高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)系列知識(shí)_第1頁
高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)系列知識(shí)_第2頁
高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)系列知識(shí)_第3頁
高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)系列知識(shí)_第4頁
高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)系列知識(shí)_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩80頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

付費(fèi)下載

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

高考英語復(fù)習(xí)系列知識(shí)

很多同學(xué)看了很多語法書,可是覺得自己做題的時(shí)候,自己對(duì)語法掌握得還不是很好.

當(dāng)然原因很多.其一就是很多同學(xué)在研究語法(這是語法學(xué)家做的事情),比如哪些詞可以做

主語,背得很熟,可是做題時(shí)卻用不上.其二就是基本的語法規(guī)則沒有掌握本站將推出高

考語法復(fù)習(xí)專題,從高考的角度來講語法希望對(duì)有需要的同學(xué)有幫助.

特色:推出一句話語法.一句話語法為語法之精要,在此基礎(chǔ)上擴(kuò)展就可以形成語法體系.

語法復(fù)習(xí)一:句子成分;簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要

成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。

(-)主語:主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句

(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、

代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。一句話語法:主語由名

詞性的詞來充當(dāng).例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(數(shù)詞)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)

(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,一般放

在主語之后。一句話語法:謂語由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng).有很多同學(xué)在寫作的時(shí)候容易犯的錯(cuò)誤就是要

么亂用be動(dòng)詞,要么句子沒有謂語動(dòng)詞.謂語的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡單謂語:山「■個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動(dòng)詞原形非

常重要,如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加

表語構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,

get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、

動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話語法:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞!例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)

Isityours?(代詞)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)

Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)

Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副詞)注意:副詞可以做表語的只有幾個(gè),非常簡單,考試不考,

所以上面說:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞!我們所復(fù)習(xí)的語法直接針對(duì)高考,不是搞語法研究,

這點(diǎn)請(qǐng)大家一定要記住.

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)

(五)賓語:賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。一句話語法:

賓語山名詞性的詞充當(dāng),賓語分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這點(diǎn)

非常重要,務(wù)必要牢記.例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)

賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果

同學(xué)搞不清楚什么是雙賓語,記卜卜.面這個(gè)句子:givemeabook.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.

說得白一點(diǎn),雙就是兩個(gè)的意思.(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheir

monitor.

(六)賓語補(bǔ)足語:英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有?個(gè)直接賓語以外,還要有?個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語,

才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語+

賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。一句話語法:

賓語補(bǔ)足語使用形容詞,不用副詞.例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)

Letthefreshairin.(副詞)

Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)

(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。?句話語法:定語使用形容詞定

語可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)

HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussuiprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)

(八)狀語:修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子(這個(gè)就叫狀語,一句話語法:狀語用副詞,

不用形容詞),說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可山以下形式表示:

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語)

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)

Waitaminute.(名詞)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)

狀語種類如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語)(表示時(shí)間就是時(shí)間狀語,那表示原因的呢?對(duì)

嘍,就是原因狀語)

Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.(條件狀語)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語)

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語)

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語)

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語)

練習(xí)一

一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.1shallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(一)、謂語(=)、賓語(?):

Ihopeyouareverywell.Fmfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandFmhelping

myDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,so

everydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsof

ourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrow

wheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwo

menworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthe

vegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthe

vegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelsto

differentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(一)、狀語(=)、補(bǔ)語(?):

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery

happy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat-toomuch

inmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.

InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.Therearefivedifferenttime

areasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.Howmanydifferent

timeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybest

regardstoyourparents.

四、選擇填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold

C.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()3.Theappletasted.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotupyesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

()5.Theactorattheageof70.

A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.(leaded

()6.wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

()8.1thinknecessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.1willneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

前三題做不做都可以第四題答案:l?5CBDBB6-10ACBAB

大家重點(diǎn)做一下第四題,有些題目比較難(當(dāng)然是相對(duì)于我們剛復(fù)習(xí)的語法而言,比如第?題

是定語從句,這個(gè)我們還沒有復(fù)習(xí)到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完題之后,回過頭來再看一下

一句話語法是不是很有用.

語法復(fù)習(xí)一:句子成分;簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

(-)句子種類兩種分類法

1、按句子的用途可分四種:

1)陳述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.

特點(diǎn):用句號(hào)結(jié)束一個(gè)句子

2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven

yearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?

疑問句就是問句

3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass

祈使句:表示命令或者請(qǐng)求.和有沒有主語沒有關(guān)系

4)感嘆句:Howclevertheboyis!

還有一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是用Iwhat.how后面加上的是形容詞副詞.what后面加上的是名詞.

2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:

1)簡單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)。

e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys.

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.

2)并列句:由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的筒單句連在一起

構(gòu)成。

要注意喲,逗號(hào)是不可以連接句子的,這一點(diǎn)和漢語不同.

e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語

從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。

有主句和從句構(gòu)成,在一個(gè)句子前面加上連詞(當(dāng)然不是and,but,or了),這個(gè)句子就是從句了.

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.

(二)簡單句的五種基本句型

1、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語:e.g.Heisastudent.

2>主語+不及物動(dòng)詞:e.g.Wework.

3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.

4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語):

e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.

5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.

注:其他各種句子都可山這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。

這是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下來吧

(三)并列句的分類

1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念,常用and,notonly-butalso---,neither,--nor,then等連接。e.g.

TheteacherJsnameisSmith,andthestudentrsnameisJohn.

2、表示選擇,常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou*11missthetrain.

3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折,常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwith

thickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.

4、表示因果關(guān)系,常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforrive

harvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.

這里大家記住這些連詞就夠用了.如果一下子記不住這么多,就記一個(gè)兩個(gè),記住有的時(shí)候不

要和自己較勁

(四)高考考點(diǎn)探討

1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多,但是

在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解,在書面表達(dá)中,沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力

是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。

2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合

于一體來考查。一個(gè)題目,幾個(gè)考點(diǎn),是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

3、高考對(duì)簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如:and,but,

or,while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。

4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在?起,以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯,

時(shí)間從句與條件從句中,如果主句是將來時(shí),從句則用一般式表將來,這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)常

考查。

如:Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow?

練習(xí)二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:

1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.

2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.

3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?

4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenin

theevening.

5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.

6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.

7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.

8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?

9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.

10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.

二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:

Ihopeyouareverywell().Fmfine,buttired().RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'm

helpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().Itisthetimeofyearfor

thericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.()Sometimeswegoonworkingafter

darkbythelightsofourtractors().WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorth

whereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm().Althoughthe

farmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim().Butheemploysmoremenforthe

harvest().Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummer

here().Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwater

fromawell().Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery

happy().Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside().It'sgreat()!Americanseatalotofmeat

—toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer().1don't,becauseIhaveto

drivehomeaftertheparty().Inyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasofthe

States().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates().Inmystatewearefourteenhours

behindBeijingtime().HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina()?Well,Imust

stopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents().

三、選擇填空:重點(diǎn)做

1.GivemeonemoreminuteFilbeabletofinishit.

A.andB.orC.ifD.so

2.It'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,?

A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit

3.joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!

A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan

4.Letuspass,?

A.shan'tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyou

5.1supposehe'sserious,___?

A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'the

6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,?

A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou

7.Trainashardasyoucan___you'llwintheswimmingcompetition.

A.thenB.butC.andD.or

8.I'msorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhen

youlefttheroomlastnight.

A.andB.butC.soD.because

9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.

A.Henryhasn'ttooB.Henryalsohasnoteither

C.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry

10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,

othersenjoyswimming.

A.orB.forC.whileD.so

11.——Doyoufeellikegoingout__wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?

——rdliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so

12.——“isthetemperaturetoday?^^----"It's38degrees.”

A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh

13.——Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?----.

A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heis

14.friendlytoeveryone!

A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis

15.Marywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.

A.orB.soC.forD.yet

16.Motheradresswhenshecutherfinger.

A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made

17.Helayinbedreadsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.

A.butB.andC.orD.yet

18.-rdreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.

--whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.

A.TellmeB.Ifyouwouldsaytome

C.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme

19.Asheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.

A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he

20.——Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.——Ihad,Fvelostit.

A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so

21.____downtheradio——thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.

A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn

22.——Idon'tlikechickenfish.

——Idon'tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.

A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but

23.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?

——I'dliketo,I'mtoobusy.

A.andB.soC.asD.but

24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?

A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise

25.Shesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.

A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived

26.“Can'tyouread?^^Marysaidtothenotice.

A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily

C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed

27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwas

talkingaboutmydaughter.

A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while

28.itwithmeandI'llseewhatIcando.

A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave

29.——Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,?——ButIfedityesterday.

A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou

30.himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.

A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch

四、按要求完成下列句子:

1.Hedarestotellthetruth.(改為否定句)

2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)

3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,?

(完成反意疑問)

4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.(改為祈使句)

5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改為一般疑問句)

6.Itisaninterestingstory.(改為感嘆句)

7.Thismagazinecomesout(出版)everyotherweek.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)

8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?(完成反意疑問)

9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.(改為感嘆句)

lO.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.

(對(duì)畫線部分提問)

一、1、簡單句;2、復(fù)合句;3、簡單句;4、簡單句;5、并列句;6、復(fù)合句;7^并列句;

8、復(fù)合句;9、簡單句;10、簡單句

二、

Ihopeyouareverywell(復(fù)合句).I'mfine,buttired(簡單句).Rightnowitisthesummer

vacationandTmhelpingmyDadonthefarm(并歹ll句).Augustisthehottestmonthhere(簡單

句).Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(并歹U句)

Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors(簡單句).Wegrowriceinthe

southoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat(并歹U復(fù)合句).Wehavea

lotofmachinesonthefarm(簡單句).Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomen

workingforhim(復(fù)合句).Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest(簡單句).Mybrothertakes

careofthevegetablegarden(簡單句).Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere(簡單句).Asa

result,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden(簡單句).Everyeveningwepumpwaterfroma

well(簡單句).Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden(簡單句).

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime(簡單句).Thesepartiesoftenmake

usveryh叩py(簡單句).Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside(簡單句).Il'sgreat(簡單句)!

Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion(簡單句).Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer

(簡單句).Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty(復(fù)合句).Inyourletteryou

askedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates(簡單句).Therearefivedifferenttimeareasin

theStates(簡單句).InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime(簡單句).Howmany

differenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina(簡單句)?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep(簡單

句).Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents(簡單句).

三、1-5ACADD6-10BCBDC11?15ADBCC16~20ABADB21~25DDDCD26?30ADDBD

四、1.Hedoesn'tdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.2.Howlonghavetheylived

here?3.won'tthere4.Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.5.Didtheygoforawalkaftersupper

yesterdayevening?6.Whataninterestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!7.How

oftendoesthismagazinecomeout?8.couldthey9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!10.Whois

alwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?

高考語法復(fù)習(xí)二、主謂一致

在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這就叫主謂一

致。尋其規(guī)律,大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。

(一)語法一致原則:語法上一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。

1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單

數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./Tostudy

Englishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereinthe

classroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.

注意:由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式,但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或

what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:WhatIbought

werethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.

2、山連接詞and或both…and連接起來的合成主語后面,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。如:

LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhen

theyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.

注意:①若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。

如:Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②山and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,

everymorethana(an),manya(an)修飾時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:Everystudentand

everyteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.

3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,rather

than,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主

語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometo

China./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.

4、either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,

都作單數(shù)看待。如:Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.

注意:①在口語中當(dāng)either或ne汕er后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語時(shí),其謂語

動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名詞是不可

數(shù)名詞,它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都

可以。如:Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.

5、在定語從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞

的數(shù)一致。如:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriends

whoisworkinghard.

6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動(dòng)

詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如:Class

Fourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.

注意:people,police,cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.

7、由ualotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)

或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語,其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如:

Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthe

studentsinourclassaregirls.

注意:anumberof“許多”,作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);thenumberof"…的數(shù)量”,

主語是number,謂語用單數(shù)。

8、在倒裝句中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如:Therecomesthebus./Onthewallare

manypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.

(二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致(因有時(shí)

主語形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù))。

1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù),主要靠意思來決定。如:

Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.

2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,

這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體,如:Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.

3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)

形式。如:"TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.

4、表數(shù)量的短語"oneandahalf"后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式(也

可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.

5、算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如:Twelveplus

eightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.

6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,

都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形

式。如:Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./1thinkphysicsisn'teasytostudy.

7>trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等詞作由語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有a(the)

pairof等量詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthe

bedishis.

8、“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”,表示某一類人時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

(三)就近一致原則:在英語句子中,有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。

1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or?,,,notonlybutalso連接時(shí),

謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。如:Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neitherthey

norheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?

2、therebe句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語,則

應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。如:Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..

注意:Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。

語法復(fù)習(xí)二、主謂一致

1.1,whoyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

key:Awho指的是I;Iam所以whoam

2.Therichnotalwayshappy.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

key:Athe+adj指一類人,當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)了;behappy,所以不用have

3.NeitherTomnorJackandIhisstudents.

A.areB.amC.isD.was

key:A就近原則;主語是JackandI

4.MaryaswellashersistersChineseinChina.

A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study

key:C句子主語Mary;aswellashersisters不是主語

5.NeithermyfathernorIathome.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

key:A就近原則

6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofus

____goodpainters.,

A.are;areB.am;amC.am;areD.is;is

key:C第一空就近原則

7.Every'boyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.

A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like

key:B

8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.

A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are

key:Dp叩ulation這個(gè)詞指人,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);指數(shù)字,謂語用單數(shù)

9.ThepopulationofChina__largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

key:A

10.Everymeanstriedbutwithoutanyresult.

A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen

key:Dmeans不是復(fù)數(shù),是一個(gè)單詞,意思是方法手段

11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.

A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished

key:A

12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitoraskedtoattendthemeeting

thisafternoon.

A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing

key:CtheLeaguesecretary和themonitor兩個(gè)人;比較:thedoctorandwriteriscoming...

13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor.

A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen

C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese

key:A

14.Thereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

key:B就近原則

15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclassgirls.

A.areB.wasC.isD.be

key:Aalargenumberof...很多,相當(dāng)于many的用法;比較:thenumberof...指的是數(shù)字,所以謂

語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的形式

16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildrosesmuchifpeople

leavethingsastheyare.

A.doesn*tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changeD.changed

key:A

17.TheArabianNightswellknowntotheEnglish.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

key:AtheArabianNights.天方夜譚,這是?本書,謂語動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)了.

18.ChairmanMao'sworkspublished.

A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is

key:Bworks著作,作品毛主席選集已經(jīng)出版了,當(dāng)然是復(fù)數(shù)了.

19.Achemicalworksbuiltthere.

A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen

key:Dworks工廠

20.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.

A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five

key:B

21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdeveloped

countriesintheworld.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

key:A主語是一個(gè)國家

22.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoelected.

A.areB.haveC.hasD.is

key:D比較:Heisoneofthestudentswhoareelected.

23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthatasked.

A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen

key:C

24.Manyamancometohelpus.

A.haveB.hasC.isD.are

key:B這個(gè)把它背下來

25."AllpresentandallgoingonwellJourmonitorsaid.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論