè)素養(yǎng)。關(guān)于語言的理論（知識）語言是什么？結(jié)構(gòu)與功能？形式與意義？語言的使用語言的變化……我們掌握了足夠的基本的語法知識嗎？關(guān)于定于從句的講解與練習：NathanisouroralEnglishteacher.Heistallandhandsome.

NathanwhoistallandhandsomeisouroralEnglishteacher.思考：這個定語從句在結(jié)構(gòu)和用法上正確嗎？Thegirlwhoisthemostbeautifulinourclasslostanovelwhichisborrowedfromthelibraryontheplaygroundwhichisnewlybuilt.思考：這個關(guān)于定語從句的例句是否有問題？下面兩個對話中哪個更自然一些？A:Whywastheteacherangry?B:BecausethewindowwasbrokenbyMichael.A:Whywastheteacherangry?B:BecauseMichaelbrokethewindow.語料庫語言學能我們提供有關(guān)語言在實際交際中使用情況的信息，比如下列詞的用法：mustwouldcould討論：dieofordiefrom?Eachyear,morethan15,000womeninBritaindiefrombreastcancerandabout2,000fromcancerofthecervix.Weknowthatallofuswilleventuallydiefromdisease,naturaldisaster,accidentsorwhatever.EachyearoveramillionAfricanchildrendiefrom

diarrheaspreadbydirtywater.Othersdiefromcollisionswithvesselstravellingupanddowntheriver.Noonewilldiefromlackofeducationashewillfromlackoffoodorbasichealthcare.句子意義與語篇意義句子的意義取決于它在語篇的位置以及它與前后句子的關(guān)系；句子本身的結(jié)構(gòu)以及句子在語篇中的位置不是隨意。下面的哪段話更連貫？為什么？Yesterdaywewenttothecinema.Johnwassick.Hedidn’tgo.Yesterdaywewenttothecinema.Johndidn’tgo.Hewassick.關(guān)于語言學習的理論兒童和成人是如何學習語言的？學習母語與學習外語有什么異同？語言學習需要哪些條件？哪些因素影響語言學習?學習者在哪些階段可以學習那些語言?語言學習者為什么犯錯誤？……以下四句話分別是四個學生寫的。這四句話分別說明了什么情況？四個學生對過去時的掌握情況有什么不同？(1)YesterdayIwritealetter.(2)YesterdayIwritedaletter.(3)YesterdayIwrotedaletter.(4)YesterdayIwrotealetter.關(guān)于語言教學方法的理論為什么要強調(diào)語境？為什么要強調(diào)教學活動的交際性？為什么要強調(diào)語言的真實性？為什么要強調(diào)在做事情的過程中學習語言？為什么要強調(diào)教學設計？……某同學在課文讀到這樣一個句子：Thenextmorning,therewasafootofsnowontheground.該同學問老師：怎么地上有一腳雪啊？這個例子說明了什么問題？一位教師為了導入新課，做了如下開場白：Hello,boysandgirls.I’mveryhappytocometoQingdao.Qiangdaoisaverybeautifulplace.DoyouknowwhereIcomefrom?IcomefromXinjiang.ItisveryfarawayfromQingdao.Yesterday,afterIarrivedinQingdao,Imissmyhome,Imissmyson.SoIcalledmyhome.Iwantedtotalktomyson.Butaftertalkingforawhile,mysondidn’twanttospeakmore.Doyouknowwhy?Hesaidhewantedtoplaycomputergames.Doyoulikeplayingcomputergames?Todaywewilllearnsomethingaboutcomputer……關(guān)于教材的理論教材的根本目的是什么？教材設計的基本原理是什么？教材如何體現(xiàn)語言的教與學的規(guī)律？如何合理有效地使用教材？……教材板塊設計舉例：外研版教材的版塊：VocabularyandspeakingReadingandvocabularyGrammar(1and2)ListeningandvocabularyPronunciationSpeakingWritingEverydayEnglishandfunctionCulturalcornerTask

人教版教材的版塊：WarmingupPre-readingReadingComprehendingLearningaboutlanguageUsinglanguage:reading,listeningandwritingSpeakingReadingandwritingWritingforfun語言真實性問題TheTOEFLexamisgiveneverysixmonths.TheTOEFLexamwasgivenlastmonth.TheTOEFLexamthisyearwillbegivenonOctober15.TheTOEFLexamisbeinggiveneveryyear.TheTOEFLexamhasbeengiveneveryyearsince1950.TheTOEFLexamhadbeengivenbeforetheVietnamWaroccurred.TheTOEFLexamshouldbegiventoeveryforeignstudent.TheTOEFLexamshouldhavebeengiventoalltoenterUScolleges.?Thebooksaremadeofpaper.?Thenewspaperismadeofpaper.?Themagazinesaremadeofpaper.?Themoneyismadeofpaper.關(guān)于語言測試與評價的理論測試與評價的目的是什么？評估、驗收、診斷？測試與評價的形式有哪些？試題命制有哪些原則與技術(shù)？一位高中英語教師在期中考試后分析試題的區(qū)分度。什么是區(qū)分度？期中考試需要考慮區(qū)分度嗎？什么樣的考試需要考慮區(qū)分度？試題舉例（請大家討論）例1Whichofthefollowingdoespaperburnin?A.CO2B.N2C.O2D.H2

例2Look!Thathouseisonfire.Let’scall___quickly.A.119B.114C.120D.121以下是一道聽力題的錄音和試題：例3：W:Howoldisyoursister,John?M:Sheistenyearsold,andI’mthirteen.

Question:HowoldisJohn?A.He’ssevenB.He’stenC.He’sthirteen.例4：Theboyisverythirsty.Wouldyou______himsome______,please?A.take,breadB.bring,drinkC.get,eggs D.help,cakes例5：

ThethreemonthsofspringinChinaare___.A.December,JanuaryandFebruaryB.March,AprilandMayC.January,FebruaryandMarchD.February,MarchandApril例6：He_____totheUSAmanytimes.

A.hasbeenB.haswent

C.hadgo

D.hadwent例7：YouwereinShanghailast

week,_______you?

A.were

B.weren’t

C.did

D.didn’t例8：-WouldyoumindifIopenthe

window?

-_______,thoughit’salittlecold.

A.Yes,please

B.Sure

C.Notatall

D.Sorry例9：

Youlookhungry.Don’tyouwant________toeat?A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything例10.-Mymainconsiderationis___thegrowthoftourismactuallyhelpspeople.-That’snotaproblem.A.whetherB.ifC.whyD.how例11.Mygrandmother__dancingallherlife:wheneverIhear1940sdancemusic,I’llthinkofher.