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高考英語復(fù)習(xí)系列知識(shí)
很多同學(xué)看了很多語法書,可是覺得自己做題的時(shí)候,自己對(duì)語法掌握得還不是很好.
當(dāng)然原因很多.其一就是很多同學(xué)在研究語法(這是語法學(xué)家做的事情),比如哪些詞可以做
主語,背得很熟,可是做題時(shí)卻用不上.其二就是基本的語法規(guī)則沒有掌握本站將推出高
考語法復(fù)習(xí)專題,從高考的角度來講語法希望對(duì)有需要的同學(xué)有幫助.
特色:推出一句話語法.一句話語法為語法之精要,在此基礎(chǔ)上擴(kuò)展就可以形成語法體系.
語法復(fù)習(xí)一:句子成分;簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要
成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。
(-)主語:主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句
(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、
代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。一句話語法:主語由名
詞性的詞來充當(dāng).例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(數(shù)詞)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)
(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,一般放
在主語之后。一句話語法:謂語由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng).有很多同學(xué)在寫作的時(shí)候容易犯的錯(cuò)誤就是要
么亂用be動(dòng)詞,要么句子沒有謂語動(dòng)詞.謂語的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡單謂語:山「■個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、復(fù)合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動(dòng)詞原形非
常重要,如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加
表語構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,
get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、
動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話語法:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞!例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)
Isityours?(代詞)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)
Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)
Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副詞)注意:副詞可以做表語的只有幾個(gè),非常簡單,考試不考,
所以上面說:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞!我們所復(fù)習(xí)的語法直接針對(duì)高考,不是搞語法研究,
這點(diǎn)請(qǐng)大家一定要記住.
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)
(五)賓語:賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。一句話語法:
賓語山名詞性的詞充當(dāng),賓語分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這點(diǎn)
非常重要,務(wù)必要牢記.例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)
賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果
同學(xué)搞不清楚什么是雙賓語,記卜卜.面這個(gè)句子:givemeabook.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.
說得白一點(diǎn),雙就是兩個(gè)的意思.(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheir
monitor.
(六)賓語補(bǔ)足語:英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有?個(gè)直接賓語以外,還要有?個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語,
才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語+
賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。一句話語法:
賓語補(bǔ)足語使用形容詞,不用副詞.例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)
Letthefreshairin.(副詞)
Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)
(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。?句話語法:定語使用形容詞定
語可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussuiprised.(代詞)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)
(八)狀語:修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子(這個(gè)就叫狀語,一句話語法:狀語用副詞,
不用形容詞),說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可山以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)
Waitaminute.(名詞)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)
狀語種類如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語)(表示時(shí)間就是時(shí)間狀語,那表示原因的呢?對(duì)
嘍,就是原因狀語)
Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.(條件狀語)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語)
練習(xí)一
一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.1shallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(一)、謂語(=)、賓語(?):
Ihopeyouareverywell.Fmfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandFmhelping
myDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,so
everydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsof
ourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrow
wheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwo
menworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthe
vegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthe
vegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelsto
differentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(一)、狀語(=)、補(bǔ)語(?):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery
happy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat-toomuch
inmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.
InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.Therearefivedifferenttime
areasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.Howmanydifferent
timeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybest
regardstoyourparents.
四、選擇填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold
C.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotupyesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactorattheageof70.
A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.(leaded
()6.wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.1thinknecessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.1willneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
前三題做不做都可以第四題答案:l?5CBDBB6-10ACBAB
大家重點(diǎn)做一下第四題,有些題目比較難(當(dāng)然是相對(duì)于我們剛復(fù)習(xí)的語法而言,比如第?題
是定語從句,這個(gè)我們還沒有復(fù)習(xí)到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完題之后,回過頭來再看一下
一句話語法是不是很有用.
語法復(fù)習(xí)一:句子成分;簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
(-)句子種類兩種分類法
1、按句子的用途可分四種:
1)陳述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.
特點(diǎn):用句號(hào)結(jié)束一個(gè)句子
2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven
yearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?
疑問句就是問句
3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass
祈使句:表示命令或者請(qǐng)求.和有沒有主語沒有關(guān)系
4)感嘆句:Howclevertheboyis!
還有一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是用Iwhat.how后面加上的是形容詞副詞.what后面加上的是名詞.
2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:
1)簡單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)。
e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.
TomandMikeareAmericanboys.
Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.
2)并列句:由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的筒單句連在一起
構(gòu)成。
要注意喲,逗號(hào)是不可以連接句子的,這一點(diǎn)和漢語不同.
e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.
Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語
從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。
有主句和從句構(gòu)成,在一個(gè)句子前面加上連詞(當(dāng)然不是and,but,or了),這個(gè)句子就是從句了.
e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.
(二)簡單句的五種基本句型
1、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語:e.g.Heisastudent.
2>主語+不及物動(dòng)詞:e.g.Wework.
3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.
4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語):
e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.
5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.
注:其他各種句子都可山這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。
這是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下來吧
(三)并列句的分類
1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念,常用and,notonly-butalso---,neither,--nor,then等連接。e.g.
TheteacherJsnameisSmith,andthestudentrsnameisJohn.
2、表示選擇,常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou*11missthetrain.
3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折,常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwith
thickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.
4、表示因果關(guān)系,常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforrive
harvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.
這里大家記住這些連詞就夠用了.如果一下子記不住這么多,就記一個(gè)兩個(gè),記住有的時(shí)候不
要和自己較勁
(四)高考考點(diǎn)探討
1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多,但是
在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解,在書面表達(dá)中,沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力
是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合
于一體來考查。一個(gè)題目,幾個(gè)考點(diǎn),是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
3、高考對(duì)簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如:and,but,
or,while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。
4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在?起,以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯,
時(shí)間從句與條件從句中,如果主句是將來時(shí),從句則用一般式表將來,這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)常
考查。
如:Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow?
練習(xí)二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:
1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.
2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.
3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?
4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenin
theevening.
5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.
6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.
7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.
8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?
9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.
10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.
二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:
Ihopeyouareverywell().Fmfine,buttired().RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'm
helpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().Itisthetimeofyearfor
thericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.()Sometimeswegoonworkingafter
darkbythelightsofourtractors().WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorth
whereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm().Althoughthe
farmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim().Butheemploysmoremenforthe
harvest().Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummer
here().Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwater
fromawell().Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery
happy().Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside().It'sgreat()!Americanseatalotofmeat
—toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer().1don't,becauseIhaveto
drivehomeaftertheparty().Inyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasofthe
States().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates().Inmystatewearefourteenhours
behindBeijingtime().HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina()?Well,Imust
stopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents().
三、選擇填空:重點(diǎn)做
1.GivemeonemoreminuteFilbeabletofinishit.
A.andB.orC.ifD.so
2.It'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,?
A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit
3.joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!
A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan
4.Letuspass,?
A.shan'tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyou
5.1supposehe'sserious,___?
A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'the
6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,?
A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou
7.Trainashardasyoucan___you'llwintheswimmingcompetition.
A.thenB.butC.andD.or
8.I'msorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhen
youlefttheroomlastnight.
A.andB.butC.soD.because
9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.
A.Henryhasn'ttooB.Henryalsohasnoteither
C.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry
10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,
othersenjoyswimming.
A.orB.forC.whileD.so
11.——Doyoufeellikegoingout__wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?
——rdliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so
12.——“isthetemperaturetoday?^^----"It's38degrees.”
A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh
13.——Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?----.
A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heis
14.friendlytoeveryone!
A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis
15.Marywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.
A.orB.soC.forD.yet
16.Motheradresswhenshecutherfinger.
A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made
17.Helayinbedreadsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.
A.butB.andC.orD.yet
18.-rdreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.
--whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.
A.TellmeB.Ifyouwouldsaytome
C.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme
19.Asheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.
A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he
20.——Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.——Ihad,Fvelostit.
A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so
21.____downtheradio——thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.
A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn
22.——Idon'tlikechickenfish.
——Idon'tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.
A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but
23.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?
——I'dliketo,I'mtoobusy.
A.andB.soC.asD.but
24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?
A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise
25.Shesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.
A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived
26.“Can'tyouread?^^Marysaidtothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed
27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwas
talkingaboutmydaughter.
A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while
28.itwithmeandI'llseewhatIcando.
A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave
29.——Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,?——ButIfedityesterday.
A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou
30.himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.
A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子:
1.Hedarestotellthetruth.(改為否定句)
2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)
3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,?
(完成反意疑問)
4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.(改為祈使句)
5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改為一般疑問句)
6.Itisaninterestingstory.(改為感嘆句)
7.Thismagazinecomesout(出版)everyotherweek.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)
8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?(完成反意疑問)
9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.(改為感嘆句)
lO.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.
(對(duì)畫線部分提問)
一、1、簡單句;2、復(fù)合句;3、簡單句;4、簡單句;5、并列句;6、復(fù)合句;7^并列句;
8、復(fù)合句;9、簡單句;10、簡單句
二、
Ihopeyouareverywell(復(fù)合句).I'mfine,buttired(簡單句).Rightnowitisthesummer
vacationandTmhelpingmyDadonthefarm(并歹ll句).Augustisthehottestmonthhere(簡單
句).Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(并歹U句)
Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors(簡單句).Wegrowriceinthe
southoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat(并歹U復(fù)合句).Wehavea
lotofmachinesonthefarm(簡單句).Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomen
workingforhim(復(fù)合句).Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest(簡單句).Mybrothertakes
careofthevegetablegarden(簡單句).Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere(簡單句).Asa
result,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden(簡單句).Everyeveningwepumpwaterfroma
well(簡單句).Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden(簡單句).
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime(簡單句).Thesepartiesoftenmake
usveryh叩py(簡單句).Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside(簡單句).Il'sgreat(簡單句)!
Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion(簡單句).Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer
(簡單句).Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty(復(fù)合句).Inyourletteryou
askedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates(簡單句).Therearefivedifferenttimeareasin
theStates(簡單句).InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime(簡單句).Howmany
differenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina(簡單句)?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep(簡單
句).Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents(簡單句).
三、1-5ACADD6-10BCBDC11?15ADBCC16~20ABADB21~25DDDCD26?30ADDBD
四、1.Hedoesn'tdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.2.Howlonghavetheylived
here?3.won'tthere4.Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.5.Didtheygoforawalkaftersupper
yesterdayevening?6.Whataninterestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!7.How
oftendoesthismagazinecomeout?8.couldthey9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!10.Whois
alwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?
高考語法復(fù)習(xí)二、主謂一致
在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這就叫主謂一
致。尋其規(guī)律,大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。
(一)語法一致原則:語法上一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。
1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單
數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./Tostudy
Englishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereinthe
classroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
注意:由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式,但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或
what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:WhatIbought
werethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.
2、山連接詞and或both…and連接起來的合成主語后面,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。如:
LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhen
theyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.
注意:①若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。
如:Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②山and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,
everymorethana(an),manya(an)修飾時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:Everystudentand
everyteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.
3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,rather
than,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主
語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometo
China./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.
4、either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,
都作單數(shù)看待。如:Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.
注意:①在口語中當(dāng)either或ne汕er后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語時(shí),其謂語
動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名詞是不可
數(shù)名詞,它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都
可以。如:Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.
5、在定語從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞
的數(shù)一致。如:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriends
whoisworkinghard.
6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動(dòng)
詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如:Class
Fourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.
注意:people,police,cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
7、由ualotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)
或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語,其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如:
Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthe
studentsinourclassaregirls.
注意:anumberof“許多”,作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);thenumberof"…的數(shù)量”,
主語是number,謂語用單數(shù)。
8、在倒裝句中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如:Therecomesthebus./Onthewallare
manypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.
(二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致(因有時(shí)
主語形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù))。
1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù),主要靠意思來決定。如:
Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.
2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,
這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體,如:Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.
3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)
形式。如:"TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.
4、表數(shù)量的短語"oneandahalf"后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式(也
可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.
5、算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如:Twelveplus
eightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.
6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,
都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形
式。如:Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./1thinkphysicsisn'teasytostudy.
7>trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等詞作由語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有a(the)
pairof等量詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthe
bedishis.
8、“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”,表示某一類人時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
(三)就近一致原則:在英語句子中,有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。
1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or?,,,notonlybutalso連接時(shí),
謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。如:Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neitherthey
norheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?
2、therebe句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語,則
應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。如:Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..
注意:Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。
語法復(fù)習(xí)二、主謂一致
1.1,whoyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
key:Awho指的是I;Iam所以whoam
2.Therichnotalwayshappy.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
key:Athe+adj指一類人,當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)了;behappy,所以不用have
3.NeitherTomnorJackandIhisstudents.
A.areB.amC.isD.was
key:A就近原則;主語是JackandI
4.MaryaswellashersistersChineseinChina.
A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study
key:C句子主語Mary;aswellashersisters不是主語
5.NeithermyfathernorIathome.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
key:A就近原則
6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofus
____goodpainters.,
A.are;areB.am;amC.am;areD.is;is
key:C第一空就近原則
7.Every'boyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.
A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like
key:B
8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.
A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are
key:Dp叩ulation這個(gè)詞指人,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);指數(shù)字,謂語用單數(shù)
9.ThepopulationofChina__largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
key:A
10.Everymeanstriedbutwithoutanyresult.
A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen
key:Dmeans不是復(fù)數(shù),是一個(gè)單詞,意思是方法手段
11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.
A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished
key:A
12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitoraskedtoattendthemeeting
thisafternoon.
A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing
key:CtheLeaguesecretary和themonitor兩個(gè)人;比較:thedoctorandwriteriscoming...
13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor.
A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen
C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese
key:A
14.Thereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
key:B就近原則
15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclassgirls.
A.areB.wasC.isD.be
key:Aalargenumberof...很多,相當(dāng)于many的用法;比較:thenumberof...指的是數(shù)字,所以謂
語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的形式
16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildrosesmuchifpeople
leavethingsastheyare.
A.doesn*tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changeD.changed
key:A
17.TheArabianNightswellknowntotheEnglish.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
key:AtheArabianNights.天方夜譚,這是?本書,謂語動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)了.
18.ChairmanMao'sworkspublished.
A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is
key:Bworks著作,作品毛主席選集已經(jīng)出版了,當(dāng)然是復(fù)數(shù)了.
19.Achemicalworksbuiltthere.
A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen
key:Dworks工廠
20.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.
A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five
key:B
21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdeveloped
countriesintheworld.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
key:A主語是一個(gè)國家
22.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoelected.
A.areB.haveC.hasD.is
key:D比較:Heisoneofthestudentswhoareelected.
23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthatasked.
A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen
key:C
24.Manyamancometohelpus.
A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
key:B這個(gè)把它背下來
25."AllpresentandallgoingonwellJourmonitorsaid.
A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD
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