Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour【題目優(yōu)選】假設(shè)你是李華，喜歡學(xué)習(xí)英語，在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)自己看不懂一些英語笑話，請根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)給某英文報(bào)刊編輯寫一封信就這一問題進(jìn)行咨詢：1.我是個(gè)英語愛好者，英語成績還不錯(cuò)；2.不能理解英語雜志上小笑話的幽默之處；3.向編輯咨詢出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因并尋求改進(jìn)建議。4．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出。Deareditor，IamLiHua,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHua【經(jīng)典范文】Dear_editor,_I_am_Li_Hua,_aseniorhighschoolstudent,wholovesEnglishverymuch,andIamwritingtoaskyouforhelp.IhavebeenlearningEnglishhardforaboutsixyearsandmyEnglishteacheroftenpraisesmeformyexcellentperformance.However,IamverypuzzledwhenIcan'tunderstandsomejokesatallinsomeEnglishmagazinessuchasReader'sDigest,althoughIknowallthewords.CouldyoupleasetellmethereasonwhyIcan'ttakeinthehumourinthejokes?Maybeyoucangivemesomesuggestionsonhowtochangethesituation.Bestwishestoyou!Iamlookingforwardtoreceivingyourletter.Yours_sincerely,_Li_Hua【名師點(diǎn)撥】本文思路清晰，要點(diǎn)齊全。文中詞匯豐富，如高級詞匯puzzled,situation,suchas等；文章句式多變，成功地使用了定語從句、時(shí)間狀語從句及讓步狀語從句等。另外，過渡性詞語如however,maybe等的使用，使行文自然流暢。1．核心單詞(1)content(adj.)滿足的；滿意的(n.)滿足(vt.)使?jié)M足(2)entertain(vt.&vi.)使歡樂；款待→entertainment(n.)娛樂→entertaining(adj.)有趣的；使人愉快的(3)overe(vt.&vi.)戰(zhàn)勝；克服→overcame(過去式)→overe(過去分詞)(4)convince(vt.)使信服→convincing(adj.)令人信服的(5)direct(vt.&vi.)導(dǎo)演；指示；指揮(adj.)直的；直接的；直率的→direction(n.)指導(dǎo)；方向→director(n.)導(dǎo)演→directly(adv.&conj.)直接地；徑直地；一……就……(6)slide(vt.&vi.)(使)滑動(dòng)；(使)滑行(n.)滑；滑動(dòng)；幻燈片→slid(過去式/過去分詞)(7)whisper(n.)耳語；低語(v.)低語；小聲說(8)react(vi.)作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→reaction(n.)反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)2．閱讀單詞(1)astonish(vt.)使驚詫(2)astonishing(adj.)令人感到驚訝的(3)fortunate(adj.)幸運(yùn)的；吉利的(4)unfortunately(adv.)不幸地(5)ordinary(adj.)平常的；普通的(6)bored(adj.)厭煩的(7)worn(adj.)用舊的；用壞的；破爛的(8)failure(n.)失敗(者)(9)outstanding(adj.)突出的；杰出的；顯著的(10)gesture(n.)姿態(tài)；手勢(vi.)做手勢(11)particularly(adv.)特殊地；特別地(12)occasion(n.)時(shí)刻；場合(13)amuse(vt.)使發(fā)笑；使愉快(14)explanation(n.)解釋；講解；說明(15)drunk(adj.)醉的【即景活用】用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．WhatwasJeff's________(react)whenyoutoldhimaboutthejob?答案：reaction2．MyEnglishteachersuggestedthatIshouldlearnfrommy________(fail)andhopedIcoulddobetternexttime.答案：failure3．Thejudgedidn'tbelievehis________(explain)thathehadstolenthemoneyinordertogiveittocharity.答案：explanation4．ButIamnotpersuadedthathe,oranybodyelse,offers________(convince)answers.答案：convincing5．Theboyis________(particular)interestedinmakingmodelplanes.答案：particularly6．Aboyshoutedinmy________(direct)acrosstheplayground.答案：direction7．She________(whisper)afewwordsweaklybeforeshefelldown.答案：whispered8．Children'sTVnowadaysismuchmore________(entertain)．答案：entertaining9．Theyweredancingandsingingonthesquare,muchtothe________(amuse)ofpassers-by.答案：amusement10．Theboywas________(slide)ontheice,butsuddenlyhelosthisbalanceandfelldown.答案：sliding聯(lián)想積累1．“-ous”后綴形容詞一覽①humorous幽默的②dangerous危險(xiǎn)的③mountainous多山的④continuous連續(xù)的⑤poisonous有毒的⑥generous慷慨的⑦famous著名的⑧numerous大量的2．“滿足；滿意”家族①contentadj.滿足的；滿意的②satisfyvt.使?jié)M意；滿足③satisfactionn．滿意；滿足④pleasedadj.高興的；滿意的⑤meetvt.滿足3．各種“驚訝”①astonishing令人驚訝的②amazing令人吃驚的③surprising出人意料的④shocking令人震驚的4．“說”法薈萃①whisper小聲說；耳語②speak說；演講；發(fā)言③chat聊天④inform通知；告訴⑤announce宣告；宣布⑥declare宣布；聲明⑦ment評論；議論1．up_to_now直到現(xiàn)在2．feel/be_content_with對……感到滿足3．badly_off窮的；缺少的4．pick_out挑出；辨別出5．cutoff切斷；斷絕6．starin在……擔(dān)任主角；主演7．pickup偶爾獲得；收聽；好轉(zhuǎn)；拾起；用車接某人8．reactto對……作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)【即景活用】用所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空eq\x(starin，badlyoff，cutoff，pickout，reactto，becontentwith)1．Theteacher________whatthestudentshaddoneintheholiday.答案：wascontentwith2．Everyonemakesmistakes,buttherealtestishowyou________them.答案：reactto3．Itisusuallyeasierto________themeaningofawordinagivencontext.答案：pickout4．Thewatersupplyinthatcity________forseveraldaysbecauseofpollution.答案：wascutoff5．Theschoolisrather________forequipment.答案：badlyoff6．Everybodythoughtthisyoungactorwouldhaveabrightfutureafterhe________twofilms.答案：starredin聯(lián)想積累1．“v.＋out”常用短語薈萃①pickout挑選；辨認(rèn)出②giveout分發(fā)；耗盡；用光；發(fā)出(光、熱或信號)③workout制定出；計(jì)算出；鍛煉④runout用光；耗盡⑤makeout理解；辨認(rèn)出⑥carryout實(shí)行；實(shí)施⑦figureout理解；弄清楚2．“be＋adj.＋about”短語小結(jié)①beparticularabout對……挑剔②beanxiousabout為……感到擔(dān)心/焦慮③becautiousabout對……謹(jǐn)慎④becrazyabout對……瘋狂⑤becuriousabout對……感到好奇⑥benervousabout對……感到緊張⑦bescepticalabout對……感到懷疑3．“v.＋into”短語大全①breakinto闖入；破門而入②burstinto闖入；突然發(fā)作③getinto進(jìn)入；陷入④gointo進(jìn)入；從事(某類工作)；詳細(xì)解釋⑤lookinto調(diào)查；觀察⑥putinto往……投入(資金)；在……花費(fèi)；為……增添(某種)特質(zhì)⑦runinto撞上；偶然碰見⑧turninto變成1．Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家境更加艱難。2．Thenhepicksoutthelaceoftheshoeandeatsitasifitwerespaghetti.然后他挑出鞋帶來吃，像是吃意大利面條一樣?！揪涫椒聦憽?．Thelittlegirlwasleftaloneintheroom,__________________.這個(gè)小女孩被單獨(dú)留在房間里，難過地哭了。答案：cryingbitterly2．Theypletelyignorethesefacts________theyneverexisted.他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它們不存在一樣。答案：asif/though聯(lián)想積累現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式作結(jié)果狀語小結(jié)①現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作結(jié)果狀語常表示“意料，情理之中，自然而然”的結(jié)果。這種分詞的邏輯主語既可以是句子的主語，也可以是前邊的整個(gè)句子；邏輯主語為前邊的整個(gè)句子時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。②不定式(短語)作結(jié)果狀語常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。[單詞點(diǎn)津]contentadj.滿足的；滿意的n.滿足；內(nèi)容；含量vt.使?jié)M足[教材原句]Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed,sotheycouldfeelmorecontentwiththeirlives.在人們感到沮喪的時(shí)候，查理使人們開懷大笑，于是他們對自己的生活感到比較滿足。(1)becontenttodosth.＝bewilling/readytodosth.樂于做某事；滿足于做某事feel/becontentwithsth.＝feel/besatisfied/pleasedwithsth.對某事感到滿意/滿足(2)contentsb./oneselfwith使某人/自己對……感到滿足(3)toone'scontent使某人滿意的是withcontent滿意地；滿足地【特別提醒】(1)content作形容詞時(shí)，只用作表語；若用于名詞前作定語，要用contented。(2)content作“目錄”解時(shí)，總是用其復(fù)數(shù)形式?！炯淳盎钣谩?1)單句語法填空①Weshouldneverbecontent________bookknowledgeonly.②Iamcontent________(view)themountainsfrombelow.③Iemptiedthe________(content)ofthefridgeintocarrierbags.答案：①with②toview③contents(2)完成句子Astimewenton,he__________________asimplelife.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他滿足于過簡樸的生活。答案：wascontentwith/contentedhimselfwithastonishingadj.令人感到驚訝的[教材原句]YoumayfinditastonishingthatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.你可能感到驚奇，查理剛會(huì)說話時(shí)大人就教他唱歌，他剛會(huì)走路時(shí)大人就教他跳舞。(1)beastonishedat/bysth.對某事感到驚訝beastonishedtosee/find/hear/learn...很驚奇地看到/發(fā)現(xiàn)/聽到/得知……Itastonishessb.that...令某人驚訝的是……beastonishedthat...對……感到驚訝(2)astonishmentn．驚訝toone'sastonishment令某人驚訝的是(3)astonishingadj.令人感到驚訝的astonishedadj.感到驚訝的【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空①Iamastonished________thenewsofhisescape.②I'mastonished________(learn)thatherparentsdon'tgiveherloveandcarebutonlygivehermoney.③Muchtomy________(astonish),sherememberedmyname!答案：①at/by②tolearn③astonishment(2)單句改錯(cuò)Peoplearesurprisedtoseethattheeelhasbeenmarkeduptoanastonishedprice._____________________________________________________答案：astonished→astonishingentertainingadj.愉快的；有趣的[教材原句]Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim—hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining.看他的表演沒有人會(huì)感到無聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。(1)entertainsb.with...用……使某人快樂；用……使某人有興趣entertainsb.宴請某人；招待某人entertainoneself自娛自樂(2)entertainv.招待；款待；使有興趣；使快樂【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空①Thetravellerentertainedhisfriend________stories,someofwhichwerereallymorethancouldbebelieved.②Humourwillhelpyourspeechstandoutandkeepeveryone________(entertain)．③Thislawappliestotheatres,cinemasandsomeotherplacesofpublic________(entertain)．答案：①with②entertained③entertainment(2)單句改錯(cuò)①Ientertainedthechildrentostories,songsanddrama._____________________________________________________②Thepoetryisentertainedandpoeticfrombeginningtoend._____________________________________________________答案：①to→with②entertained→entertainingconvincingadj.令人信服的[教材原句]Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted!查理的表演是那么有說服力，以至于你會(huì)相信這頓飯是他所吃過的最美味的一餐！(1)convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事beconvincedofsth.確信某事beconvinced(that)...確信……convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事(2)convincedadj.確信的；信服的(3)convincevt.使確信；使信服【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空①You'llneedtoconvincethem________yourenthusiasmforthejob.②Hismotherhasbeentryingtoconvincehim________(see)adoctor.③Thislastargumentisthemost________(convince)tome.答案：①of②tosee③convincing(2)完成句子Jack______________someoneknowstheyarethere.杰克確信有人知道他們來到了那里。答案：isconvincedthatdirectv.導(dǎo)演；指示；指揮adj.直的；直接的；直率的[教材原句]CharlieChaplinwrote,directedandproducedthefilmshestarredin.查理·卓別林自編、自導(dǎo)、自制他主演的電影。(1)directsb.tosomeplace指引某人到某處directsb.todosth.指示/命令某人做某事direct(that)sb./sth.(should)do/bedone要求某人/事(被)做(2)directionn．方向；指導(dǎo)；指揮；(常用復(fù)數(shù))說明書ineverydirection＝inalldirections朝四面八方inthedirectionof朝……方向underthedirectionofsb./sb'sdirection在某人的指導(dǎo)/管理下(3)directlyadv.直接地；立即conj.一……就(常用于引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)【特別提醒】作為副詞，direct常用于具體意義，意為“中途不停；徑直”；directly常用于抽象意義，意為“直接；立即；馬上”?！炯淳盎钣谩?1)單句語法填空①Thejudgedirectedthedefendant________(remain)silent.②Iwilltelephoneyou________(direct)Ihearthenews.③ThefilmMissGranny________(direct)byChenZhengdaoispopularwithyoungpeople.④________Thompson'sdirection,thecollegehasdevelopedaninternationalreputation.答案：①toremain②directly③directed④Under(2)單句改錯(cuò)Standingatthecrossing,Ifeelcarspassingbyfromalldirections._____________________________________________________答案：from→in[短語點(diǎn)撥]badlyoff窮的；缺少的[教材原句]Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家庭更加艱難。(1)worseoff更窮的；更艱難的welloff富裕的；境況好的betteroff更富裕的；境況更好的badlyoffforsth.缺少某物(2)worseandworse越來越壞；每況愈下gofrombadtoworse越來越壞；每況愈下tomakemattersworse＝whatisworse更糟糕的是【即景活用】(1)單句改錯(cuò)AsfarasIknow,theschoolisratherbadlyoffequipmentandbooks._____________________________________________________答案：off后加for(2)完成句子①They__________________tohaveaholiday.他們太窮，不能去度假。②Wearehopingforanimprovementbutthings________________.我們期望有所改善，但是事情卻每況愈下。③And__________________,thenewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.更糟糕的是，新主人不打算投入它所需要的資金。答案：①aretoobadlyoff②havegonefrombadtoworse③tomakemattersworsepickout挑出；辨別出[教材原句]Thenhepicksoutthelaceoftheshoeandeatsitasifitwerespaghetti.然后他挑出鞋帶來吃，像吃意大利面條一樣。pickoutsb./sth.from...從……中挑出/辨別出某人/物pickup拾起；撿起；(偶然)學(xué)會(huì)；用車接某人；接收(節(jié)目)；身體好轉(zhuǎn)pickyourselfup(跌倒后)站起來；振作起來pickone'spocket扒竊pickone'sway擇路而行；小心看著路行走【即景活用】完成句子①She________________fromthousandsofapplicantsforthejob.她從數(shù)千申請這份工作的人中被挑選出來。②________________.Courageisdoingwhatyou'reafraidtodo.振作起來，勇氣就是做你不敢做的事。③Theyhadto____________throughthemud.他們不得不小心地沿著泥濘的路前行。答案：①waspickedout②Pickyourselfup③picktheirwaycutoff割掉；切斷；使隔絕[教材原句]Charliecutsofftheleathertopoftheshoeandsharestheshoewiththeotherfellow.查理切掉皮鞋上面的部分，和同伴分享這只鞋。(1)cutacross(問題或情緒)影響到不同群體；從某地穿過(2)cutdown砍倒；(疾病等)奪去生命；削減；縮短(3)cutin插嘴；強(qiáng)行超車(后常接on)(4)cut...intohalves/pieces把……切成兩半/碎片(5)cutout剪出某種形狀；割掉；刪掉；停止做(6)cutup切碎【即景活用】完成句子①Thetown______________fromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.由于暴雪小鎮(zhèn)與外界隔絕了。②Bygettingthedesignright,youcan________onaccidents.改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)可以減少意外事故。③________thecarrotsbeforeyouputthemintothepot.把胡蘿卜切碎后再放進(jìn)鍋里。④Accidentsareoftencausedbydriverswhotryto________.司機(jī)超車常常造成意外事故。答案：①wascutoff②cutdown③Cutup④cutin[句型與語法][教材原句]AsVictorHugooncesaid,“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”，anduptonownobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.正如維克多·雨果曾經(jīng)所說：“笑容如陽光，能驅(qū)趕人臉上的寒意”，到目前為止，沒有人能比查理·卓別林更好地做到這一點(diǎn)。(1)as此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，可放在主句之前、之后或中間，意為“正如，正像”。(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的常見搭配：asweallknow眾所周知asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣asweexpect正如我們預(yù)料的那樣asyoucansee如你所見ashasbeensaidabove如上所述asisoftenthecase情況常常是這樣【特別提醒】which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，只能位于主句后面，指代主句整句或部分內(nèi)容?！炯淳盎钣谩客瓿删渥英賍_____________________,“Everycoinhastwosides.”正如古語所說，“每個(gè)硬幣都有兩面”。②G20Summit,__________________,attractedtheattentionofthewholeworld.正如我們所料，G20峰會(huì)引起了全世界的關(guān)注。③Successesfromhardwork,__________________________.眾所周知，成功來自于努力。答案：①Astheoldsayinggoes②asweexpected③asweallknow/asisknowntoall[教材原句]Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted.他的表演是那么有說服力，以至于你會(huì)相信這頓飯是他所吃過的最美味的一餐。(1)句中convincing是動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語。(2)①動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)(動(dòng)詞-ing形式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞)。常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。②動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語動(dòng)詞的-ing形式可以單獨(dú)作定語，也可以構(gòu)成合成詞作定語，但是在更多情況下是分詞短語作定語，包括限制性和非限制性(用逗號和其他部分分開)，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。③動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語與分詞動(dòng)作之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。它主要用于以下兩類動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語：a．表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observe等。b．使役動(dòng)詞，如keep,have,get,leave,catch等?！炯淳盎钣谩?1)單句語法填空①Thesituationisverymuch________(encourage)now.②Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachild________(steal)somefoodintheshop.③Shetriedtoconcentrate,butfoundhermind________(drift)backtoAlex.答案：①encouraging②stealing③drifting(2)單句改錯(cuò)①Sorrytokeepyouwait—Igotstuckinameeting._____________________________________________________②IwanttotellyouthatwhatIamabouttosaywillbeconfused._____________________________________________________答案：①wait→waiting②confused→confusingCharlieChaplinwasa__1__(humour)actor.Heentertaineduswithnonverbalhumour.Borninpoverty,hebecamefamous__2__usingaparticularformofactinginentertainingsilentmovies.Hewas__3__charmingcharacter,well-knownthroughouttheworld.Heplayedapoorandhomelessperson,__4__(wear)largetrousers,worn-outshoesandasmallroundblackhatandcarryingawalkingstick.Thecharacterwasasocial__5__(fail)inthemovies,buthe__6__(love)byallthepeople.Byovering__7__(difficult),beingkindtopeoplewhowereunkindtohim,makingasadsituationentertainingandeatinga__8__(boil)shoe,CharlieChaplinmadeushappyandexcited.CharlieChaplinwrote,directedandproducedmoviesin__9__hestarred.In1972hewasgivenaspecialOscarforhisoutstandingworkofbringinghumourto__10__(we)allthroughfilms.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.humorous2.for3.a4.wearing5.failure6．wasloved7.difficulties8.boiled9.which10.usⅠ.單句語法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.答案：rangingalargecollectionofwildlife與range之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作后置定語。2．Shoppingisnolongerjustanecessity;ithasbeeaformof________(entertain)．答案：entertainment介詞of后接名詞，故填entertainment“娛樂；娛樂活動(dòng)”。3．Thenewssaidthattheschoolsinthatsouthwesternareaare________(bad)offforteachingequipment,andeventeachers.答案：badlybebadlyoffforsth.“缺乏某物”。4．Toeveryone's________(astonish),hehaswonthegame.答案：astonishmenttoone'sastonishment“使某人吃驚的是”。5．Thevillagerdoesn'twantmoremoney—heiscontent________whathehas.答案：withbecontentwith...“對……感到滿足”。6．Sam________(convince)thathisgirlfriendloveshim.答案：isconvincedbeconvincedthat...“確信；相信”。7．Theywere________(wear)outafterworkinginthefieldsthewholedaylong.答案：wornbewornout“筋疲力盡的”。8．Uptonow,I________(read)asfarasthefifthchapter,thesecondvolumeofTheWarandPeace.答案：havereaduptonow“直到現(xiàn)在”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。9．Thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing,________ismentionedabove.答案：as本句中，as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。asismentionedabove“正如上邊所提到的”。10．TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditional________(perform)inMarchandSeptember.答案：performances形容詞additional后應(yīng)接名詞，performance在本句中意為“表演”，是可數(shù)名詞，由空后的介詞短語可知表示多場表演，故填performances。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Perhapsyoucanhelpmepickupapairofjeansnow,sinceyouareanexpert._____________________________________________________答案：up→outpickout“挑選”。2．Shestoodoutsidethestation,lookingatalldirections,butapparentlynoonehadetomeether._____________________________________________________答案：at→ininalldirections“朝/向四面八方”。3．Withtheelectricitybeingcutoff,allthemachineshadtostopworking._____________________________________________________答案：去掉beingcutoff與electricity存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示動(dòng)作已完成。4．OccasionsarequiterarethatIhavetimetospendadaywithmykids._____________________________________________________答案：that→when此處occasions意為“時(shí)機(jī)；時(shí)候”，在本句中為先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語，表時(shí)間。故用when引導(dǎo)該定語從句。5．Beingtooparticularwithwhatyouwearisnotagoodhabit._____________________________________________________答案：with→about/overbeparticularabout/over“對……挑剔/講究”。Ⅲ.語法填空TylerThompsonis__1__unlikelystarintheworldofPekingopera.The15-year-oldfromOaklandhasfascinatedaudiencesintheUSandChinawithhisability__2__(sing)pitch-perfectMandarin(普通話)andperformtheancientChineseartform.Theteen,__3__isblackandonlyspeakssomebasicChinese,hasbeenpraisedbyteacherssincehe__4__(pick)upthemusicasakindergartener.“Assoonasheopens__5__(he)mouthandsingsinChinese,theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelveryproudofhim，”saidhismusicteacher.“Whenheputsonthecostumeandalltheacting,youcanseethatheisprettygood.”Tylerhaslearnedtosingseveralwell-knownpiecesofPekingopera,acenturies-oldformofmusicaltheater__6__(know)foritshighlystructuredcostumes,changinggongs(鑼)andcymbals(鈸),wide-rangingvoicesandhighlystylized__7__(move).Tylergot__8__(stand)cheerswhenheperformed__9__JusticeBao,afamousSongDynastyjudgewhofoughtcorruption,fromtheChineseclassicBaoQingTian.“Themusicisverybeautiful,andit'sverypassionate，”saidTyler.“It'smademe__10__(want)toknowmoreabouttheworldoutsideofAmericaorCaliforniaorOakland.”1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)擅長表演京劇的外國青少年的故事。1．a(chǎn)n考查冠詞。star是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在文章中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，表泛指；形容詞unlikely的讀音以元音音素開頭，故用an。2．tosing考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。abilitytodosth.“做某事的能力”，為固定搭配，故用不定式作后置定語。3．who考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所填關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Theteen，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故填關(guān)系代詞who。4．picked考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。since意為“自從”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，從句常用一般過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5．his考查代詞。根據(jù)語境mouth和主語he可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his修飾名詞mouth，在句子中作定語。6．known考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。know和句子謂語之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且know和其邏輯主語Pekingopera是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。7．movements考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)and可知，此處與名詞voices呼應(yīng)，應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，即movements。8．standing考查形容詞。由空后的名詞cheers可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，standing意為“站著進(jìn)行的”，表示Tyler得到了(觀眾的)起立歡呼。9．a(chǎn)s考查介詞。此處as意為“作為”，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，與performed呼應(yīng)，表示扮演的角色，符合語境。10．want考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。makesb.dosth.“讓某人做某事”，應(yīng)用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，故填want。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)Asthesayinggoes,chancefavoredthepreparedmind.Ilearnedthisfromoneofmyexperience.Iwasnotchosenasmemberofthevolleyballteamofourschool.Becauseofthis,Idecidedtogiveupplayvolleyball.Luckily,mybestfriendstoppedmebutpointedoutthatitwasmylazinessandpoorpreparationwhichledtomyfailure.Afterthat,Ipracticedplayingvolleyballoneveryday.Whenanotherchanceoftryingoutarrived,Iwasfullpreparedandtriedmybest.Asaresult,Iwasselectedandbecameanimportantplayeronourschoolteam.Fromthis,IamfirmlyconvincingthatweareabletoseizeachanceaslongasIgetwellprepared.答案：Asthesayinggoes,chanceeq\o(favored,\s\do14(①favors))thepreparedmind.Ilearnedthisfromoneofmyeq\o(experience,\s\do14(②experiences)).Iwasnotchosenaseq\o(∧,\s\do14(③a))memberofthevolleyballteamofourschool.Becauseofthis,Idecidedtogiveupeq\o(play,\s\do14(④playing))volleyball.Luckily,mybestfriendstoppedmeeq\o(but,\s\do14(⑤and))pointedoutthatitwasmylazinessandpoorpreparationeq\o(which,\s\do14(⑥that))ledtomyfailure.Afterthat,Ipracticedplayingvolleyballeq\o(eq\o(on,＼),\s\do14(⑦))everyday.Whenanotherchanceoftryingoutarrived,Iwaseq\o(full,\s\do14(⑧fully))preparedandtriedmybest.Asaresult,Iwasselectedandbecameanimportantplayeronourschoolteam.Fromthis,Iamfirmlyeq\o(convincing,\s\do14(⑨convinced))thatweareabletoseizeachanceaslongaseq\o(I,\s\do14(⑩we))getwellprepared.難項(xiàng)分析：第五處：but→and考查連詞。本句中，“stopped”和“pointedout”共同作句子的謂語，為并列關(guān)系，故改but為and。第六處：which→that考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。本句中賓語從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是mylazinessandpoorpreparation；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis/was...that/who...，故改which為that。第九處：convincing→convinced考查形容詞。convinced表示人“信服的”；convincing表示事物“令人信服的”。此處構(gòu)成“Sb.befirmlyconvincedthat從句”句型，意為“某人堅(jiān)信……”，故改convincing為convinced。單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAculture'svaluescanbemirroredbyitshumor.HumorhasbeenevaluatedbymanygreatmindssuchasThomasHobbes,whodislikedhumor,“Laughterisnothingelsebutsuddengloryarisingfromsomesuddenthoughtoffeelingfarbetterthanothers.”Hethoughthumortobeanegativequalityofhumannarrowmindedness.However,MordechaiGordon,PhDofEducation,insists,“Humorallowsustoviewtheworldfromananglethatisamusingratherthanserious.”IagreewithGordon.Learningtolookattheworldthroughhumorisimportant.IntheUnitedStates,everyfouryearsanelectionoccurs.Withouthumorasawaytoexpresstheirfeelings,howelsewouldAmericanskeepfromclawingtheireyesoutandgoingthewayoflemming?Televisionshowslike“TheDailyShow”havebeeimportantpartsofAmericanculture.Theyaremotheringthemassesbymetaphorically(隱喻地)airplane-ingpoliticsintoourmouths.Theymakepoliticsfun.Ofcourse,politicsisonlyonetypeofhumor.Socialhumorhelpspeoplethroughthetwistsandturnsofthehumancondition.Americanpopculturepromotesanunhealthyself-image.Onthetopicofself-image,HariKondabolustandsout.Hehasajokeaboutthepopularmusicalgroup“ThePussycatDolls”，describingtheirhitsong“Don'tCha”asanegativerepresentationofwomen.HepointsoutanobviousoffenceinAmericanculture.AstudyfromLoyolaUniversityofMarylandhasshownthathumorisonedeterminingfactorforselectingamatingpartner.Amongstotherthings,mateslookforanoutstandingfunnyboneinapotentialpartner.Ofcourse,humorisnotalwaysusedforgoodpurposes.Humorcanbelinkedtovulgarity(庸俗)andracism,but,likeeverythingelse,ithaspotentialtounitehumanbeingsbyallowingustolaughatourselves,ourfailuresandourconnectionwithoneanother.Thoughlifemayseemtoughanddepressingattimes,allIhavetodoislookinthemirroratmyincreasedwrinkles(皺紋)toknowthatthereisaedyouttherethatevenChaplinwasn'tawareof.Withthatinmind,remembertolaughwithhumanityandsometimesathumanity.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。本文作者通過論證認(rèn)為，一種文化的價(jià)值觀可以通過其幽默反映出來，并決定用幽默的態(tài)度來面對生活。1．Hobbesbelievedthathumor________.A．wasonlyawaytolaughatotherstomakeoneselffeelbetterB．resultedinnarrow-mindednessofhumanbeingsC．hadthepowertomirrorpersonalgloryandnationalvaluesD．wasforpeopletoviewtheworldfromanotherangle答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，ThomasHobbes不喜歡幽默，并從他的話“Laughterisnothingelsebut...thoughtoffeelingfarbetterthanothers.”可知，他認(rèn)為幽默僅僅是嘲笑別人并讓自己感覺更好的一種方法而已。應(yīng)選A。2．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspoliticalhumor?A．Worried. B．Disappointed.C．Curious. D．Appreciative.答案：D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Withouthumorasawaytoexpresstheirfeelings,howelsewouldAmericanskeepfromclawingtheireyesoutandgoingthewayoflemming？”及“Theymakepoliticsfun.”可知，作者對于政治幽默持贊賞的態(tài)度。appreciative“欣賞的，賞識的”。3．Thefourthparagraphisdevelopedmainly________.A．byexample B．byprocessC．byparison D．byclassification答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的第四句及下文中的解釋可知，作者是通過舉例子來支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)的。故選A。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Chaplinwasn'tawareofbeinglaughedat.B．Theauthorfeelshelplessandsadaboutgettingolder.C．Neverbetheonewholaughsatotherpeople.D．Theauthorisdeterminedtofacelifewithasenseofhumor.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“toknowthatthereisaedyoutthere”和最后一段中的“remembertolaughwithhumanity”可知，作者積極肯定幽默的價(jià)值，決定以幽默的態(tài)度來面對生活。故選D。BWhetheryou'reeatingatafancyrestaurantordininginsomeone'shome,propertablemannersarelikelytohelpyoumakeagoodimpression.AccordingtoaUSexpert,EmilyPost,“Allrulesoftablemannersaremadetoavoidugliness.”WhileHenryHitchingsoftheLosAngelesTimesadmitsthatgoodmannerscanreducesocialconflicts,hepointsoutthatmostlytheirpurposeisprotective—theyturnournaturalwarrior-likeselvesintomoreelegantones.Sowheredidtablemannersefrom?InmedievalEngland,awriternamedPetrusAlfonsitooktheleadtourgepeoplenottospeakwiththeirmouthsfull.AndKingDavidⅠofScotlandalsoproposedthatanyofhispeoplewholearnedtoeatmoreneatlybegivenataxdeduction(扣除)．Disappointingly,thatideanevercaught_on.ItwasduringtheRenaissance,whentherewererealtechnicaldevelopments,thatopinionsofcorrectbehaviorchangedforgood.“Noneofthesewasmoresignificantthantheintroductionofthetablefork，”wroteHitchings.“Gradually,asforksbecamepopular,theybroughtthenewwayofeating,makingitpossible,forinstance,toconsumeberrieswithoutmakingone'sfingersdirty.”ForkswereintroducedtoBritainin1608and25yearslater,thefirsttableforkreachedAmerica.YetwhilemostoftheessentialsarethesameonbothsidesoftheAtlantic,thereareafewcleardifferencesbetweenwhat'snormalintheUSandwhatholdstrueintheUK.Forexample,intheUS,whenfoodneedscuttingwithaknife,peoplegenerallycutabite,thenlayasidetheknifeandswitchtheforktotheirrighthand.Thentheypickuponebiteatatime.Bycontrast,Britonskeeptheforkinthelefthandanddon'tlaytheknifedown.Thoughglobalizationhasdevelopedanewandsimpleinternationalstandardoftablemanners,somepeoplestillstickwiththeAmericancut-and-switchmethod.TheLosAngelesTimesnoted,“Theyarehangingontoaformofbehaviorthatfavorsmannersaboveefficiency.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。全文介紹了餐桌禮儀在西方國家的發(fā)展與形成過程。5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theimportanceofpropertablemanners.B．ThedevelopmentoftablemannersinWesterncountries.C．SomeunwrittenrulesoftablemannersintheUSandUK.D．DifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishtablemanners.答案：B主旨大意題。從中世紀(jì)英國(InmedievalEngland)談到文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期(duringtheRenaissance)，再到1608年以及25年后(in1608and25yearslater)，作者講述了餐桌禮儀在西方國家的發(fā)展與形成過程。故選B。6．Theunderlinedphrase“caughton”inthepassageprobablymeans“________”．A．workedinpractice B．becamepopularC．drewattention D．hadapositiveeffect答案：B詞義猜測題。上一段最后一句談到了利用減稅的政策來鼓勵(lì)人們注意餐桌禮儀，再結(jié)合畫線詞所在句子中的“Disappointingly”一詞可知，這一政策并沒有產(chǎn)生理想的效果，也就是說這一政策并沒有流行起來。故選B。7．Whichofthefollowingeventsinfluencedpeople'stablemannersmostaccordingtothepassage?A．Theintroductionofthetablefork.B．Thetaxdeductionpolicy.C．TheriseoftheRenaissance.D．PetrusAlfonsi