八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit15單元語法期中復(fù)習(xí)一、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)WhatwasWhatwashedoingatthistimeyesterday?Hewasswimming.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Whatishedoing?Heisswimming.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+動(dòng)詞ing一、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本句式句式構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語+was/were+doing+其他ThegirlwasshoppingwhenIsawher.否定句主語+wasn’t/weren’t+doing+其他Thegirlwasn’tshoppingwhenIsawher.一般疑問句__Was/were___+主語+___doing____+其他？—WasthegirlshoppingwhenIsawher?—Yes,shewas.No,shewasn’t.肯定回答Yes,主語+__was__/__were__.否定回答No,主語+__wasn’t__/__weren’t__.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+動(dòng)詞ing形式+其他？WhatwasthegirldoingwhenIsawher?二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法用法時(shí)間標(biāo)志表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語：thismorning,thewholemorning/night,alldayyesterday,allnight,from10:00to12:00yesterday,inthosedays等表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語：atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,at3o’clockyesterdayafternoon等表示過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行與when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用（主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)）連詞when和while都可表“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間背景。與while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用（主句用一般過去連詞when和while都可表“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間背景。表示過去某兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行多與while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用二、when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也有人叫它持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以長時(shí)間延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。英語中的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞比較多，如study,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。Heworkedalldayinthefields.他在地里干了一天。Iwaitedforyouforanhour.我等你等了一個(gè)鐘頭。2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也有人叫它終止性動(dòng)詞、短暫性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞，它表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有begin,buy,close,e,die,fail,find,finish,go,join,kill,leave,lend,lose,sell,start,stop,borrow等。如：Theyreachedthevillageintheafternoon.下午他們抵達(dá)那個(gè)村子。Shestoodupandlefttheroom.她站起身走出房去。二、辨析when和while引導(dǎo)的從句主句從句主句從句主句從句主句從句總結(jié)：總結(jié)：主句從句過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+when+一般過去時(shí)+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)+while+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+例句例句JohnwastakingphotoswhenMaryturnedontheradio.MaryturnedontheradiowhileJohnwastakingphotos.練習(xí)JohnthepianowhenMarythehouse.MarythehousewhileJohnthepiano.JohnMarytake

photosturnontheradioplay

the

pianoleave

the

house三、課本GrammarFocus主句從句What

was

he

doing

when

the

rainstorm

came?主句從句從句主句He

was

reading

in

the

library

when

the

rainstorm

came.從句主句從句主句What

was

Ben

doing

when

it

began

to

rain

heavily?從句主句從句主句When

it

began

to

rain,

Ben

was

helping

his

mom

make

dinner.從句主句從句主句What

was

Jenny

doing

while

Linda

was

sleeping?從句主句從句主句While

Linda

was

sleeping,

Jenny

was

helping

Mary從句主句with

her

homework.Unit5語法小測一、句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1.Thegirlwastalkingwithherclassmates.Hermothercalledher.(合并為一句)Thegirl________________withherclassmates________hermother________her.2.Davidwaswritingareportattenyesterdaymorning.(改為否定句)David________________areportattenyesterdaymorning.3.Thechildrenwerelaughingloudlyatthattime.(改為一般疑問句,并作肯定回答)________thechildren________loudlyatthattime?

Yes,________________.instudy.

4.昨天下午三點(diǎn),我們正在上音樂課。(lesson)_______________________________________________________________________________.5.當(dāng)我看到他的時(shí)候,他正在給他的媽媽打。(saw,calling)_______________________________________________________________________________.二、單項(xiàng)選擇1.I_______ontheputerwhenFrankcalledmelastnight.

A.work B.willwork C.wasworking D.amworking2.Whilethelights_______tored,acarsuddenlyappearedaroundthecorner.

A.change B.havechangedC.werechanging D.willchange3.TheGreens_______TVtogetherfrom5:00to7:00yesterdayevening.A.iswatchingB.arewatchingC.waswatchingD.werewatching4.Thewomanwithherdaughter_______inthatmallwhenshesawtheboyfalldown.A.shoppedB.wasshoppingC.wereshoppingD.isshopping5._______Linda’smotherwasreadingnewspaper,herfatherwasdoingdishes.A.WhenB.WhileC.BeforeD.Until6.—Wereyoueatingdinneratthetimeoftherainstorm?—_______.Iwasreadingabookaboutplants.A.Yes,IdidB.No,Iwasn’tC.Yes,IwasD.No,Ididn’t7._______wecamebacktoschool,Dalewasplayingtheviolin.A.WhenB.WhileC.UntilD.After三、until、although和sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句什么是狀語？狀語是為結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整的句子（主+謂+賓）添加信息，如時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因/條件/目的等。狀語從句：由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)狀語成分，這個(gè)句子就是狀語從句，狀語從句通常由一個(gè)連詞或一個(gè)起連詞作用的詞組引導(dǎo)。IreadEnglish.IreadEnglisheverymorning.時(shí)間狀語IreadEnglishafterIgetup.狀語從句狀語從句的分類1.時(shí)間狀語從句4.目的狀語從句7.比較狀語從句2.條件狀語從句5.讓步狀語從句8.地點(diǎn)狀語從句3.結(jié)果狀語從句6.原因狀語從句9.方式狀語從句一、until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句肯定句中肯定句中表示“直到……為止”主句謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞否定句中表示“直到……才……”主句謂語動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Eg.Ihavetostayhereuntiltherainstops.我不得不待在這兒，直到雨停。Cathydidn’tgohomeuntiltherainstopped.直到雨停了，凱茜才回家。二、although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般翻譯為“雖然；盡管”，一般情況下，although與though可以互換，但兩者都不能與but同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，但可以和yet/still同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。Eg.Althoughshe’sveryweak,sheworksveryhard.她盡管身體很弱，但是工作很努力。三、sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句sothat表示“以便；為了”，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/may/might等連用。Eg.Heshouldtalktohisfriendsothathecansayhe’ssorry.他應(yīng)該跟他的朋友談?wù)劊员隳芟蚱涞狼?。【拓展】sothat+從句=inorderthat+從句=inorderto+動(dòng)詞原形四、提建議句型句型結(jié)構(gòu)含義Whydon’tyou+dosth.?=Whynotdosth.?你（們）為什么不……呢?How/Whatabout+doingsth.?……怎么樣?Let’s+dosth.讓我們……吧.We/Youshould/could+dosth.我們/你（們）應(yīng)該/可以……Wouldyoumind+doingsth?你介意……嗎?Would/Couldyouplease+dosth?請(qǐng)你……好嗎?hadbetter（not）dosth.最好（不要）做某事Wouldyoulike+todosth.?你（們）想要……嗎?Unit4語法小測1.Whydon’tyou______earliertocatchtheearlybus?

A.gettingup B.getup C.getsup D.gotup2.Whydon’tyou______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English?

A.join;speakB.join;speaking C.tojoin;speaking D.tojoin;speak3.—Jim,let'sgoouttoplaybasketball.—Oh,Iwon'tdothat______Ifinishmyhomework.A.if B.until C.because D.although4.—WhynotholdaChinesePoetrypetition(中國詩歌比賽)toweleourschool's70thbirthday?—______Let'smakeaplantogetherinourgroup.A.No,thanks. B.Yes,please. C.Goodidea. D.Nevermind.5.—IthinkIamtheshyestinmyclass.WhatshouldIdo?—Bemoreactiveinclass______youcanimproveyourabilitytoexpressyourself.

sothat B.unlessC.or D.although6．Althoughhehasacold,hedoesn’tgotobed________hefinisheshishomework.A．when B．because C．until D．But7．Isitinfrontoftheclassroom________Icanhearclearly.A．when B．inordertoC．suchas D．sothat8．Iwanttobuyawindbreaker________Iwilllookmorehandsome.A．sothat B．inorderto C．soasto D．so9．Themeetingdidn’tstart________Mr.Smithgottotheoffice.A．if B．so C．until D．though10．________heisverytired,________hestillgoesonworking.A．Although,/ B．But,although C．Although,but五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could的用法can的過去式can的過去式禮貌地請(qǐng)求征詢?cè)S可could1.could是can的過去式，表能力句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語+could+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Icouldswimattheageoffive.否定句主語+couldn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Icouldn’tswimattheageoffive.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+could+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？Whatcouldyoudoattheageof10?一般疑問句could問could答Could+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？—Couldyoudancewhenyouwereyoung?肯定回答Yes,主語+could.—Yes,Icould.否定回答No,主語+couldn’t.—No,Icouldn’t.2.could不是can的過去式，表請(qǐng)求或征詢?cè)S可(更禮貌更委婉)can提問__can/can’t__答；could提問___can/can’t___答?！狢ouldIuseyourbicycle?我可以用你的自行車嗎？—Yes,youcan.是的，可以用法和句式示例提出請(qǐng)求：Couldyouplease(not)do...?肯定回答常用語：Ofcourse./Certainly./OK./Sure./Noproblem.等否定回答常用語：Sorry./Certainlynot./I’mafraidIcan’t./No,youcan’t等.+說明理由征詢?cè)S可：CouldI/wedo...?Unit3語法小測1．Sorrytotroubleyou,but________Ispeaktoyouforawhile?A．could B．should C．must D．need2．—________Iuseyourruler,LiMing?—Sure.Hereyouare.A．Could B．Would C．Need3．—Couldyouplease________thedoor?Ifeelverycold.—OK.ButIthinkyou’dbetter________yourcoat.A．nottoopen;puton B．nottoopen;toputonC．notopen;puton D．notopen;toputon4．—Excuseme,________youpleasesayitagain?Ididn’thearyouclearly.—Yes,ofcourse.A．could B．should C．need D．must5．—________IborrowyourEnglishdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A．Could;could B．Must;can C．Could;can D．Can;could6．—CouldIborrowyourbike?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A．must B．could C．can7．HelenKeller_____seeaftergettingillwhenshewasyoung,butthroughherhardwork,she_____beawriter.A．couldn’t;wasableto B．wasableto;couldn’tC．wasableto;wasableto D．couldn’t;couldn’t8．Thelovelyboy________ridethebikeattheageofsix.A．must B．could C．need D．should六、動(dòng)詞不定式todo/nottodo/do1.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語（1）接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞（“動(dòng)詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)）常見的有：learn學(xué)會(huì)plan計(jì)劃decide決定try盡力choose選擇agree同意+todosth.refuse拒絕pretend假裝offer主動(dòng)+todosth.wouldlike/want想要expect期望hope/wish希望promise承諾afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起prefer喜歡【注意】help幫助(helptodo/helpdo)like喜歡(liketodo/doing)繼續(xù)(continuetodo/doing)（2）有的動(dòng)詞在不定式前可加上疑問詞（who，what，which等）作賓語（即“動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)），常見的有：show表明、指示；know知道；tell告訴；teach教；learn學(xué)習(xí)；decide決定。如：Larrydidn’tknowhowtotellherthebadnews.拉里不知道如何告訴她這個(gè)壞消息。2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語（1）接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞+sb.+todo結(jié)構(gòu)，否定式“動(dòng)詞+sb.+nottodo”）常見的有：tell告訴ask請(qǐng)order命令+sb.+todosth.warn警告teach教want想要+sb.+todosth.wish希望expect期望encourage鼓勵(lì)allow允許invite邀請(qǐng)advise建議require要求force強(qiáng)迫如：Doyouwantmetofindoutthephonenumber?你想要我找出那個(gè)號(hào)碼嗎？（2）有些及物動(dòng)詞，接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)（動(dòng)詞+sb.+do），要省略to。這類及物動(dòng)詞常見的有：+dosth.let讓make使have使+dosth.see看見watch注視hear聽到notice注意到feel感覺起來被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要還原to，如makesb.do被動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)閟b.bemadetodo。如：Isawhimreadinthelibraryyesterday.我昨天看到他在圖書館閱讀3.動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語，可放在句首或句末。to表示目的、為了。如：Tolearnmathwell,youmustdomoreexercises.為了學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)，你必須多做練習(xí)。Wecameheretoaskyouforhelp.我們來這是為了向你尋求幫助。4.不定式的常見句型Unit2語法小測1．—Doyouwant________agameshow?—No,Idon’t.A．watch B．watching C．watched D．towatch2．Alicelikesmusic,sosheistrying________thepiano.A．play B．toplay C．played3．Mymotherallowsme_______TVforhalfanhourafterfinishingmyhomework.A．watch B．watches C．watching D．towatch4．Mysistertoldmeaninterestingstoryyesterdayanditmademe________.A．laugh B．tolaugh C．laughing5．Myfriendinvitedme________theartclub,andIaccepteditwithpleasure.A．join B．tojoin C．joined6．—Michaellookedunhappy.What’swrongwithhim?—Hefailed_______hismathexam.A．pass B．topass C．passing D．passes7．Lucydecided________tothebeachwithherparentsonhervacation.A．go B．togo C．going8．Ittookthearchitectonlyamonth________theplansofthisbuilding.A．draw B．todraw C．drawing D．drew9．Couldyoupleasetellmethebestplace________onweekends?A．going B．togoto C．goto10．—Remember________tomydaughter’sdanceshownextFriday.—OfcourseIwill.I’llneverforget________herdanceforthefirsttimelastyearA．toe;tosee B．ing;tosee C．toe;seeing七、反身代詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should英語中共有八個(gè)反身代詞，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對(duì)象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示：人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfherselfitselfthemselves統(tǒng)稱oneself反身代詞有三種不同的用法：一、強(qiáng)調(diào)用法

反身代詞在強(qiáng)調(diào)用法中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，即用來加強(qiáng)某個(gè)名詞或者代詞的語氣，可譯成“親自”、“本人”。此時(shí)，它在句中作同位語。即使去掉，也不影響句子的完整性。例如：

（1）You

must

do

it

yourself.(你必須自己做)

（2）I

myself

did

the

homework

last

night。（昨晚是我自己做了家庭作業(yè)）二、非強(qiáng)調(diào)用法

這種用法通常表示反身代詞與句中的主語是同一人。它在句中作賓語，不能省略，否則該句是一個(gè)意義不完整的錯(cuò)句。例如：

（1）Jane

is

too

young

to

look

after

herself.（簡年紀(jì)太小，以至于不能照看自己）

（2）I

teach

myself

English.（我自學(xué)英語）

（3）He

didn't

hurt

himself,

thank

goodness.(他未傷了他自己，謝天謝地。)

三、與by搭配

當(dāng)反身代詞與by搭配時(shí)，意為：單獨(dú)地，沒有人幫助的。例如：

（1）We

must

finish

it

all

by

ourselves.（我們必須全靠自己去完成。）

（2）He

can

swim

all

by

himself.（他能獨(dú)自一個(gè)人游泳。）一些常用的固定搭配:teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自學(xué)enjoyoneself玩得高興；過得愉快helponeselftosth.請(qǐng)自用……（隨便吃/喝些……）saytooneself自言自語dressoneslef自己穿衣loseoneselfin沉迷于..should的用法：句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Weshouldhelpthepeopl