LifenowandthenModule3Unit3Languageinuse3ModuleTosummarizeandconsolidatetheuseofadjectivesandadverbs.2.Tosummarizeandconsolidatetheuseofcomparativedegreeand

superlativedegree.ObjectivesObjectivesLanguagepractice

■Peoplearewealthiertoday,andtheylive

longerthantheydidinthepast.

■Butpeopledon’ttakeasmuchexerciseas

theyusedto.

■Morepeoplehavecars,andtheywalkorusetheirbikesless.

■Weeatbetterandwelivelonger.PresentationGrammarⅠ:

形容詞與副詞

形容詞和副詞的句法作用1.形容詞的用法形容詞一般放在名詞之前作定語，或放在系動詞之后作表語，或作賓語補(bǔ)足語。形容詞作定語，一般都是放在名詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞something,anything等則后置。Presentatione.g.Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.(賓補(bǔ)）

Theywerekind

andnice.(表語）

Canyouseetheoldtreethere?(定語）

Isthereanythingfunnyinthepapertoday?Presentation

作定語，常置于被修飾詞的前面。

Heisagoodactor.2.作表語，置于(連)系動詞后面。

Thebabyisstillasleep.Willyoupleasemakelessnoise?3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語，置于賓語后面。

Haveyougoteverythingreadyforthemeeting?形容詞在句中的作用及位置Presentationalive,afraid,awake,alone,asleep等表語形容詞作定語需后置。Whoisthegreatestmanalive?誰是當(dāng)今最偉大的人物？仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到有關(guān)形容詞的規(guī)律嗎？PresentationIhavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事要告訴你。英語單詞中something,anything,nothing等不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞放在不定代詞后面。Presentationaway，long，wide，high，deep，old等詞附有數(shù)量詞語說明時(shí)需后置。Theroadisabout50metreswide.這條路大約50米寬。Heisamanfullofenergy.他是一個充滿活力的人。形容詞+介詞短語或不定式短語作定語需后置。Presentation用and或or連接的兩個意義相反的形容詞作定語需后置。Shehasafamily,happyandrich.他有一個幸福美滿的家庭。Theweatherhereisverypleasant.這里的天氣很宜人。形容詞作表語位于連系動詞之后。Presentation形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，位于賓語之后。Thenewsmadehermotherveryangry.這消息使她媽媽很生氣。Tiredandhungry,hereturnedhome.他又累又餓地回到家里。形容詞或形容詞詞組作狀語使用時(shí)，可放在句首、句中或句尾。PresentationabigroundblacknewwoodenFrenchtable一張新的大而圓的法國黑色木桌子afamousGermanmedicalschool一所德國著名的醫(yī)學(xué)院somegreeneatingapples一些綠色食用的蘋果仔細(xì)觀察下面例子，你能找到有關(guān)形容詞的規(guī)律嗎？PresentationabeautifullittleyoungBritishpoliceman一位年輕高大的英國警察aprettypurplesilkdress一件漂亮的紫色絲綢裙子theboy’slittleniceredtoycar這個男孩的漂亮的紅色小玩具車Presentation多個形容詞修飾名詞的大體順序是：限定描繪大(小)長(短)高

(低)形狀年齡新(舊)老(少)顏色國籍出處材料作用類別等+名詞下面順口溜有助于你記憶：品大新形色國料Presentation副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞、全句或名詞詞組及句子的詞。常用的有：ago,before,now,then,soon,already,yet,here,there,up,down,above,below,inside,outside,where,very,much,so,too,quite,enough,easily,quietly,also,too,only等。在句中用作狀語、表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)等成分。2.副詞的用法PresentationOurschoolisverybeautiful.Itwasratherhotthatday.Hestudiesmuchhardernow.仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，放在它所修飾的詞的前面。副詞在句中的作用及位置PresentationIdon’tknowhimwell

enough.我不夠了解他。enough作為副詞總是置于被修飾的形容詞或副詞后。enough作為形容詞時(shí)可位于名詞前或者名詞后。Wehaven’tenough

foodforyou.=Wehaven’tfood

enoughforyou.我們沒有足夠的食物分給你們。Presentation頻度副詞、程度副詞可放在be動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后，實(shí)意動詞之前。ShehasneverbeentoBeijing.

她從未去過北京。PresentationTheystayedathome

lastnight.

昨晚他們在家。Lastnight(時(shí)間副詞)theystayedathome

(地點(diǎn)副詞).時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞一般位于句尾。如兩種副詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，一般地點(diǎn)副詞放在時(shí)間副詞之前，也可將時(shí)間副詞放在句首。PresentationPleaselistencarefully.請認(rèn)真地聽講。Pleaselistentomecarefully.請認(rèn)真地聽我講。方式副詞修飾及物動詞可在及物動詞前或賓語后，修飾不及物動詞在修飾的動詞后或在介詞+賓語后。PresentationThepeoplehereareveryfriendly.這里的人都很友好。副詞作定語，一般放在被修飾的名詞后。PresentationThelightisstillon.電燈還在亮著。Herofficeisjustabove.她的辦公室就在上面。副詞作表語表示位置，位于系動詞后。I’mpleasedtoseeyouback.看到你回來我很高興。副詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語位于賓語后。PresentationReviewthecomparativedegreeandsuperlativeadjectivesandadverbs.

大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。Grammar

Ⅱ:Presentation構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-esttall

greattaller

greatertallest

greatest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnice

large

ablenicer

larger

ablernicest

largest

ablest1).規(guī)則變化

單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加-er,-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。Presentation以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbig

hotbigger

hotterbiggest

hottest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-estclevernarrowcleverer

narrowercleverest

narrowestPresentation其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級carefulmorecarefulmostcarefulPresentation2).不規(guī)則變化

原級比較級最高級good,wellbetterbestbad,illworse

worst

old

older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymore

most

littleless

least

Presentation3).形容詞、副詞等級的用法1.原級的用法

只能修飾原級的詞,very,quite,so,too。e.g.Heistootiredtowalkon.

他太累了走不動了。

MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.

我哥哥跑得太快了,我跟不上他。Presentation2.原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”。e.g.TomisasoldasKate.

湯姆和凱特一樣大。

Presentation“甲+實(shí)意動詞+(倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”。e.g.TomrunsasfastasMike.

湯姆和麥克跑得一樣快。Presentation(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容詞原級+as+乙”

表示“甲不如乙…”。e.g.Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.

這個房間沒有那個大?！凹?助動詞+not+動詞原形+as/so+副詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙…”。e.g.Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.

他走得沒有你走得慢。Presentation

形容詞和副詞的比較等級1.常用的比較級的句型：1)A+謂動詞+比較級+than+B.e.g.MaryisyoungerthanBetty.

HegotupearlierthanIdidthismorning.Presentation2)主語+動詞+the比較級+ofthetwo.(說明：在ofthetwo這樣的比較范圍或特指哪一個時(shí),比較級前要加the)e.g.Tomisthetallerofthetwo.Lilyrunsfasterofthetwo.Presentation3)The+比較級,the+比較級,表示“越……,越……”。e.g.Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.你學(xué)的越多,知道的越多。

Theharderthetestis,thelowermarksweget.

測試題越難,我們的得分越少。Presentation4)比較級+and+比較級,表示“越來越……”。e.g.Thecomputerischeaperandcheaper.

計(jì)算機(jī)越來越便宜。

Hestudiesharderandharder.

他學(xué)習(xí)越來越努力。Presentation最高級的句型1.the+最高級+of/in…常用的最高級表達(dá)方式：e.g.Jimisthetallestofthethree.

吉姆是三個人中最高的。

Heisthemostdiligentstudentinhisclass.他是班上最勤奮的學(xué)生。Presentation2.選擇疑問句e.g.ItisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.

這是我所讀過的最有趣的一本書。3.the+最高級+定語從句e.g.Whoisthetallest,Tom,JackorBill?

湯姆、杰克和比爾,誰個子最高？比較級和最高級的修飾語應(yīng)置于其所修飾的形容詞或副詞之前。常見的比較級修飾語有much,still,alot,even,far等。e.g.Heworks

much

harderthanthen.他比那時(shí)工作要努力得多。比較級和最高級的修飾語Presentatione.g.Thisisbyfar

themostexpensivebagintheshop.

這是目前這家商店里最貴的包。常見的最高級修飾語有almost,byfar,far,much等。PresentationCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets.Formanypeople,lifeisalot(1)______(easy)today.Medicineanddietareimproving,andpeoplearegetting(2)_________________(healthy)andliving(3)________(long).Butcommunicationischanging(4)____________(fast)ofall.healthier/morehealthylongereasierfast/thefastestToday,withtheInternet,peoplecancommunicate(5)___________(easily)thaneverbeforewithfriendsallovertheworld.

Notallthechangesare(6)_____(good)ones.Morepeopledrivecarsinsteadofridingbikes,sotheyarenotas(7)____(fit)astheywere.moreeasilygoodfitPresentationIncreasingtrafficmakes

the

roads(8)______________(crowded)than

ever,anditalsomakespollution(9)______(bad).Wemustallworkhardertoreducepollution.

morecrowdedworsePresentationWorkinpairs.Lookatthetwopicturesandtalkabouthowthetownhaschanged.Usethewordsintheboxtohelpyou.big,building,busy,house,modern,more,shop,street,tall,traffic,treePresentation1.Thebuildingsaremuchtaller,muchmorebeautifulandmuchnewer.Thesampleanswers

Presentation2.Therearemorecarsinthestreettodaythanitwas50yearsago.3.Thestreetsaremuchwiderandcleaner.4.Theenvironmentismuchbetter.5.Peoplearemuchbusierthanbefore.6.Thelifeismuchbetterthanbefore.7.Therearemoreshopsthanbefore.Presentation3.Completethesentenceswiththewordsorexpressionsinthebox.heat,morethan,seldom,spare,speakup1.We________havetimetogoonholiday.2.Wedonothavemuch_________timebecausewehaveimportantexamsthisyear.seldom

spare

Presentation3.Nevergooutinthe______ofthedaywithoutahat.4.Youhaveto__________becausethestudentsinthebackcannothearyou.5.MrSmithis__________ateacher.Mostofhispupilsthinkofhimastheirfriend.heatspeakup

morethan

Presentation4.Readtheemailandfindthreeexamplesthatshowlifewasharderinthepastthanitistoday.FROM:GranTO:ChristineSUBJECT:ThelivesofchildreninVictorianBritain

DearChristine,Youaskedmeforhelpaboutyourschoolproject-thelivesofchildreninVictorianPresentationBritain.Iwasalsointerested.Isearchedonlineandfoundoutthefollowing.InVictorianBritain,thousandsofpeoplecametothecitiestoworkinthefactories.Insteadofthegreen,opencountryside,peoplelivedinverysmallhouses,veryclosetoeachother,withnospaceforchildrentoplay.Familiesinthosedayswerequitebig.Often,therewerefourorfivechildreninonefamily,Presentationandtheyallhadtosleepinhousesofjusttworooms.Sometimes,awholestreethadtoshareoneoutsidetoilet.Canyouimaginethat?Mostofthebigcitiesweredirtyandunhealthy.Thepollutionfromfactoriesfilledtheair.Peopleputtheirrubbishoutsideinthestreets.Asaresult,thereweremanyillnesses.Andlifewasharderforchildreninthosetimes.Theydidn’talwaysgotoschool,becausetheyhadtoworkinstead.ManyPresentationchildrenstartedworkinfactorieswhentheywereonlyfourorfiveyearsold.Theyworkedtwelvehoursadayindangerousjobsforverylittlemoney.Manywerehurtinaccidentswithmachines.Ihopethisishelpful.Writetomeifyouneedmoreinformation.Withlove,GranPresentationReadtheemailagain.Findsentencesthattellus:1.Therewasnotenoughlivingspaceforpeople.2.Mostofthebigcitiesweredirtyandunhealthy.3.Lifewasharderforchildreninthosetimes.PresentationWriteexamples.Peoplelivedinverysmallhouses,veryclosetoeachother,withnospaceforchildrentoplay._________________________________.3.___________________________________.Presentation1.Therewasnotenoughlivingspaceforpeople.Peoplelivedinverysmallhouses,veryclosetoeachother,withnospaceforchildrentoplay.

Familiesinthosedayswerequitebig.Awholestreethadtoshareoneoutsidetoilet.OnepossibleversionPresentation2.Mostofthebigcitiesweredirtyandunhealthy.Thepollutionfromfactoriesfilledtheair.Peopleputtheirrubbishoutsideinthestreets.Asaresult,thereweremanyillnesses.Presentation3.Lifewasharderforchildreninthosetimes.Theydidn’talwaysgotoschool,becausetheyhadtoworkinstead.Manychildrenstartedworkinfactorieswhentheywereonlyfourorfiveyearsold.PresentationSomedifficultpoints:

1.beinterestedindoingsth.有興趣做某事2.thousandsof成千上萬的3.insteadof

代替,而不是4.closeto:near接近,靠近5.shareoneoutsidetoilet

共用一個室外的廁所6.asaresult

結(jié)果是7.manydiseases許多疾病PresentationLearningtolearnWhenyoudoalisteningorreadingexercise,youshouldreadtheinstructionscarefully.Thenyoucanfocusyourattentionjustontheinformationyouneed.Youdon’thavetounderstandeveryword.Presentation6.Listenandcompletethetable.GrandmotherMotherAgetostartschoolAgetostartwork8yearsold14yearsold18yearsold24yearsold22yearsold6yearsoldPresentationAgetogetmarriedNumberofchildrenAgetostopworkingfourchildren50yearsold55yearsoldonechildPresentation7.Writeapassagecomparingthelivesofthespeaker’sgrandmotherandmotherinActivity6.Thespeaker’sgrandmotherandmotherhavelivedverydifferentlives.Hergrandmotherhadamuchbiggerfamily…PresentationWriteapassagecomparingtheirlives.Thegrandmotherhadeightbrothersandsisterssoshehadabiggerfamily.Shestartedschoolwhenshewasolder,butsheleftschoolearlier.Thegrandmotheronlywenttoschoolfor6years,whilethemotherASamplePresentationwenttoschoolfor12years,andtouniversity.Thegrandmotherworkedhardinafactoryfrom14untilshewas50,andthemotherworkedasateacherfrom22andwillfinishworkingwhensheis55;shealsohasalongsummerholiday.Thegrandmothergotmarriedat18andhadPresentationherfirstbabyayearlater;shehadfourchildren.Ontheotherhand,themothergotmarriedat24,andonlyhadonechildattheageof25.PresentationAroundtheworldchangeFeatures?Differences?PresentationCarsThemoderncarhaschangedlifeagreatdeal.Beforetheinventionofthecar,peoplehadtotravelbyrail,onhorsebackorbyhorse-drawncarriage,oronfoot.Usinghorsesfortravelwasslow,andofcoursewalkingwasevenslower.CarsallowpeopletotravellongPresentation

distancesquickly,incomfortandconvenience.Thecaralsosolvedanenormousproblemcausedbyusinghorsesfortransportincities:manure!Thereweresomanyhorsesinlargecitiesthatitwasalmost

impossibletogetridof

Presentationthemanure.Modernpeople

areusedtotheideathatcarscausepollution,butthefirstcarsactuallymadecitiescleaner!PresentationInthepast

ModernWays

FeaturesMoreinformationhorse,horse-drawncarriage,onfootslow,toomuchmanurecarsquick,comfortable,

convenient,

cleanerthanhorsecarriagePresentation8.Workingroups.Readthemotionofthedebate.Moduletask:OrganisingadebateHealthismoreimportantthanwealth.Nowdecidewhoisforthemotionandwhoisagainstit.Youcanusesomeofthefollowingideas:Presentation●Withouthealth,wealthmeansnothing.●Youcanenjoylifebetterifyouarehealthy.●Itishardtobehealthywithoutwealth.●Youcanenjoylifebetterifyouare

wealthy.For:Against:Presentation9.Prepareyourarguments.Giveexamplestosupportyourideas.Healthismoreimportantthanwealth.Presentation

Examples:Ahealthyscientistcanachievemoresuccessinhisscientificresearch.2.Moneycan’t

helpcure

all

diseases,like

cancer

or

AIDSand

so

on.Presentation●Thoseforthemotiongivetheiropinions.●Thoseagainstthemotiongivetheiropinions.●Taketurnstosaywhatyouthinkabouteachother’sarguments.10.Holdthedebate.Presentation11.Discussandfindoutwhethermostpeoplearefororagainstthemotion.Presentation1.—WhatdoyouthinkofTom’sspeaking?—Noonedoes____inourclass.A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best2.—Whatacarefulboyyouare!—Thankyou.Infact,Tomdoeseverything___thanme.A.morecarefullyB.morecarefulC.muchcarefulBA一.單項(xiàng)選擇。ExercisesExercise3.—Thedoctortoldme____toomuchbutIfinditdifficult.—Thedoctorisright.Thelessyoudrink,______youwillbe.A.don’tdrink;thehealthier

B.nottodrink;thehealthierC.nottodrink;themorehealthier

D.don’tdrink;healthierB

Exercise4.—Whichcityisyourfavorite?—Hangzhou,ofcourse.It’sthe____place

thatIwanttovisit.A.worse B.worst C.betterD.bestD5.—Dad,howcanIgetonwellwithmyclassmates?—Trytobefriendlytothem.Thatwillmakeitmuch____.A.easilyB.moreeasily

C.easyD.easierDExercise6.---Susan,youk