課時(shí)分層作業(yè)(七)SectionⅠ[高考題型練習(xí)提能力]Ⅰ.閱讀理解AOctopuses(章魚)areseaanimalsfamousfortheirroundedbodies，bulgingeyes，andeightlongarms.Theyliveinalltheworld'soceansbutthereareespeciallymoreoctopusesinwarm，tropical，liketheircousin，thesquid(烏賊)，areoftenconsidered“monstersofthedeep”，thoughsomespecies，ortypes，occupyrelativelyshallowwaters.Mostoctopusesstayalongtheocean'sfloor，althoughsomespeciesarepelagic，whichmeanstheylivenearthewater'ssurface.Otheroctopusspeciesliveindeep，darkwaters，risingfrombelowatdawnanddusktosearchforfood.Crabsandshrimpsrankamongtheirfavoritefoods，thoughsomecanattacklargerprey(獵物)，likesharks.Octopusestypicallydropdownontheirpreyfromaboveand，usingpowerfulsuctionsthatlinetheirarms，pulltheanimalsintotheirmouths.Theoctopusperformsitsfamousbackwardswimbyblowingupwaterthroughamusculartubeonthebodycalledasiphon.Octopusesalsocrawlalongtheocean'sfloor，puttingtheirarmsintosmallopeningstosearchforfood.Seals，whales，andlargefishpreyonoctopuses.Ifthreatened，octopusesshootaninkyliquidthatdarkensthewater，confusingtheotheranimals.Theoctopuscanalsochangetogray，brown，pink，blue，orgreentomixwithitssurroundings.Octopusesmayalsochangecolorasawaytocommunicatewithotheroctopuses.Octopusesaresolitarycreaturesthatlivealoneindens(巢穴)builtfromrocksusessometimesevenfashionarock“door”fortheirdensthatpullclosedwhentheoctopusissafelyinside.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹的是章魚的生活習(xí)性。1．Inwhichplacecanwefindmoreoctopuses?A．TheoceannearHainan.B．TherivernearCanada.C．TheArcticOcean.D．TheSouthPole.A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“butthereareespeciallymoreoctopusesinwarm，tropicalwaters.”可知，在海南附近的海洋中能找到更多的章魚。]2．Whatisawayforoctopusestocommunicatewitheachother?A．Usingspecialsignals.B．Makingspecialsounds.C．Livingtogetherinagroup.D．Changingtheirowncolors.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Octopusesmayalsochangecolorasawaytocommunicatewithotheroctopuses.”可知，章魚通過改變顏色的方式與其他章魚進(jìn)行交流。]3．Whatdoweknowaboutoctopuses?A．Theyjuststayindeepocean.B．Theyeatfoodbyusingtheirteeth.C．Theydon'tlikehuntinglargeanimals.D．Theyshootaninkyliquidtoavoiddangers.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話可知，它們噴射出墨汁似的物質(zhì)迷惑敵人，以避開危險(xiǎn)。]BIntheArcticOceanwaterslivethesocialanimals—belugas，whichisalsoknownaswhitewhales.Highlyintelligent，thesewhalesusedifferentsoundstocommunicateandfindtheirway.Belugasarealsoamongthesmallestkindsofwhales.Morethan210belugas，including31intheUnitedStates，liveinaquariums(水族館)aroundtheworld.TheGeorgiaAquariumhasaskedforpermissiontobring18morebelugasintotheUS.ThewhaleswerecaughtoffthecoastofRussia.TheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)isconsideringtheaquarium'srequestthoroughly.AlawcalledtheMarineMammalProtectionAct(MMPA)saystheanimalscanonlybebroughtintothecountryandputondisplayiftheyarecaughtwithoutbeinghurtandthereisaneducationalreasonfordoingso.GeorgiaAquariumofficialssaythe18belugaswillhelppeoplelearnmoreaboutthespeciesandallowscientiststobetterunderstandhowtoprotectit.TheaquariumwouldalsobreedthewhalessotheUSaquariumscancontinuetodisplaythem.“Whenwecanstudyandobserve，wegainabetterunderstandingoftheirbiologyanddiseasesthataffectthem，andlearnhowtoaidpopulationsintheirnaturalhabitats，”saysWilliamHurley，GeorgiaAquarium'schiefofficer.“Muchofthisresearchwouldbeimpossibleintheremotelocationsandextremeclimateswheretheanimalslive.”TheGeorgiaAquariumwouldownthe18belugasandwouldrentsometoaquariumsacrossthecountry.Meanwhile，manyscientists，includingLoriMarino，awhaleexpert，feelstronglythatthewhalesbelongintheocean，notintanks.Thesescientistssaythewhalesarebeingusedforentertainmentandnotforeducation，andhavingtheminaquariumsisnotnecessaryforthespeciestosurvive.Marinosaid，“Notonlyisitunfairtothebelugasbutthereisnoeducationalvalueinputtingthesewhalesondisplay.”【語篇解讀】白鯨是一種生活在北極的聰明的動(dòng)物，現(xiàn)在有210多頭生活在人類世界的水族館里，美國的一家水族館請(qǐng)求再引進(jìn)18頭，引起了專家們的爭論。4．Whatcanwelearnaboutbelugas?A．TheyliveintheAtlanticOcean.B．Theyarehighlythoughtof.C．Theyareverysmartwhales.D．Theyarethesmallestinnumber.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Highlyintelligent...”可得出答案。]5．IftheGeorgiaAquarium'srequestisallowed，．A．there'llbe210belugasintheworldB．259belugasinallwillbekeptinaquariumsC．therewillbe49belugaskeptinaquariumsintheUSD．18belugaswillbecaughtbyRussiansC[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“including31intheUnitedStates，liveinaquariums”以及“tobring18morebelugasintotheUS”可得出答案。]6．AccordingtoMarineMammalProtectionAct，．A．therequestshouldberefusedwithoutconsiderationB．a(chǎn)nimalscannotbebroughtintotheUSandputondisplayC．a(chǎn)nimalscanonlybecaughtiftheywerehurtD．a(chǎn)nimalscannotbecaughtforcommercialpurposesD[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話可知B、C兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)該段第三句話可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。]7．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphintendtotellus?A．ThereasonswhyGeorgiaAquariumrequestsforthe18belugas.B．Howthe18belugaswillbedealtwithinGeorgiaAquarium.C．BelugascanlivebetterinhumancareinGeorgiaAquarium.D．Scientificresearchaboutthebelugascanbedonebetterinthewild.A[段落大意題。本段主要介紹了喬治亞州水族館的主管說明申請(qǐng)引進(jìn)18頭白鯨的理由。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Thedangersfacedbytheoceanmayseemterrible.Inthefaceofpollution,climatechangeandotherseriousproblems,whatyoucandoalonemayseemlittle.1Herearesomewaystogetstarted：·Bewater-wise.Allwatersontheearthareconnected,soyoucanhelpkeeptheoceancleanbyusingaslittlefertilizer(化肥)aspossiblewhengrowingplantsinyouryard.2Muchenergyiswastedintransportingfoodsfromfaraway.What'smore,rememberthattrashyouthrowawaydoesn'tdisappear.Sodon'tthrowwastesintotheocean.·Befish-friendly.Scientistsguessthatupto90%oflargepredatoryfish(thosethateatotheranimals)havedisappearedsincehumansbeganheavyfishing.3Youshouldchoosesustainableseafoodinrestaurants.Whenfishingonyourown,makesureyoufollowalllocalcatchlimits.·Cutcarbon.Weshouldtrytoreducetheamountofcarbondioxidegivenoffaswegoaboutourdailyactivities.4·5Atriptotheoceanisagreatwaytolearnmoreabouttheocean.Butwhenyouvisit,makesureyouaren'tcausingharm.Ifyouplantotakeacruiseforyournextvacation,dosomeresearchtofindthemosteco-friendlyway.A．Traveltheoceaninaresponsibleway.B．Toprotectfish,youneedtowatchwhatyoueat.C．Ifpossible,trytolookforproductsgrownclosetowhereyoulive.D．Don'tbuyproductsthataremadefromseaanimalsoranimalparts.E．Butifwebeginworkingtogethernow,wecanmakeahugedifference.F．Asaresultofglobalwarming,everyoneneedstolearnhowtosaveenergy.G．Toachievethis,weshouldtrytowalk,bikeortakethebustoworkorschool.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，作者告訴我們應(yīng)該怎樣做才能更好地保護(hù)海洋。1．E[為保護(hù)海洋一個(gè)人的努力可能微不足道，但如果大家一起努力，那影響就大了。E項(xiàng)和上文形成對(duì)比。]2．C[盡可能買本地產(chǎn)的食物，這樣可以減少運(yùn)輸途中所需要的能源。]3．B[該空后提示選擇可持續(xù)的食物，這和B項(xiàng)相對(duì)應(yīng)。]4．G[選項(xiàng)中的this指的是“trytoreducetheamountofcarbondioxide”。G項(xiàng)中步行、騎自行車或乘坐公交車工作或上學(xué)能夠減少碳排放，和前文呼應(yīng)。]5．A[最后一段舉例說明在乘船游玩的時(shí)候要選擇對(duì)海洋環(huán)境最有利的方式，這和A項(xiàng)相呼應(yīng)。]Ⅲ.語法填空Whaleslooklikefishandswimlikefish.Buttheyaren'tfishatall.Theyaremammals.Whalescan'tstayinthe1.________(deep)oftheseaallthetimeasfishdo.Theyhavetocomeupforairfromtimetotime.Theybreathethroughblowholesatthetopoftheirheads.Whentheirwarmbreathhitsthemuch2.________(cold)airoutside,itmakesacloudofmist3.________(call)a“spout(水柱)”.Youcanspotawhalebyitsspout.Fishcan'tmakesoundsbutwhalescan.Theymakesounds4.________(communicate)witheachother.5．________biggestwhaleofallisthebluewhale.Itis6.________(absolute)huge.Itcanbe110feetlongandweighsmorethan150tons.That'smorethantenbusesputtogether!Findingfoodisasimplematterforbluewhales.Theyjustswimalong7.________theirhugemouthsopen,andthousandsoftinyseacreaturesflowin.Butbluewhale