詞義的選擇Warm-up1.Canyouseethebottlefloatingonthesea?2.Itisnotsurprising,then,thattheworldsawareturntoafloatingexchangeratesystem.3.TherearemanyfloatingmarketsinThailand.4.Floatingpolicyisofgreatimportanceforexporttrade.Warm-up1.Canyouseethebottlefloatingonthesea?

你看見大海上漂浮著的那個瓶子了嗎？Warm-up2.Itisnotsurprising,then,thattheworldsawareturntoafloatingexchangeratesystem.

那世界各國又恢復(fù)了一個浮動匯率系統(tǒng)就不足為奇了。Warm-up3.TherearemanyfloatingmarketsinThailand.泰國有很多水上市場。Warm-up4.Floatingpolicyisofgreatimportanceforexporttrade.在外貿(mào)中統(tǒng)保單非常重要。PracticeBecauseoftheseproblemsandrisks,exportersarehesitanttoreleasetheirgoodsbeforereceivingpayment,whileimportersprefertohavecontroloverthegoodsbeforepartingwiththeirmoney.Andinthecaseofdocumentsagainstpayment(D/P),documentwillnotbereleasedtotheimporteruntilpaymentifeffected.PracticeBecauseoftheseproblemsandrisks,exportersarehesitanttoreleasetheirgoodsbeforereceivingpayment,whileimportersprefertohavecontroloverthegoodsbeforepartingwiththeirmoney.Andinthecaseofdocumentsagainstpayment(D/P),documentwillnotbereleasedtotheimporteruntilpaymentiseffected.PracticeBecauseoftheseproblemsandrisks,exportersarehesitanttoreleasetheirgoodsbeforereceivingpayment,whileimportersprefertohavecontroloverthegoodsbeforepartingwiththeirmoney.Andinthecaseofdocumentsagainstpayment(D/P),documentwillnotbereleasedtotheimporteruntilpaymentiseffected.由于存在這樣一些問題和風(fēng)險，出口商在收到貨款前是不愿意發(fā)貨的，而進口商則在付款之前就希望將貨物掌控在自己手里。而在付款交單的情況下，只有在貨款付清之后才能將裝運單據(jù)交給進口商。翻譯方法講解根據(jù)語境選取一個詞的意思，使之符合目標語的表達需要。譯技講解詞義的選擇從五個方面入手：1常用意義/專業(yè)意義2搭配意義3感情色彩4語體色彩5引申意義1常用意義VS專業(yè)意義【例1】SharesstagedaspectacularrecoveryyesterdayandregainedalotofthegroundlostinThursday’sbloodbath.1常用意義VS專業(yè)意義【例1】SharesstagedaspectacularrecoveryyesterdayandregainedalotofthegroundlostinThursday’sbloodbath.譯文：股票價格昨日有了驚人的回升，這是自星期四慘跌之后的一次大幅反彈。1常用意義VS專業(yè)意義【例2】DeutscheBankjumped28.5marksearlyinthesession,pullingthebroadermarketalong.Butprofit-makingsoonwipedoutthesegains.1常用意義VS專業(yè)意義【例2】DeutscheBankjumped28.5marksearlyinthesession,pullingthebroadermarketalong.Butprofit-makingsoonwipedoutthesegains.譯文：通過拉動更廣闊的市場，德意志銀行在蕭條前期上漲了28.5個點。但投機行為很快就把這些收益給抵消了。1常用意義VS專業(yè)意義【例3】Dickersonisaninternationalmarketingcompanyspecializinginfertilizers,chemicals,cocoa,pesticides,coal,agriculturalproductsandmanyothers.1常用意義VS專業(yè)意義【例3】Dickersonisaninternationalmarketingcompanyspecializinginfertilizers,chemicals,cocoa,pesticides,coal,agriculturalproductsandmanyothers.譯文：狄格森公司是一家國際貿(mào)易公司，專營化肥、化工產(chǎn)品、可可粉、殺蟲藥、煤炭、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品及許多其他產(chǎn)品。體現(xiàn)“國際”視野1常用意義VS專業(yè)意義【例4】Notonlyapanicrunonbanks,butsnowballingdepositcancellationcouldtriggeranominouschainreactionleadingtoafinancialcrisis.1常用意義VS專業(yè)意義【例4】Notonlyapanicrunonbanks,butsnowballingdepositcancellationcouldtriggeranominouschainreactionleadingtoafinancialcrisis.譯文：不僅僅是在各家銀行發(fā)生的恐慌性擠兌，還有那如滾雪球般的取消存款，都有可能引發(fā)導(dǎo)致金融危機的不良連鎖反應(yīng)。Practice翻譯下列兩個句子：P28Textbook1.Theclaimconcerningthequalityofthecommodityshallbelodgedwithin30daysafterarrivalofthecargoattheportofdestination.2.Allsevenmajorbankinggroupsreportedafter-taxlossesforthesecondconsecutivebusinessyearintheirfiscal2010earningreportsduetotheburdenofdisposingofbadloansandslumpingstockmarkets.2詞的搭配意義heavycrops

heavynewsheavyroad

heavyseaheavyheart

heavyreader

heavyrain豐收令人悲痛的消息泥濘的路波濤洶涌的海洋憂傷的心沉悶冗長的讀物大雨

2搭配意義【例】credit1.Heboughtthefurnitureoncredit.2.Depositsare,sotospeak,unsecuredcreditheldbythepeopleandkeptatfinancialinstitutions.3.There’snofinancialriskinsellingtoEastEuropeancountriesoncredit.

2搭配意義【例】credit借記；債權(quán)；賒銷；信貸；信用；學(xué)分1.Heboughtthefurnitureoncredit.他是靠賒賬買下那件家具的。2搭配意義【例】credit借記；債權(quán)；賒銷；信貸；信用；學(xué)分2.Depositsare,sotospeak,unsecuredcreditheldbythepeopleandkeptatfinancialinstitutions.如此說來，存款就是人們手中持有的放在金融機構(gòu)里沒有擔(dān)保的債權(quán)。2搭配意義【例】credit借記；債權(quán)；賒銷；信貸；信用；學(xué)分3.There’snofinancialriskinsellingtoEastEuropeancountriesoncredit.

向東歐各國賒銷是沒有財務(wù)風(fēng)險的?！纠緼ssumingthelaboratorytestsgowell,andyoucanquoteusacompetitiveprice,we’dcertainlybeabletoplacemoresubstantialordersonaregularbasis.譯文1：若實驗室檢驗進展順利，且你們的報價具有競爭力，我們一定會定期大量訂貨。譯文2：若實驗室檢驗合格，且你們的報價具有競爭力，我們一定會定期大量訂貨?！纠緼ssumingthelaboratorytestsgowell,andyoucanquoteusacompetitiveprice,we’dcertainlybeabletoplacemoresubstantialordersonaregularbasis.譯文1：若實驗室檢驗進展順利，且你們的報價具有競爭力，我們一定會定期大量訂貨。譯文2：若實驗室檢驗合格，且你們的報價具有競爭力，我們一定會定期大量訂貨。強調(diào)過程強調(diào)結(jié)果【例】Duringthetenyears’applicationofWTO,theDisputeSettlementSystemplaysaveryimportantroleinthefieldofinternationaltradedisputesettlements.Asthekeyprocessofthewholesystem,paneljurisdictionwinsmoreandmorerespect.譯文1：在世界貿(mào)易組織申請的十年間，爭端解決機制在國際貿(mào)易爭端解決領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。作為整個機制的關(guān)鍵過程，專家組裁決贏得了越來越多的尊重。譯文2：在世界貿(mào)易組織運作的十年間，……Practice1“closed”翻譯下列句子：1.Itispossiblethatmoreofthecompany’sstoreswillbeclosed.2.Stockpricesofmanymajorcommercialbanksclosedlower,astheyhadinprevioustrading.3.Thenumberofbankaccountsthatareclosedcompulsorilyhasbeenincreasinglyrapidly.Practice1“closed”翻譯下列句子：1.Itispossiblethatmoreofthecompany’sstoreswillbeclosed.譯文：這家公司有更多的商店很有可能要關(guān)閉了。Practice1“closed”翻譯下列句子：2.Stockpricesofmanymajorcommercialbanksclosedlower,astheyhadinprevioustrading.譯文：正如先前的交易那樣，許多大的商業(yè)銀行的股票價格收盤低開。Practice1“closed”翻譯下列句子：3.Thenumberofbankaccountsthatareclosedcompulsorilyhasbeenincreasinglyrapidly.譯文：被強制結(jié)清的銀行賬戶數(shù)量一直在快速增長。Practice2翻譯下列句子：P15Exercisebook1.Stockpriceshavedroppedtoanall-timelowsincethecollapseofthebubbleeconomy.2.Thecompany’smanagementtraditionallyhastakenacooperativeapproachtowardthecompany’slaborunion.3.Icanassureyouwe’vesparednoeffortandspentquiteasumofmoneyinpushingthesalesofyourproducts.4.Consumersarelookingforbargainsevenwhentheeconomyisimproving.3詞的感情色彩topassawaytoclose(end)one’sdaytobreatheone’slasttogowesttopaythedebtofnaturetogiveuptheghosttokickthebuckettokickupone’sheels與世長辭壽終斷氣歸西天了結(jié)塵緣見閻王翹辮子蹬腿3感情色彩【例】Theunderwriterrealizesthisandcertainlydoesnotsetouttomakelifedifficultforhisagencycolleagues.However,hehasajobtodo.Partofthatjobistoensurethatpeoplewhoattempttobuypoliciesbecausetheyexpectto“die”soondonotsucceedinfoolinghimandhiscompany.3感情色彩【例】Theunderwriterrealizesthisandcertainlydoesnotsetouttomakelifedifficultforhisagencycolleagues.However,hehasajobtodo.Partofthatjobistoensurethatpeoplewhoattempttobuypoliciesbecausetheyexpectto“die”soondonotsucceedinfoolinghimandhiscompany.不會得逞PracticeAforeignbusinessrepresentative,neitheroverlysympathetictowardChinanoroverlydisposedagainstit,wouldneedtobeconvincedonanumberofscoresbeforehecouldresponsiblycommithisfirmtotakinganequitypositioninaChineseenterprise.譯：一名外國企業(yè)代表，如果對中國既無過分好感，又無過分惡意的話，要動真格地向一家中國企業(yè)入股，就往往需要一系列評估數(shù)據(jù)來幫助他做出最后決定。4.語體色彩語體色彩指語言的正式程度。英語語體五個等級：1.hyperformal超正式體2.formal正式體3.normal正常體4.informal非正式體5.hyperinformal超非正式體漢語語體三個等級：書面體普通體口語體Comparethefollowingtwoversions:Thehomeofyourdreamswaitforyoubehindthisdoor.Whetheryourtasteisacountryhouseorapenthouseinthesky,youwillfindthefollowingpagesfilledwiththenicestplaces.Thehomeofyourdreamsawaitsyoubehindthisdoor.Whetheryourtastebeamanorestateorapenthouseinthesky,youwillfindthefollowingpagesfilledwiththemostelegantresidences.譯文對比：打開這扇門，您就可以看見您那夢想的家，不管您喜歡的是鄉(xiāng)村住宅，還是摩天大樓的頂層，接下來的幾頁你看到的都會是世界上最漂亮的房子。打開這扇門，您就可以領(lǐng)略到您那夢寐以求的家園。不管您希冀的是鄉(xiāng)間宅第，還是摩天大樓的頂屋，接下來的幾頁刊印的都是最高雅的住宅供您選擇。5.引申意義引申翻譯法：為了傳達原文的精神實質(zhì)，運用一些符合目的語習(xí)慣和目的語搭配的表達。重要性：引申翻譯是區(qū)分機器翻譯和人工翻譯的分水嶺。Clothesornoclothes,Icanreadyoulikeabook.版本1：穿什么衣服，不穿什么衣服，又有什么關(guān)系，我知道你這種人，我一看就明白，就像看書一樣清楚。版本2：不管你是不是裝，我都能讀懂你的心思。

Everylifehasrosesandthorns.譯文：每個人的生活中都有苦有甜。Hewasamantolethisheartrulehishead.

譯文：他是個感情用事的人。Thematterwasfinallysettledunderthetable.

譯文：事情終于私下了結(jié)了。

ThecanoeTitanickedontherockintheriver.

譯文：小船在河上撞到石頭沉沒了。引申翻譯法的關(guān)鍵：在語境中找到引申的依據(jù)。引申的分類：1）邏輯引申2）語用引申3）修辭性引申4）詞義概念范圍的調(diào)整【例】Ouruniqueconceptwasaresponsetobuyerneeds,bringinggreaterreliability,higher-qualityoutput,exceptionaluser-friendlinessandoperationalease.【例1】Ouruniqueconceptwasaresponsetobuyerneeds,bringinggreaterreliability,higher-qualityoutput,exceptionaluser-friendlinessandoperationalease.譯文：我們唯一的理念就是：對于購買者的需求有求必應(yīng)，生產(chǎn)可靠性更高、質(zhì)量更優(yōu)的產(chǎn)品，讓他們使用時特別方便，操作時特別輕松?！纠縏heEEC’sCommonAgriculturalpolicyisadinosaurwhichisadding￡13.5aweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.【例2】TheEEC’sCommonAgriculturalpolicyisadinosaurwhichisadding￡13.5aweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.譯文：歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體的農(nóng)業(yè)共同政策早已經(jīng)不合時宜了，它要使英國家庭平均每周在食品開銷上多支出13.5英鎊?！纠緼llmajorbankinggroupsnowfacetheacidtestofwhethertheycanregainprofitabilitythisfiscalyear.【例3】Allmajorbankinggroupsnowfacetheacidtestofwhethertheycanregainprofitabilitythisfiscalyear.譯文：所有大銀行集團現(xiàn)在都面臨著能否在本會計年度重新獲利的嚴峻考驗?！纠?】Thesedays,theU.S.economyisn’t“graduatingenoughscientiststofilltheneedofthecomingdecades”,fretsCharlesC.Leighton,“That’sarealconcern.【例4】Thesedays,theU.S.economyisn’t“graduatingenoughscientiststofilltheneedofthecomingdecades”,fretsCharlesC.Leighton,“That’sarealconcern.譯文：近來，美國經(jīng)濟“未培養(yǎng)出足夠的科學(xué)家來滿足今后幾十年發(fā)展的需要”，查爾斯C萊頓抱怨說，“這才是真正需要關(guān)注的問題?！盤ractice1P66-67Textbook1.Intheirrush,thesecompanieshaveneglectedThehardestpartofdoingbusinessinChina;thepeoplepart.Theresultisthatmanyhavejeopardizedtheirperformanceinthelongrun.2.Thecomputermakespossibleamarvelousleapinhumanproficiency;itpullsdownthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.3.Themostsuccessfulmanufacturersmak