上海中學(xué)2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試2.A.$36.B.$60.3.A.nervous.B.excited.C.sC.Herprofessor'soffice.D.10.A.Becausehefavors13.A.13minutes.B.30minutes.14.A.Itbansthesalesofsa16.A.Studentsareen17.A.Neitherofthem19.A.PlayershaveopportuniDirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesente21.Idarethatwithoutyourhelp,wesomucA.say;can'tmakeC.say;couldn'thavemadeD.t22.ButforthefactthaA.shallhavebehavedB.shouldhavebehavedC.couldhavebehavedD.mighthaveb24.Thedoorwon'tfromtheinside,soyouA.open;maywellB.beopened;maywellC.open;mayaswell25.breakfastearlier,Iwouldhavehadenoughtimetotakecareofdomesticchores.A.HadIB.IfIhadC.WereI26.IfamanlivingintheMiddleAgesforwardintime.hetechnologicallandsA.traveled;wouldhavebeenB.wastotraveC.weregoingtotravel;mustbeD.hadtraveled;would27.Ifyouthehighlightsof2008SummerOlympics,youwouldmostlikelyfindthattheywereallmarkedbysportA.weretoexamineB.hadexamined28.HeboardedtheairplaneasifheanexperiencedA.isB.wereC.hasbeen—Whatapity!IfonlyhewhathisA.listenedtoB.wouldlistento30.inthefuturetobridgethegendA.DoyousuggestwhatwecandoC.Doyousuggestwhatcanwe31.ontheblackboardA.Beingwritten;areC.Writing;isD.Writing;are32.Atnotimeduringthatconversationbytheattacker'sworA.wasanybodythreatenedB.didanybodythreatenC.anybodywasthreatenedD.33.Hardlyheardofus,letalonebeeninfluencedbyourlivC.hasanybody C.SoitwaswithSandraA.tocausingB.tocausedC.tohaving36.Fourofthefivebedroomsmakethemostoftheviewsthroughglassbalconiesthatthesea.A.overlookB.overseeC.overheadD.overc37.WeneedartistsandfilmmakerstopeoplearoundtheA.wakeB.wakenC.awakeD.awaA.elevatedB.assignedC.devoted39.TheywanderingalongtheriverafterworktoappreciateA.vigorousB.vitalC.visibleDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.EachwordcanonlyAB.expressingWhatworddefinedthepastyearforyou?FindoutifyouranswermatchestheactualwordoftheyearCambridgeDictionary's.42for2023ishallucinate.Thecseeorhearthingsthatarenotreallytherebecauseofilmeansomethingdifferent,thankstoAl.AccordingtoCambridge'salternatedefinitionofhall“whenanartificialintelligencehallucinates,itproducesfalseinformation.”creatingdogselfiesorcouldevenhelpyou43ajob,butit'slikelytoproducemisleadingormade-upfacts—or“hallucinating.”wordoftheyearisthebroadertermAI.ChatGPTwasreleasedinlate2022,withcompuseittocutcosts,worryingemployeesthatitwould45theirjobs.AIpio anexecutiveorderon“safe,secureand.47artificialintelWithMerriam-Webster'swordauthentic,wehaveanAItrifecta(三連勝)!Whileitscoremethesame—"notfalsone'sownpersonality,spiritorcharacter.”Arethepublicfiguresyoulookuptoauthenticityhasbecomeaperformance.”O(jiān)xfordslidesinatthelastminutewithatotallydifferentwordoftheyearformeans“style,charmorattractiveness”.It'sbelievedtobeashortened50ofcontrastingwordlikerizzcometotheforefront,perhapsshowingthatthisyepresidentofOxfordLanguages.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatcothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinhowtodealwithdifficult54situatioSowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural55ofbothtimeandwotalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimpthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatesofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally.56isDunbar57thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenatsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe.59ofthehigherprimates(靈長類動物)likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming—cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindof swehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheptonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthethegreaterthe.62itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto.63thepreButasthegroupsgotbiggerandb 64tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore65kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocalgroomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationlargergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkof52.A.gestureB.gossipC53.A.occasionallyB.habituallyC.54.A.historicalB.naturalC.social55.A.wastersB.usersC.masters56.A.wittyB.vividC.vi57.A.supposesB.rejects58.A.onthecontraryB59.A.comprehensionB.appearanceC.motivationD.behavi60.A.contactB.attackC.assistanceD.tri61.A.concludesB.recallsC.requiresD.co62.A.protectionB.prospectC.responsibilityD.promise63.A.echoB.blameC.ease64.A.establishedB.extendedC.earned65.A.efficientB.scientificC.considera66.A.regularB.independentC.widespreadDirections:ReadpassageA,B,andC.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlangesturesweuseareunderstfingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.markedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoMoreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprfromothers.LatinsandOurlinguisticandculturalblindnessandtheitastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountrieEvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewcomprnoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;guidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslationpolicemenarerare.OurtransdifficultyunderstandWhenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosebusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiFormanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisAfterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedButallthatispast.Amerrealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytopladecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.67.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproaA.standstillB.screamout68.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmeriA.culturalself-centerednessC.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitorsD.bC.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpubliShippingcontainersaregainingcontainerscanbeobtainedforaslittleasseveindustryprofessionalsandevencityplannersconofsomeamazinghomesmadeoutofshippingcontainers.London'sContainerCityfirstspranin2001.IttookjustfivemonthstocompletetheoriginShortlyafterthat,afourthfloorofstudiosandlivingapartmeshippingcontainers,alongwithsometradtothearchitects,themodiAmsterdam'smassiveKeetwoneprojectisaroaringsuccessandfeaturescomfortable.Eachresisleepingandstudyingquartersandhigh-speedinternetaswellasareasforparMexicoM2ATKContainerM2ATKdesignedthisuniquecontainerhouseforanartisequippedwithheatingandcoolinfloorofthehouseare“publicspaces”suchasthekitchenandlivin71.ComparedtotraditionalhouA.easiertomaintainB.lessexpensiveC.morecomfortabletoliveinA.Itisthefirstcontainercityintheworld.C.Itfeaturesaluxuryanduniquestyle.school-agechildreninCanada.ThecontainerhomecanthearchitecA.LondonContainerCity(IandI)C.AmsterdamKeetwonenD.MeIntheidealizedversionofhowscollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryoutthepracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsabutwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestiweexperience.OpportunitiesfoConsequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasearlyformsofscienceandarefullofpotentThisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividcommunity'sanyone,anywhere,anytime.ObjectiOnceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublictakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommresearchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicatiootherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandbattlebetweensharedanandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividuaTwoproblemsexistthroughoutthiscredibiaspectofcurentknowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-convincingwillalwaSecond,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhSometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimsIntheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim—aprocessthAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother'sreasA.uncertaintyandcomplexityBC.logicalityandobjectivity75.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessreA.strictinspectionB.sharedeffortsC.individualwisdomD.persisteA.scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.C.effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.77.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetest?A.NoveltyasanengineofScientificDiscoC.EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingSciencDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.NotethattherearetwA.WhatdistinguishesNobellaureatesispassionfortheirwork,workthatengagestheirD.InmanyNobellaureates'autobiographies,theypaAB.Yetrecentlypublishedresearchesindicatethatsuccessfulinnovatorstakeabroaderpath.ArethereanypredictorsthatpointtowhowillbeselectedasNobellaureates?Isbrillianceinchildhoodapredictor?whathewantedforChristmas,hesaid,“AweekinthewasanabandonedchildonthestreetsofwartimeIt 79FiveofEnricoFermi's(physics,1938)postdoctoralstudentswentontowintheNobelPriOttoWarburg(medicine,1931)advisedanAmericandoctoralyoumustaskasuccessfulscientisttoaExpertsoftenrecommendthatpeoplespecializeinonechancesofsuccess.80IfyoulookatthecareersofNobelPrizewinnunusuallylikelytobe“creativepolymaths.”fromwidelyvarieddisciplinestoyieldnewandusefulideasandpracticeThereremainsonequalitythatisessential.ItiswhatLe“compulsivededication.”81TakeMarieCurie(physics,1903;chemistry,1911)andherhusbandPierre(physics,1903).TheCurieswereassignedashedwithaleakingroofandaworkedforyears,freezinginwinterandswelteringinsummer.“Andyet,”MarieCuriewroteinherbiographyofherhusband,"itwasinthismiserableoldshedthatthebestandhappiestyearsofourlifewerespent,entirelydedicatedtowork.”thatcannotbecoveredbyfossilfuelsgoingforward.84theimpactofclnotable,it'sperfectlyunderstandablethatthebuildingsofthefuturecouldfriendlypowerplants.Solarcollectorsandheatstobuildings'toproduce10Livingmoreefficientlynotonlymeansimprovingenergyuseanbutalsobuildingtosavespace.Rooms86(design)tobemultifunctionalwheroomavailableforeverypottheindividualfloorspaceandroomzoneswillreplace.87fix)structures,enTrendsforlivingandworkingunverthelastfewmonths,theoffice.88become)afeatureinmanyperofyearsnow,thehomeofficehasbeenevolvingfromamake-dodeskintoacomThisdevelopmentmeansweneedtoask89howweshconcentrateandworkprod 90yourentorownyourownhomeinthefuture,what'sclearisthatthehombesmarter,moreflexible,andmoresustainable.IDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.93.令我印象最深刻的是這位飽經(jīng)風(fēng)霜的生物學(xué)家始終直面每一個挑戰(zhàn)。(take)94.要不是他拙劣的演講風(fēng)格，這位有前途的年輕人本可以贏得演講比賽一等獎。(If)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow;fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Futureliving:whatwillthehomeoftomorrowlooklWhatwillourhomesbelikearemajorchallenges82(face) 83willshapethehomeEnergyefficientandcOneofthegreatestchallengesforhomesofthefutureisourincreasingenergyconsumption,some上海中學(xué)2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試I.ListeningComprehensiI.GrammarandVocabularyII.ReadingCompr82.facing83.87.fixed88.hasbecomeHardlyhadsheapprovedtheprojectwhensherealizedthatitwasjustapassingfan93.令我印象最深刻的是這位飽經(jīng)風(fēng)霜的生物學(xué)家始終直面每一個挑戰(zhàn)。(take)Whatimpressesmemostisthattheweather-beatenbiologisttakesupeverychallengehead94.要不是他拙劣的演講風(fēng)格，這位有前途的年輕人本可以贏得演講比賽一等獎。(If)Ifithadn'tbeenforhispoordelivery,thepromisingyoungmancouldhavewon(the)firstprizeinthW:Nothingasgrandasyours.Ihavetodoa2.M:HowmucharetheselovelyrM:Thewinnerofthefirstprizewillbeannouncedattheconferencetoday.4.M:Forme,adayhardlygoesbywi5.W:Excuseme.IsitextraQ:What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?M:Youknow,there'satutoradvancedmathematicsbeforetheyhelpedmeout.Q:Wherewillthewomanprobably7.W:Justlookatthenewspapers,nothingbutrobM:Ofcourse.ButmanypaperslackinterestinreportingsoQ:Whatarethetwospeakerst9.M:JerryandIhavedecidedtogocamQ:Whydidn'tthemanspendmuchmoneyQuestionsllthrough13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inmorethan60countries,peoplecanonfieldsandforestsarelitteredwithlandminesleftfromwar.Evepeoplewanttoclearthelandminesandgivepeopletheirlandandlivesback.APOPO,organizationstartedinBelgium,hasacreativesolutiontodetectorstofindthelandmines.TheypioneeredtheuseofAfricangiantrat,whichcan