【生態(tài)環(huán)保、自然災(zāi)害類(lèi)】話題閱讀練習(xí)（一）

（閱讀理解10篇）

Earthisinthemiddleofaninsectcrisis,withthousandsofspeciesdecliningoverthepastseveraldecades.

Scientistshaveoftenblamedthisonhabitatlossorpesticide（殺蟲(chóng)齊）use.Butanewstudyofbutterfliesinthe

westernUnitedStateshasfoundthatwarmerfallweathermaybeanequal,ifnotmore,ofafactor.

Overthepastfourdecades,morethan450butterflyspecieshavedeclinedatanaveragerateofnearly2percent

ayear,accordingtoastudypublishedinScience.It'salreadyknownthatthewesternmonarchbutterflyhas

plummetedinpopulationby99.9percentandwasrecentlydeniedprotectionbyEndangeredSpeciesActintheU.S.

Butthestudyrevealedlesser-knownspecies,liketheBoisduvaFsblueandCalifornia'sstateinsect,theCalifornia

dogfacebutterfly,areheadingtowardextinction.

"Theinfluenceofclimatechangeisdrivingthosedeclines,whichmakessensebecausethey'resowidespread,"

saysstudyleaderMathewForister.Toreachtheirtroublingfindings,theresearcherscombineddatabasesofthe

butterflycountconductedbyscientistsandamateurinsectenthusiastsat72locationsinthewesternU.S.Tofocus

onthecontributionofclimatechange,theresearchersmadesuretoincludelocationsthatwererelatively

undisturbedbyagricultureandhumandevelopmenttolimittheinfluenceofotherthreatstobutterfliessuchas

habitatlossandpesticides.

Morethan200citiesacrosstheU.S.areexperiencingwarmerfallseasons.InArizona,forinstance,fall

temperatureshaverisenby0.2degreeFahrenheiteverydecadesince1895.Asforwhywarmingfallsareso

harmful,itmaybeconnectedtobutterflies9hibernation-likediapause（滯育）inthefall.Warmertemperaturescould

beforcingtheinsects,mostofwhichlivearoundayear,tostayawakelongerandstarve.Inotherwords,they're

"gettingoldandfragileanddyingsooner".

Giventhatbutterfliesarekeypollinators（傳花粉者）,suchdeclinespredictbiggerproblemsforplantsandeven

wholeecosystems.Foristeradds,"Theclimateeffectswillalmostcertainlyaffectmanyotherinsects;including

bees."Andtheseeffectswill"damage"effortstoprotectandrestorebutterflyhabitat.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"plummeted"meaninParagraph2?

A.Recoveredslowly.

B.Decreasedsharply.

C.Escapedsuddenly.

D.Evolvedrapidly.

2.WhatdidtheresearchersdoinParagraph3?

A.Theyruledouttheeffectsofhumanactivities.

B.Theytriedtoprotectthehabitatofbutterflies.

C.Theyrefusedtouseamateurs?sciencedata.

D.Theyidentifiedotherthreatstobutterflies.

3.Howdowarmingfallsaffectbutterflies?

A.Theyaffectbutterflies9naturallifecycle.

B.Theyslowdownbutterflies?agingprocess.

C.Theycausebutterfliestolosemorehabitats.

D.Theyforcebutterfliestocompeteforsurvival.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.Todiscusstheimportanceofbutterflyspecies.

B.Tosuggestawaytofightagainstclimatechange.

C.Tointroducenewmethodsofstudyingbutterflies.

D.Topresentanewfactorinaspeciespopulationdecline.

解析：

1.B理解詞匯根據(jù)第二段第一句中的"Overthepast...2percentayear”可知，在過(guò)去的40年里,450多種

蝴蝶的數(shù)量以平均每年近2%的速度誠(chéng)少。再結(jié)合該段中的"inpopulationby99.9percent"可知，西方帝王蝶

的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了99.9%。B項(xiàng)"陡然下降”與畫(huà)線詞的意思圾為接近，故選B項(xiàng)。

2.A理解具體信息根據(jù)第三段尾句"Tofoeuson...lossandpesticides"可知，研究人員排除了農(nóng)業(yè)和人類(lèi)

發(fā)展對(duì)蝴蝶的影響，例如棲息地的喪失和殺蟲(chóng)劑的使用等。

3.A推斷根據(jù)第四段申的"Asforwhy..anddyingsooner"可知，秋季氣候變暖導(dǎo)致蝴蝶醒著的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，

只能換餓，它們死亡得更快了。據(jù)此可推知，暖秋影響著蝴蝶的自然生命周期。

4.D理解目的通讀全文可知，第一段中的"Butanewstudyof...ofafactor"為全文主題句，再結(jié)合下文內(nèi)

容可知，本文旨在介紹導(dǎo)致蝴蝶數(shù)量下降的另一個(gè)因素。

Passage2

Afterdecadesofworktryingtosavethegiantpanda,Chineseofficialshaveannouncedthatthespeciesisno

longerendangered.Thepandashavebeenreclassifiedinthecountryfrom"endangered"*'to"vulnerable（脆弱的）

"aftereffortstoincreasethepopulation.Nowthenumber

hasrisentomorethan1,800inthewild.

"Chinahasestablishedarelativelycompletenaturereservesystem,"CuiShuhong,directoroftheDepartment

ofNaturalEcologicalProtectionoftheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment,saidonWednesday.nLargeareasof

naturalecosystemshavebeensystematicallyandcompletelyprotected,andwildlifehabitatshavebeeneffectively

improved."ThelatestclassificationupgradereflectsthepandasimprovedlivingconditionsandChina'seffortsin

keepingtheirhabitatsintegrated,Cuiadded.

Bamboomakesup90%ofpandasdiets,andtheanimalswouldHikelystarvewithouttheshoots（嫩芽）.

ExpertsbelieveChina'seffortstoreplantbambooforestshavebeenthekeytotheincreaseinthepopulationof

pandas.

Generallyspeaking,apandahastoeatatleast26poundsofbambooeverydaytomaintainitsenergy,solarge

areasofbambooforestsareimportanttotheirsurvival.

Plantingbambooalsohasadvantagesfortheplanet,asthebambooisgrass,notatree,andisincredibly

efficientatabsorbingcarbondioxide,aswellasemitting(發(fā)出)35%moreoxygenthantreesdo.

"TheChinesehavedoneagreatjobininvestinginpandahabitats,expandingreservesandsettingupnew

reserves,"GinetteHemley,seniorvicepresidentforSpeciesConservationatWorldWildlifeFund,toldthemedia."

Itisawonderfulexampleofwhatcanhappenwhenagovernmentiscommittedtoconservation."

ContinuingChina'ssuccesswillbedependentonthecountryprotectinglandfromagriculturalandurban

development.Aslandbecomesrarer,measureswillneedtobeextendedtoprotectmoreland,toensurebamboo

forestscanthriveandfinally,toprotectthefutureoftheworld'smostlovable,lazy,andmonochrome(blackand

white)creature.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutthegiantpandaaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Itisanendangeredspecies.

B.Thenumberofitincreasesby1,800eachyears

C.Itspopulationhasdeclined.

D.Ithasgotaclassificationupgrade.

2.WhatcanbeinferredfromGinetteHemley'swords?

A.Socialmediamakeadifference.

B.Pandahabitatsaregettingsmaller.

C.Thegovernment'scommitmentiscrucial.

D.Settingupnewreservesisimpossible.

3.WhatcanbethechallengeChinafacesinachieving

continuedsuccess?

A.Lazyandmonochromeanimals.

B.LackofsupportfromWorldWildlifeFund.

C.Theemissionofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.

D.Theinfluenceofagriculturalandurbandevelopment.

4.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?

A.Anewswebsite.B.Anofficialreport.G.Atravelmagazine.D.Abiologytextbook.

解析：

1.D理解具體信息根據(jù)第一段第二句"Thepandashave...thepopulation”可知，中國(guó)已經(jīng)

將大熊貓從瀕危物種重新分類(lèi)為易危物種。

2.C推斷根據(jù)第六段CinetteHemley所說(shuō)的話"TheChinesehave...newreserves"和"It

ismittedtoconservation”可知,GinetteHemley認(rèn)為，中國(guó)人在投資大熊貓棲息地?cái)U(kuò)大保護(hù)區(qū)和建立新

的保護(hù)區(qū)方面做得很好，這個(gè)例子很好地說(shuō)明了當(dāng)政府致力于對(duì)動(dòng)物的保護(hù)時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。據(jù)此可以推知政

府的投人是至關(guān)重要的。

3.D理解具體信息根據(jù)尾段第一句"ContinuingChina'ssuccessandurbandevelopment”可知,中國(guó)要想繼續(xù)

取得成功，就必須保護(hù)土地不受農(nóng)業(yè)和城市發(fā)展的影晌。

4.A推斷通讀全文可知，文章第一句"Afterdecadesof...nolongerendangered”為全文主旨句;結(jié)合文章第

二段第一句中的"saidonWednesday”和下文內(nèi)容可知，本文屬于新聞。

Passage3

Humanseverspreadingpresencearoundtheglobeinfluencespatternsofbiologicalevolutioninwaysthatwe

arejustbeginningtoexplore.OntheGalapagosIslands,abodyofevidenceshowsthattheeffectofourpresenceis

increasing.

LuisF.DeLeonfromtheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston,togetherwithother6scientistsspenttwoyears

observingDarwin?sfinches（雀科〃、鳥(niǎo)）toevaluateoureffectsontheirbehavior.Theystartedbyconducting

feedingobservationsoncoexistingfinchspeciesatsitesthatrangedfromnon-urbanareastourbanareas.Theyalso

employedfinch-humaninteractionexperimentsto

testwhetherandhowfinchesrespondtohumanpresence.Tomeasurewhetherfinchfeedingpreferencesvaried

withthedegreeofurbanization,."cafeteria"experimentswerecarriedout——Fincheswerepresentedwitha

selectionofhumanandnativefooditems.

ThescientistsfoundthatDarwin'sfinchesfedalmostonhumanfoodslikericeandcookiesorintroduced

gardenspeciesaturbanlocations,contrast,atnon-urbansites,finchesfedmainlyonnativeplantspeciesandinsects.

Interactiontestssuggestthaturbanbirdsgetmoreaccustomedtothepresenceofhumans.Finally,atallsitesof

regularhumanpresence,finchespreferredhumanfoodstonaturalfoods.

Theresearcherswarnthatexploitingurbanenvironmentsmightpresentchallengesfororganisms,including

shorterlifespansbroughtbytheconsumptionofhighlyprocessedfoods.Furthermore,theyear-roundavailabilityof

abundanthumanfoodsinurbanenvironmentsmightaffectecologicalandevolutionaryprocessesthatpromoted

speciesdiversity.Whiletheresultsclearlyshowashifttohumanfoodsaturbansites,theadaptivesignificanceof

thatshiftisstillan

openquestion.

Thesefindingsalsosuggestthathumanbehavioristhemaindriveroffinchpreferenceforhumanfoods.The

researchersproposeapossibilitythattheeffectofhumanbehaviorisfacilitatedbyourtendencytofeedbirds,beit

directlyorinadvertentlyviafooddroppingorlittering.

1.Howdidthescientistscarryoutthestudy?

A.Bycarryingoutexperimentsinlabs.

B.Bytrainingfinchesandobservingresults.

C.Byobservingfinchesinnaturalconditions.

D.Byanalyzingfindingsfrompreviousexperiments.

2.Whichisprobablyfinchesfavoritefoodatnon-urbansitesfrequentlyvisitedbyhumans?

A.Rice.B.Aninsect.C.Thefruitofanativeplant.D.Theseedofanintroducedplant.

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph5probablymean?

A.Illegally.B.Voluntarily.C.Deliberately.D.Unintentionally.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefindings?

A.Allfinchesobservedarewillingtoapproachhumans.

B.Humanfoodavailabilitymightleadtobiodiversityloss.

C.Thereasonfortheshiftoffinchdietsremainsunknown.

D.Themoreprocessedfoodsfinchesconsume,thelongertheylive.

解析：

1.C理解具體信息根據(jù)第二段中的"Theystartedbyconducting...non-urbanareastourbanareas"可知，研究

人員首先在非城市和城市地區(qū)對(duì)共存的雀種進(jìn)行喂食觀察。據(jù)此可知，科學(xué)家們是通過(guò)在自然條件下觀察

雀科小鳥(niǎo)進(jìn)行研究。

2.A理解具體信息根據(jù)第三段尾句"Finally,atall...naturalfoods”可知，在人類(lèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的地方，雀科

小鳥(niǎo)更喜歡人類(lèi)的食物而不是天然的食物。稻米屬手人類(lèi)食物，故選Ao

3.D理解詞匯根據(jù)尾段尾句中的"viafooddroppingorlittering"并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，給鳥(niǎo)兒喂食為有意行為;丟

棄食物為無(wú)意行為。故畫(huà)線詞意為“無(wú)意地”

B推斷。根據(jù)第四段第三句"Furthermore,theyear-round...speciesdiversity"可知，在城市環(huán)境中，一年四季

豐富的人類(lèi)食物供應(yīng)可能會(huì)影響促進(jìn)物種妥樣化的生態(tài)和進(jìn)化過(guò)程。據(jù)此可以推知，人類(lèi)的食物供應(yīng)可能

會(huì)導(dǎo)致生物多樣性的減少。

Passage4

Theyogurtthat'spastitssell-bydate.Thebananainyourlunchthatturnedbrown.Theleftoversinthefridge

thatyouforgottoeat.Formostpeople,allthatfoodgoesrightintothegarbagecan.

Eighttotenpercentofglobalgreenhousegasemissionsarerelatedtofoodwaste,accordingtoareportbythe

UN'sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange."WhenyouthrowawayaneggoraSandwich,"saysYvette

Cabrera,foodwastedirectorattheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDG),you'realsothrowingawayallthe

resourcesthatwentintoproducingthosethings."

Theyincludenotonlyallthewater,land,andfertilizerthatwentintoproducingthatfood,butalsothemassive

amountsoffossilfuelsusedtopowerthefarms,transportthefood,andcreatethepackaging.

Thenthere?stheissueofwhathappenstofoodafterit'sthrownout.MorefoodendsupinU.S.landfillsthan

anyothertypeoftrash.Foodrottinginlandfillsproducesmethane(甲烷)，agreenhousegasthat'sroughly25times

morepowerfulattrappingheatintheatmospherethancarbondioxide,whichisproducedbyburningfossilfuels.

Foodwasteisadifficultproblemtosolve,though,inpartbecauseithappensfordifferentreasonsdependingon

thecountry.Indevelopingnations,40percentoffoodislostbeforeiteverreachespeople'shomes,becausemany

ofthosecountrieslackthetechnologyandtoolstopreservefood.

It'sanotherstoryinwealthiercountries,wheremostofthefoodiswastedinpeople'skitchens.Americans,for

example,throwoutaquarteroftheirgrocerieseachyear,onaverage,accordingtotheNRDC.That'slikegoingto

thegrocerystore,leavingwithfourbagsofgroceries,andthenthrowingoneofthemintothegarbagebeforeyou

gethome.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theproblemoffoodwaste.

B.Theawarenessoffoodsaving.

C.Thenecessityoffooddiversity.

D.Thewaysoffoodpreservation.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inParagraph3referto?

A.Theleftoversinthefridge.

B.Thepackagingmaterialsofproducts.

C.Thethrowneggsorsandwiches.

D.Theresourcestoproducefood.

3.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph4?

A.Provideapersuasiveexample.

B.Addmorebackgroundinformation.

C.Discussamoreseriousconsequence.

D.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.

4.Inwhatstagedoesfoodwastemainlyhappenindevelopedcountries?

A.Storage.B.Transportation.C.Processing.D.Consumption.

解析：

1.A【解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提到食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，第二段開(kāi)始講述全球溫室氣體排放與食物浪費(fèi)

有關(guān)，下面的段落均是對(duì)此做出具體說(shuō)明，由此可知，本篇文章主要講

的是食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，故選A項(xiàng)。

2.D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。指示代詞that通常是指代上文的某個(gè)內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的Whenyou

throwawayaneggorasandwich*1you'realsothrowingawayalltheresourcesthatwentintoproducingthose

things可知，畫(huà)線詞That應(yīng)是指代alltheresourcesthatwentintoproducingthosethings,而且畫(huà)線詞所在句

又具體解釋了這些資源不僅包括所有的水、土地和化肥，而且還有大量化石燃料，故選口項(xiàng)。

3.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的MorefoodendsupintheU.S.landfills...producesmethane...that's

roughly25timesmorepowerfulattrappingheatintheatmospherethancarbondioxide可知，本段講述的是食物

被扔掉后會(huì)送去垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，垃圾填埋場(chǎng)中腐爛的食物會(huì)產(chǎn)生甲烷，甲烷是一種溫室氣體，其吸收大氣熱量

的能力大約是二氧化碳的25倍。所以作者在本段想要討論一個(gè)更嚴(yán)重的后果，故選C項(xiàng)

4.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的食物浪費(fèi)主要是在廚房，也就是食材的浪

費(fèi)，故選D項(xiàng)

Passage5

Createdin1998byCaseyandShelleyBlack,theNorthernLightsWildlifeWolfCenterfocusesonnotonly

rescuingyoungabandonedwolvesbuteducatingthepublic.Unlikeothercenters,youcanactuallywalkwiththe

wolvesandhaveexciting,hands-oninteractionwiththemhere.Andso,wegatheredonelatewintermorningto

learn,prepareandwalk.

ScrappyandFlora,ourwolvesthatday,werebroughttothecenterwhenonlyafewdaysold."Theylivedin

thehousewithusforthefirstseveralmonths.Wetreatedthemlikehumanbabies,fedthemandsleptwiththem,"

saidShelley.So,theyaretotallyusedtopeople.However,thesearewildanimals.Forthatreason,Shelleyand

Caseyexplained,thewalkistotallyonthewolFsterms.nWedon'tapproachthem,butiftheycomeuptous,we

cantouchthem."

Withallthisinmind,weheadedforthewoods.Wewerewalkingonaloggingroadwhensuddenly,Flora,all

60poundsofher,hurrieduptomeandraiseduponherlegs.Shewasalmostastallasme.Assheleanedin,puther

hugemuddypawsonmyshouldersandsniffedmyface,apparentlyshewassayinghelloinwolftalk.

Wewalkedfarther,maybehalfamile,whileScrappyandFloradashedinandoutofthewoodsstopping

occasionallytorollinthesnow,digforthisorthatandjustplay.Thenweallheadedintothetreestoapicturesque

streamwherethewolvessplashed,drankandhadagreattime.

Onecouldpointoutthatthiswholeadventurewasstagedandquiteartificial.Butthepurpose,Caseyand

Shelleysaid,istoexplainthewolvesplaceintheenvironmentand,primarily,toletpeopleknowwolvesdon'thave

tobeuniversallyfearedtheyreallydon'thidesecretlyinthewoodsjustwaitingtoeatpeople,butthey'drather

avoidpeople,forthemostpart.

1.HowistheNorthernLightsWildlifeWolfCenterdifferentfromothers?

A.Ittrainsandeducateswildwolves.

B.Itaimstorescueyoungabandonedwolves.

C.Itraiseswolvesforcommercialpurposes.

D.Itallowsvisitorstotakeawalkwithwolves.

2.WhatcanbeinferredfromShelleyandCasey'sexplanationin

Paragraph2?

A.Thewalkcanbepotentiallydangerous.

B.Thewolveshavelostalltheirwildness.

C.Peopleshouldgetclosetothewolvesactively.

D.Thewolvescanreadpeople'smindlikehumanbabies.

3.WhydidFlorabehavelikethatwhenshesawtheauthorontheloggingroad?

A.Toexpresscuriosity.

B.Toshowfriendliness.

C.Toattractattention.

D.Toseekcompanionship.

4.WhydoCaseyandShelleyorganizesuchanadventure?

A.Toadvertisethecenter.

B.Topublicizewolfhunting.

C.Topromoteenvironmentalprotection.

D.Toclarifysomeconventionalviewsofwolves.

解析：

1.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段Unlikeothercenters,youcanactuallywalkwiththewolvesandhave

exciting,hands-oninteractionwiththemhere.可知與其他中心不同的是，你可以和狼一起行走，并在這里與

它們進(jìn)行令人興奮的、動(dòng)手的互動(dòng).由此可見(jiàn)，它允許游客和狼一起散步.故選D.

2.A.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段Forthatreason,ShelleyandCaseyexplained,thewalkistotallyonthewolfs

terms."Wedon'tapproachthem,butiftheycomeuptous,wecantouchthem.”可知出于這個(gè)原因，雪萊

和凱西解釋說(shuō)，走路完全是按照狼的說(shuō)法，”我們不接近他們，但如果他們接近我們，我們可以觸摸他們.”

由此可見(jiàn)，步行可能有潛在的危險(xiǎn).故選A.

3.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第三段Wewerewalkingonaloggingroadwhensuddenly,Flora,all60pounds

ofher,hurrieduptomeandraiseduponherlegs.Shewasalmostastallasme.Assheleanedin,putherhuge

muddypawsonmyshouldersandsniffedmyface,apparentlyshewassayinghelloinwolftalk.可知我們?cè)谝粭l

伐木路上走著，突然，弗洛拉，她60磅重的身軀，沖到我跟前，用腿站起來(lái).她幾乎和我一樣高.當(dāng)她靠

在我身上，把她泥濘的大爪子放在我肩上，聞了聞我的臉，顯然她是在和狼說(shuō)話時(shí)打招呼.由此可見(jiàn)，它

主要是表示友好.故選B.

4.D.推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段Butthepurpose,CaseyandShelleysaid,istoexplainthewolves'placeinthe

environmentand,primarily,toletpeopleknowwolvesdon*thavetobeuniversallyfeared-theyreallydon'thide

secretlyinthewoodsjustwaitingtoeatpeople,butthey*dratheravoidpeople,forthemostpart.可矢口但是，凱

西和雪萊說(shuō)，目的是解釋狼在環(huán)境中的位置，主要是讓人們知道狼不必普遍害怕，它們真的不需要躲在樹(shù)

林里等著吃人，但在大多數(shù)情況下，它們寧愿避開(kāi)人.由此可見(jiàn)，凱西和雪萊組織這樣的冒險(xiǎn)是為了澄清

對(duì)狼的一些傳統(tǒng)看法.故選D.

Passage6

Only366NorthAtlanticrightwhalesareleft,representingashocking8%declineinasingleyearandthe

lowestnumberinabout20yearsforthisfamousspecies.Humanimpacts-specificallyfishingnetsandshipstrikes

-remainthebiggestthreatstothesurvivalofthisspeciesineasternCanadaandtheUnitedStates.

NorthAtlanticrightwhaleshavebeenindeclinesince2011whenthespecieswasatanestimated481whales.

Inthepastdecade,thespecieshasdecreasedby30%.Recentresearchshowsthesethreatsareaffectingtheiroverall

healthwithlessenergytodevotetowardgrowthandreproduction（繁殖），andbodylengthsreducingoverthepast

fourdecades.Researchersestimatetherearefewerthan100breeding（繁育的）femalesaliveandmorethan86%of

identifiedwhaleshadbeenentangled（被網(wǎng)困?。゛tleastonceintheirlifetime.

Thereisstillhope:in2021,scientiststracked18mother-kidpairs,anumberthatiscauseforoptimism-though

stillwellbelowtheannualaverageof23pairsfromthepreviousdecade.

Industryrepresentatives,governmentagencies,andorganizations,includingWWF,gatheredinOctober2011at

theannualNorthAtlanticRightWhaleConsortiummeetingtodiscussandarrangerightwhaleconservationefforts

intheUSandCanada.

"It'sgoingtobechallenging,buteveryoneinvolvedinrightwhaleconservationbelieveswecancreatean

environmentwhererightwhalescanbounceback,"saidChrisJohnson,thegloballeaderforWWF'sProtecting

WhalesandDolphinsinitiative."However,it'sgoingtotakesignificantinvestmentandthegreatesturgencyand

commitmenttocreateconditionswhereweprevententanglementsandcollisionswithshipsinthewhales'critical

habitats."

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherightwhalepopulation?

A.Wellconserved.B.Slowlydecreasing.

C.Rapidlygrowing.D.Criticallyendangered.

2.WhatdoesChrisJohnsonsayabouttherightwhaleconservation?

A.Itneedsthegovernmenttobanfishingincertainareas.

B.Itwillnotworkwithoutfundsfromthegovernment.,

C.Itcanhelpincreasethenumberofrightwhales.

D.Itisnotpracticalandwillfaileventually.

3.Whatcanwelearnaboutfemalerightwhales?

A.Mostofthemhaveneverbeenentangled.

B.Motherrightwhalesmayhaveslightlydecreased.

C.Therearemorefemalerightwhalesthanmalerightwhales.

D.Theirpopulationhasdecreasedby30%inthepastdecade.

4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttherightwhalespecies?

A.Theirsizehasbeendecreasingduetoclimatechanges.

B.Theymayhavefoundhomeinotherpartsoftheocean.

C.Theywerehuntedbypeoplefortheirmeatinthepast.

D.Theyarewellonthewaytodyingoutifnotwellprotect.

解析：

1.D理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Only366NorthAtlanticrightwhalesarelefi,representingashocking$%

declineinasingleyearandthelowestnumberinabout20yearsforthisfamousspecies.（北大西洋露脊鯨僅存

366頭，代表著僅一年就下降了驚人的8%,這是這個(gè)著名物種近20年來(lái)的最低數(shù)量。）和第二段的“North

Atlanticrightwhaleshavebeenindeclinesince2011whenthespecieswasatanestimated481.Inthepastdecade,

ithasdecreasedby30%（自2011年以來(lái)，北大西洋露脊鯨數(shù)量一直在下降，當(dāng)時(shí)該物種的數(shù)量估計(jì)為431

頭。在過(guò)去的十年里，它下降了30%。）”可推斷，從露脊鯨的數(shù)量來(lái)看，露脊鯨是極度瀕危的。故選D。

2.C推理判斷題，根據(jù)最后一段的ChrisJohnson說(shuō)的話"i，sgoingtobechallenging,buteveryoneinvolvedin

rightwhaleconservationbelieveswecancreateanenvironmentwhererightwhalescanbounceback（這將是具有

挑戰(zhàn)性的，但每個(gè)參與露脊鯨保護(hù)的人都相信，我們可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)露脊綜可以恢復(fù)的環(huán)境）可推斷，Chris

Johnsoni人為對(duì)露脊鯨的保護(hù)有助于提高露脊鯨的數(shù)量。故選Co

3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第一段的"Only366NorthAtlanticrightwhalesarelefi（北大西洋露脊鯨僅存366頭）

第二段的Researchersestimatetherearefewerthan100breeding（繁育的）femalesaliveandmorethan86%of

identifiedwhaleshadbeenentangled（被網(wǎng)困?。゛tleastonceintheirlifetime（研究人員估計(jì)，只有不到100

只繁育雌性存活，超過(guò)$6%的己確認(rèn)的綜魚(yú)一生中至少被被網(wǎng)困住一次。）”可知，母鯨可能已經(jīng)路有減少了。

故選B。

4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的"Only366NorthAtlanticrightwhalesareleft,representingashocking8%

declineinasingleyearandthelowestnumberinabout20yearsforthisfamousspecies.（只乘U下366頭北大西洋

露脊第，代表著一年內(nèi)驚人的$%的下降，這是這著名物種20年來(lái)的最低數(shù)量）''和第三段內(nèi)容”Thereisstill

hope:in2021,scientiststracked18mother-kidpairs,anumberthatiscauseforoptimism-thoughstillwellbelow

theannualaverageof23pairsfromthepreviousdecade.（仍然有希望：在2021年，科學(xué)家們追蹤了18對(duì)母

子，一個(gè)值得樂(lè)觀的數(shù)字，盡管仍遠(yuǎn)低于前10年23對(duì)母子的年平均水平。）可知，露脊魴現(xiàn)存數(shù)量極少，下

降很快，因此推斷如果不好好保護(hù)它們將會(huì)走向滅絕。故選D。

Passage7

TheAdeliepenguin,whichhasbeennamedPingu,wasdiscoveredbyalocalresidentHarrySingh"looking

lost"ontheshoresofNewZealand,over3,000kilometersawayfromitsnaturalhabitat.n

AtfirstIthoughtitwasasofttoy,"Singhtoldthemedia."Butsuddenlythepenguinmoveditshead,soI

realizeditwasreal.Itdidn'tmoveforonehour...andlookedexhausted."Hethencalledpenguinrescuersashe

wasconcernedthatitwasnotgettingintothewater,makingitapotentialtargetforanypredatory(捕食性)animals

wanderingonthebeach.

Onarrivingatthescene,ThomasStracke,whohasbeenrehabilitating(1€AIL)penguinsonNewZealand\

SouthIslandforthelast10years,wasshockedtofindthatthepenguinwasanAdeliepenguin-aspeciesthatlives

exclusivelyontheAntarcticpeninsula.Strackesaid,"Itisquiteunusualsincetheyareknownonlylivinginthe

Antarcticarea.Fortunately,apartfrombeingabitstarvingandseverelydehydrated,itwasactuallynottoobad,so

wegaveitsomefluidsandsomefishsmoothies."

ItisonlythethirdrecordedincidentofanAdeliepenguinbeingfoundonNewZealand'scoast-theprevious

recordedincidentswerein1962and1993-andalthoughsitesremainincrediblyrare,iftheybecomemore

commonitcouldbeaworryingsign,sayexperts.

IthinkifwestartedgettingannualarrivalsofAdeliepenguins,we'dgoactually.Something?schangedinthe

oceanthatweneedtounderstand,"zoologyprofessorPhilipSeddonintheUniversityofOtagotoldTheGuardian.

"Morestudieswillgiveusmoreunderstandingaboutwherepenguinsgo,whattheydo,whatthepopulationtrends

arelike-they'regoingtotellussomethingaboutthehealthofthatoceanecosystemingeneral."

PinguhasnowbeenreleasedintoabayontheBanksPeninsula,anditishopedthatitmaybeabletomakethe

journeyhome.

1.WhathappenedtoPingu?

A.Itwashuntedbylocalpeople.

B.Itlostitsfoodandlookedupset.

C.Itwasfindinganewnaturalhabitat.

D.ItlandedNewZealandbyaccident.

2.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph4?

A.Introduceanewtopictodiscuss.

B.Listnumberstoproveanopinion.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

D.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.

3.WhatcanbeinferredfromPhilip'swords?

A.Thenumberofpenguinsisonthedecrease.

B.Thehealthoftheoceanecosystemshouldbeconcerned.

C.Morestudiesaboutpenguinshavebeenundertaken.

D.AdeliepenguinshavebuilthabitatsinNewZealand.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.TheUnexpectedArrivalofaRarePenguin

B.TheDangerousSituationofAdeliePenguins

C.AnAmazingDiscoverybyaLocalResident

D.MagicalTraveltoNewZealand

解析：

本文為一篇夾敘夾議。文章主要介紹了在新西蘭海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只阿德利企鵝，本屬于南極洲的小企鵝，旦

這是記錄里的第三次

在新西蘭發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種企鵡，并說(shuō)明了這應(yīng)該引!起我們的重視，應(yīng)該去了解是否是海洋的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生了變

化。

1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第——段"TheAdeliepenguin,whohasbeennamedPingu,wasdiscoveredbyalocal

residentHarrySingh"lookinglost"ontheshoresofNewZealand,over3,000kilometersavayfromitsnatural

habitat.（被叫做Pingu的阿德利企鵝被當(dāng)?shù)鼐用馠arrySingh在新西蘭海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)，離它的天然棲息地大約3000

公里遠(yuǎn)）可知，這只本生活在南極洲的企勢(shì)在新西蘭被發(fā)現(xiàn)，它意外地登上了新西蘭。故選D。

2.C推理判斷題，根據(jù)文章第四段"ItisonlythethirdrecordedincidentofanAdeliepenguinbeingfoundon

NewZealand'scoast-thepreviouswerein1962and1993-andalthoughsitingsremainincrediblyrare,ifthey

becomemorecommonitcouldbeaworryingsign,sayexperts.（這是記錄里的第三次在新西蘭海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)了阿德

利企鵝，之前是在1962年和1993年，盡管這種事情發(fā)生的很少，但是如果這種事變得常見(jiàn)了的話，那就

會(huì)引1起恐慌）可知，前文提出在新西蘭海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只阿德利企鵝，本段說(shuō)這一次不是第一次，之前也

發(fā)生過(guò)兩次。由此可知，本段提出一些之前的背景信息，以引起重視。故選C。

3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段wlthinkifwestartedgetingannualarrivalsofAdeliepenguins,we'd

goactual