第十一講議論文議論文是以議論為主要表達方式的常用文體，它通過擺事實、講道理、辨是非，來表達作者的見解和主張。中學英語書面表達所要求的議論文，是一種限定的寫作，其論點、論據(jù)和論證都比較明確，考生可以結合題目要求，闡述相關的觀點，切忌隨意發(fā)揮。寫好議論文要注意以下幾個方面：1．把握好議論文的三要素：論點、論據(jù)和論證。論點要明確，論據(jù)要充分，論證要嚴密。2．選用適宜的論證方法。常用的論證方法有：歸納法(從分析典型即分析個別事物入手，找出事物的共同特點，然后得出結論)；推理法(從一般原理出發(fā)，對個別事物進行說明、分析，然后得出結論)；對照法(把正反兩方面進行對照，然后加以分析，得出結論)；駁論法(先列出錯誤的觀點，然后逐條加以批駁，最后說明自己的觀點)等。3．掌握議論文的一般結構：引子，正文，結論。4．運用起關聯(lián)作用的詞語，能使文章脈絡更加清晰，邏輯關系更加順暢?！颈貍湓~匯】recentlyadv.最近nowadaysadv.現(xiàn)在argumentn．爭論arousevt.引起sayingn．諺語proverbn．諺語，格言concludev．得出結論discussionn．討論analysisn．分析influencen．影響majorityn．多數(shù)asfollows如下payattentionto注意indemand需求【常用句式】一、根底句式1．Itgoeswithoutsayingthat.../Itisself-evidentthat...不言而喻……2．Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat...可以肯定地說……3．Astheproverbsays，...常言道，……4．Ithastobenoticedthat...需要注意的是……5．It’scommonly/generallyrecognized/believedthat...人們普遍認為……6．It’slikelythat...很可能……7．It’shardlytoomuchtosaythat...毫不夸張地說……8．Whatcallsforspecialattentionisthat...需要特別注意的是……9．Generally,theadvantagescanbelisted/seenasfollows.大體上，有以下幾方面優(yōu)點。10．Thereasonsareasfollows.原因如下。11．Allthingsconsidered，...就各方面而言，……12．Itmaybesafelysaidthat...可以有把握地說……13．Here’sonemoreexample.還有一例。14．Thesameistrueof...……也是如此。15．Thisoffersatypicalinstanceof...這(為我們)提供了一個典型的例子……16．Frommypointofview/AsfarasI’mconcerned/Personallyspeaking,itwouldbebetterif...我認為，如果……會更好。二、高級句式1．Alongwiththedevelopmentof...,moreandmore...隨著……的開展，越來越多的……2．Thereisalongrunningdebateastowhether...對于是否……有一個長期存在的爭論。3．Somepeoplethinkthat...Tobefrank,Ican’tagreewiththeiropinionforthereasonsbelow.一些人認為……。坦白地說，我不同意他們的觀點，原因如下。4．Foryears，...hasbeenseenas...,butthingsarequitedifferentnow.多年以來，……一直被看作是……，但現(xiàn)在情況大不一樣了。5．Myargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.針對這一問題，我的觀點如下。6．Ican’tentirelyagreewiththeideathat...Ibelieve...我不能完全同意……的觀點。我認為……7．There’snodenyingthat...不可否認的是……8．Nothingisfarmoreimportantthanthefactthat...沒有什么比……這一事實更為重要。9．Therefore,inmyopinion,it’smoreadvisableto...因此，我認為，更可取的是……10．Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat...根據(jù)上面的討論，我們可以毫無疑問地得出……的結論。11．Thedata/statistics/figuresleadustotheconclusionthat...由數(shù)據(jù)我們可以得出……的結論。12．Therefore,wehavethereasontobelievethat...因此，我們有理由相信……13．Justasapopularsayinggoes，“Everycoinhastwosides”，thisprojectisnoexception，andinotherwords,itstillhasnegativeaspects.正如一諺語所說：任何事物都是一分為二的。這個工程也不例外，換句話說，它也有消極的方面。14．Confrontedwith...,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.面對……問題，我們應該采取一些有效措施。【萬能模板】Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat______.Butopinionsconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat________.Intheirviewstherearetwofactorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows.Inthefirstplace，________.Inthesecondplace，________.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat________.Intheirpointofview,first，________；second，________.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat________.Itisnotonlybecause________，butalsobecause________.Themore________，themore________.Nowadays，whenaskedabout______，manypeopleprefer________becauseithasasignificantroleinourdailylife.Generally,itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows.First________.Besides，________.Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Oneofthedisadvantagesisthat________.Tomakemattersworse，________.Throughtheaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatthepositiveaspectsoutweighthenegativeones.Therefore,Iwouldliketo________.中國式過馬路，是網(wǎng)友對局部中國人集體闖紅燈現(xiàn)象的一種調(diào)侃，即“湊夠一撮人就可以走了，和紅綠燈無關?！薄爸袊竭^馬路”一經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡傳播，立刻引發(fā)網(wǎng)友的討論。請你針對這一現(xiàn)象寫一篇英語短文，談談你的看法。要求：詞數(shù)為120左右。參考詞匯：中國式過馬路Chinesestyleofcrossingtheroad【參考范文】Recently,theso-called“Chinesestyleofcrossingtheroad”hasevokedheateddiscussions.Itisaphenomenondescribingagroupofpedestrianscrossingthestreetregardlessoftheredlightandvehicles.ThisisreallyacommonphenomenonthatcanbeseeninmanycitiesofChina.Ifoneiscrossingthestreetalonewhilethetrafficlightisred,hemaystopandhesitate.Butonceheisjoinedbyothersandagroupcomesintobeing,theywillmarchonbravelyasiftherewerenotrafficlightsorvehicles.Itreflectsthet