Unit22EnvironmentalProtection一、刷黑板——eq\a\vs4\al(詞匯全聽寫先過識記默寫關(guān))Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯(英譯漢)[第一屏聽寫]1．*greenhouseeffect 溫室效應(yīng)2．ecologyn. 生態(tài)3．botanicaladj. 植物的4．consultantn. 顧問5．breweryn. 啤酒廠6．boycottn. (聯(lián)合)抵制7．corruptadj. 貪污受賄的，腐敗的[第二屏聽寫]8．conservationn． 保護9．consensusn. 一致的意見10．rayn. 光線11．bouncevi. 反彈12．pin(on)vt. 把責任加在(某人)身上13．*droughtn. 旱災(zāi)14．federaladj. 聯(lián)邦的[第三屏聽寫]15．cushionn． 坐墊，靠墊16．pancaken. 薄煎餅17．hurricanen. 颶風18．*speciesn. (動植物的)物種19．*habitatn. 棲息地20．tortoisen. (陸)龜21．hookn. 鉤子，鉤[第四屏聽寫]22．wrapup 結(jié)束23．*Tibetanantelope 藏羚羊24．*Tibet 西藏25．*enforcevt. 實施，執(zhí)行26．*landsliden. 滑坡，山崩27．*tsunamin. 海嘯28．typhoonn. 臺風[第五屏聽寫]29．grandadj. 巨大的30．*scalen. 規(guī)模，范圍31．thunderstormn. 雷暴，雷雨32．rainfalln. 降雨量33．irrigationn. 灌溉34．offshoreadj. 在近海岸的35．catastrophen. 巨大的災(zāi)難[第六屏聽寫]36．clayn． 黏土37．brickn. 磚，磚塊38．slipvi. 滑行39．mountainousadj. 多山的40．howlvi. 咆哮，怒吼41．rollvi. (平穩(wěn)地)移動，滾動42．plugvt. 塞住43．plugone'sears 塞住耳朵[第七屏聽寫]44．quiltn． 被褥，被子45．*industrialisationn. 工業(yè)化46．*negativeadj. 消極的，負面的47．*soundproofadj. 隔音的48．warehousen. 倉庫49．fragileadj. 易毀的；脆弱的50．pestn. 有害的動物51．validadj. 有充分理由的[第八屏聽寫]52．evolutionn． (生物)進化53．trunkn. 象鼻54．*tuskn. (象等動物的)長牙55．cuben. 立方體56．cubicadj. 立方的57.carvevt.&vi. 雕刻58．quaken. 地震59．mainlandn. 大陸Ⅱ.高頻詞匯(漢譯英)[第九屏聽寫]1．*endangervt. 危害2．trapvt. 使困住3．a(chǎn)_number_of 一些4．reserven. 保護區(qū)5．principlen. 原則，道德準則6．beyondprep. 超出7．beyond_one's_control 超出……的控制，不受……的控制8．*claimvt. 聲稱[第十屏聽寫]9．look_ahead 展望未來10．relevantadj. 有關(guān)的11．refer_(to)_ 指，意即12．in_turn_ 依次13．lead_to_ 引起，導(dǎo)致14．a(chǎn)griculturen. 農(nóng)業(yè)15．coincidencen. 巧合16．sacrificevt.&vi. 犧牲；獻出[第十一屏聽寫]17．condemnvt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地18．take_action 采取行動19．a(chǎn)dvocatevt. 主張，提倡20．recyclevt. 回收利用21．substituten. 代替品，代用品22．threatenvt. 威脅23._ahead_of_ 在……前面24．a(chǎn)part_from 除……以外[第十二屏聽寫]25．a(chǎn)nswer_for 對(已產(chǎn)生的不良后果)負責任26．seizevt. 依法沒收；(用武力)奪取27．call_for_an_end_to_sth._ 要求結(jié)束……28．or_else 否則；不然29．behalfn. 代表30．on_somebody's_behalf_ 代表……31．for_good_ 永遠32．carry_off_ 掠去，奪走[第十三屏聽寫]33．a(chǎn)ll_in_all_ 總的來說34．changeableadj. 多變的35．result_in_ 導(dǎo)致36．roughadj. 艱難的37．separationn. 分離，分開38．meansn. 方法39．earn_one's_living 謀生40．constructvt. 建造[第十四屏聽寫]41．slidevi. 滑行42．fleevt.&vi. 逃走43．calculatevt. 計算，算出44．a(chǎn)doptvt. 采用45．considerateadj. 想得周到的，體貼的46．a(chǎn)ll_the_best 祝一切順利47．politics_n. 政治(活動)48．sum_up 總結(jié)，概括[第十五屏聽寫]49．a(chǎn)s_a_matter_of_fact 實際上50．financen. 資金51．a(chǎn)llocatevt. 分配，配給52．break_away_from 擺脫，脫離(某種思想體系、團體、組織)53．grandadj. 巨大的54．potentialn. 可能性，潛在性55．dustn. 塵土，灰塵56．a(chǎn)rmvt. 武裝[第十六屏聽寫]57．carvevt.&vi. 雕刻58．reservationn. 保護59．*extinctadj. 滅絕的，絕種的60．*fashionableadj. 流行的，時髦的61．sharpenern. 卷筆刀62．sharpenvt. 削尖63．consultantn. 顧問二、刷清單——eq\a\vs4\al(熱身自盤點再過基本應(yīng)用關(guān))(一)核心單詞閱讀單詞1.ecologyn．生態(tài)2.botanicaladj.植物的3.consultantn._顧問4.corruptadj.貪污受賄的，腐敗的5.conservationn.保護6.consensusn.一致的意見7.rayn._光線_8.droughtn.旱災(zāi)9.federaladj._聯(lián)邦的10.hurricanen._颶風11.speciesn.(動植物的)物種12.habitatn.棲息地13.enforcevt.實施，執(zhí)行14.scalen.規(guī)模，范圍15.thunderstormn.雷暴，暴雨16.rainfalln.降雨量17.quaken．地震18.offshoreadj.在近海岸的19.evolutionn.(生物)進化20.mountainousadj.多山的21.validadj.有充分理由的22.fragileadj.易毀的；脆弱的23.negativeadj.消極的，負面的24.mainlandn.大陸表達單詞1.endangervt.危害2.trapvt.使困住3.principlen.原則，道德準則4.beyondprep.超出5.relevantadj.有關(guān)的6.coincidencen.巧合7.condemnvt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地8.sacrificevt.&vi.犧牲；獻出9.advocatevt.主張，提倡10.recyclevt.回收利用11.substituten.代替品，代用品12.seizevt.依法沒收；(用武力)奪取13.behalfn.代表14.meansn.方法15.fleev.逃走16.potentialn.可能性，潛在性17.claimvt.聲稱18.dustn.塵土，灰塵19.armvt.武裝20.carvevt.&vi.雕刻[語境活用]1.Ifyoudon'tpayyourdebt,yourpropertywillbeseized(沒收)．2.Theyhadbeentrapped(使困住)inthecavefor20daysbeforerescued.3.Whatacoincidence(巧合)thatwewereinNewYorkatthesametime！4.Thereportadvocated(提倡)thatallbuildingsshouldbefittedwithsmokedetectorsinyesterday'snewspaper.5.Inaformalfootballmatch,eachteamcanhavethreeplayerstosubstitute(替代)theirteammateswhennecessary.6.Wewillcondemn(譴責)thosepeoplefortheirmistreatingpets,suchasdogsorcats.7.ItwasnotuntilIpletedtheformthatIrealizedthathalfthequestionswerenotrelevant(有關(guān)的)tome.8.Allchildrenshouldbeencouragedtodeveloptheirfullpotential(潛能)．9.Youmustn'tsacrifice(犧牲)environmenttopromoteeconomicgrowth.10.Duringthecivilwarthousandsofpeoplefled(逃離)thecountry.拓展單詞1.extinctadj.滅絕的，絕種的→extinctionn．滅絕，絕種2.fashionableadj.流行的，時髦的→fashionn．流行，時尚3.separationn．分離，分開→separateadj.分開的v.分離，分開4.constructvt.建造→constructionn．建造5.considerateadj.想得周到的，體貼的→considervt.考慮→considerationn．考慮→consideringprep.考慮到；鑒于6.adoptvt.采用；收養(yǎng)→adoptionn．收養(yǎng)；采用→adoptedadj.收養(yǎng)的7.reservationn．預(yù)訂；保留；保護；疑惑→reserven．保護區(qū)vt.保留；預(yù)訂→reservedadj.預(yù)訂的，保留的8.agriculturen．農(nóng)業(yè)→agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的9.changeableadj.多變的→changen.&v．變化10.financen．資金→financialadj.財政的；金融的11.allocatevt.分配，配給→allocationn．分配，配給12.politicsn．政治(活動)→politicaladj.政治的→politiciann．政治家13.sharpenvt.削尖→sharpadj.鋒利的→sharpenern．卷筆刀14.calculatevt.計算，算出→calculationn．計算→calculatorn．計算器[語境活用]1.Theoldmanconsidershisdaughter-in-lawconsideratebecauseshealwaystakeseverythingintoconsiderationwhenshedealswithfamilyaffairs.(consider)2.Afteralongseparation,_theybothlivedaseparatelifeandintheendtheyseparatedpeacefully.(separate)3.Anewbridgeisbeingconstructedovertheriveranditsconstructionwillbefinishednextyear.(construct)4.Itisnotsafetoletthechildsharpenhispencilusingthesharpsharpener.(sharp)5.Mr.WhiteistheadoptedsonofMrs.Green,whoadoptedhimwhenhisparentsdied20yearsago.Thankstoheradoption,_Mr.Whitecouldreceiveagoodeducationandbecameanengineer.(adopt)6.Theworldischangeable,_andeverythingischanging.(change)7.Ifnecessary,studentsareallowedtocalculatethevolume(容積)ofthecontainerusingacalculator,_whichwillmakethecalculationsimpler.(calculate)8.Alargesumhasbeenallocatedforbuyingnewbooksforthelibrary.Theallocationisofgreatimportancetoourschoollibrary'sconstruction.(allocate)(二)常用短語寫準記牢語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)1.a_number_of一些2.in_turn依次，輪流；反過來3.take_action采取行動4.lead_to引起，導(dǎo)致5.ahead_of在……前面6.apart_from除……以外7.answer_for(對已產(chǎn)生的不良后果)負責任8.carry_off掠去，奪走9.call_for_an_end_to_sth.要求結(jié)束……10.refer_to指，意即11.all_in_all總的來說12.earn_one's_living謀生13.as_a_matter_of_fact實際上14.look_ahead展望未來，向前看15.result_in導(dǎo)致16.on_somebody's_behalf代表……17.break_away_from擺脫；脫離(團體、組織、某種思想體系)18.sum_up總結(jié)，概括19.or_else否則，不然20.beyond_one's_control超出……的控制1.Hespendstoomuchtimeonmaths,andthis_in_turnaffectstheprogressofhisothersubjects.2.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrolthelecturewascancelled.3.Eatingtoomuchfatcan_lead_toheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.4.Ifwehumanbeingsdon'ttake_actiontoprotecttheearthfromnowon,we'llhavenowheretoliveinthefuture.5.We'llhavetoanswer_for_ourselfishnesssoonerorlater.6.As_a_matter_of_fact,_parentsdon'twanttheirchildrentobeintrouble.7.Wehavereachedanagreementthatwewillnotrefer_to_thematteragain.8.Apart_frombeingtoolarge,thecolorandthestyleofthedresssuitmewell.9.Iwasencouragedtobreak_away_fromoldformsandrules.10.Youngpeopleoften_look_aheadtothefuturewhiletheelderlylookbackonthepast.11.Jobsearned_his_living_bysellingputerswhenhewas19yearsold.12.A_number_ofworldfamouspaintingsareonshowinthisexhibition.13.Ididn'tknowthathewasacheat;or_elseIwouldn'thavebelievedhim.(三)經(jīng)典句式原句背誦句式解構(gòu)佳句仿寫1.Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果沒有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽光將會被反射回太空中去，使地球處于寒冷之中，不適合生命的存在。含蓄條件句的虛擬。要是沒有你的幫助，我不可能在英語演講比賽中獲得第一名。Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn't_have_won_the_first_placeintheEnglishSpeakingpetition.2.Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅只是巧合而已。given用作介詞或連詞，表示“鑒于；考慮到；倘若”?？紤]到目前的條件，我認為他已做得相當出色了。Given_the_present_conditions,_Ithinkhehasdoneratherwell.3.Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetoe.近幾年一些環(huán)境災(zāi)難大規(guī)模地出現(xiàn)，專家們預(yù)測更壞的局面即將來臨。擬人修辭手法。天安門前的這兩只石獅見證了許多重大的歷史事件。The_two_stone_lions_standing_in_front_of_Tian'anmen_saw/witnessedmanygreathistoricevents.(四)初中考點再回顧高頻考查類——記熟文化差異類——辨清易忘易錯類——勤覽1.rightnow現(xiàn)在2.rushout沖出去3.scarfn.圍巾；頭巾4.schooltrip學(xué)校郊游5.scoopn.勺子；鏟子6.sendfor派人取/請1.beat_v．心臟跳動2.give_..._a_lift搭便車；捎一程3.indisbelief難以置信4.servemeacupofcoffee給我端上一杯咖啡5.serveas/for充當；擔任6.workouttheanswer解出答案1.flashn．閃光燈2.maybeadv.可能3.maybe可能是4.asenseofdirection方向感5.asenseofhumour幽默感6.gooutofone'swaytodosth.特地做某事一、過重點單詞——eq\a\vs4\al(縱引橫聯(lián)超人一點)1．reservevt.儲備；保存；保留；預(yù)訂，預(yù)約n.保護區(qū)；儲備[教材原句]Breweriesareoftenbuiltinnaturereserves.啤酒廠經(jīng)常建在自然保護區(qū)。[練牢基點]寫出下列句中reserve的詞性及含義①I'dprefertoreservemyjudgementuntilIfindalltheevidence.vt.保留②IcannotgetthebookIwantbutcanIreserveit？vt.預(yù)訂③Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,istoreservewaterinascientificwayforfutureuse.vt.儲備④JiuzhaigouValleyisanaturereservelocatedinChina'sSichuanProvince.n．保護區(qū)[系統(tǒng)考點](1)reservesth.forsb./sth. 為某人/某物保留、預(yù)訂某物(2)inreserve 貯存；備用(3)reservationn. 保留；預(yù)訂(房間、座位等)makeareservation 預(yù)訂(座位、房間等)withoutreserve/reservation 毫無保留地(4)reservedadj. 預(yù)訂的，保留的bereservedfor 留作，(專)供……之用[練通重點]單句語法填空⑤—Haveyoureservedatableforusinadvance,Mary?—Oh,IforgottotellyouIhavemadeareservationforyou.Youwillhaveareservedtablewheneveryougetthere.(reserve)完成句子⑥Wealwayskeepsomemoney_in_reserve,_justincase.我們總是存些錢，以防萬一。⑦Theyacceptedtheproposal_without_reserve/reservation.他們毫無保留地接受了這個建議。一句多譯你必須提前訂票嗎？⑧Doyouhavetoreserve_ticketsinadvance?(reserve)⑨Doyouhavetomake_a_reservation_of_ticketsinadvance?(reservation)2．seizevt.抓??；捉??；奪取[經(jīng)典例句]Shetriedtoseizethegunfromhim.她試圖奪他的槍。seizesth.fromsb. 從某人那里奪過某物seizesb.bythe... 抓住某人的……seizeon/upon 抓住，利用seizeachance/anopportunity 抓住機會[多角練透]單句語法填空①Beforehecouldrunaway,sheseizedhimbythecollar.②Theyseizedon/upontheexcusetogetoutofthetrouble.完成句子③Weshouldseize_the__chance/opportunity_to_work_hardtoachieveourgoals.我們應(yīng)抓住機會努力實現(xiàn)我們的目標。④Tom_seized_the_letter_from_herandbegantoreadoutloud.湯姆從她手上把信搶過去，開始大聲朗讀。3．substitutevt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品[教材原句]Afterall,there'snosubstituteforourEarth.畢竟，沒有任何東西可代替地球。(1)substituteAforB＝substituteBwith/byA 用A代替/取代Bsubstitutefor 代替，取代(2)asubstitutefor... ……的替代品[題點全練]完成句子/一句多譯①Larrysubstituted_for_the_colleaguewhowassick.拉里代替了那位生病的同事。②InChinamanypeopleuseteaas_a_substitute_for_coffee.在中國，很多人用茶作為咖啡的替代品。在我看來，我們必須用一把新椅子換掉這把壞椅子。③AsfarasI'mconcerned,wemustsubstitute_a_new_chair_for_the_broken_one.④AsfarasI'mconcerned,wemustsubstitute_the_broken_chair_with/by_a_new_one.4．trapvt.使困住；誘捕；誘騙；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套[教材原句]Becauseofthegreenhouseeffect,theEarthiswarmedbygasestrappedintheatmosphere.因為溫室效應(yīng)，困在大氣層中的氣體使得地球氣溫上升。[練牢基點]寫出下列句中trap的詞性及含義①Someminersweretrappedundergroundafterthecollapse.vt.使困?、赪ereyoujustgoingtotrapherintomakingsomeadmission?vt.誘騙③Theonlythingthewolfcoulddowasclimbinguptothegroundfromthetrap.n．陷阱④Thepolicesetatraptocatchthethief.n．圈套[系統(tǒng)考點](1)trapsb.into(doing)sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；誘騙某人(做)某事be/gettrappedin 被困在……中(2)fallintoatrap 落入陷阱/圈套fallintothetrapofdoingsth. 落入……的圈套；做某事不明智set/layatrapfor 為……設(shè)圈套[練通重點]單句語法填空⑤Theshopkeepertrappedmeintobuying(buy)hispoorqualitymilk.⑥Onceyoufallintoatrap,itwillnotbeeasytogetoutofit.完成句子⑦Theoldmanwas_trapped_in_the_burning_house_atthatmoment.那時候這位老人被困在著火的房子里。⑧Sheistooclevertofall_into_the_trap_of_doing_any_hard_work.她很聰明，不會中圈套去做任何困難的工作。⑨Heset_a_trap_for_herandshewalkedstraightintoit.他給她設(shè)了個圈套，她就徑直鉆了進去。5．threatenvt.威脅，恐嚇[經(jīng)典例句]Theythreatenedtocloseourcreditlinesifwedon'treducetheamountofcarbondioxideweproduce.如果我們不降低二氧化碳的排放量，他們威脅說將取消我們的信用額度。(1)threatensb.with... 用……威脅某人threatentodosth. 威脅要做某事threatenthat... 威脅……(2)threatn. 威脅，恐嚇athreattosb./sth. 對某人或某事的威脅[多角練透]單句語法填空①WillarisingChinabeeathreattoWesterninterests?②Hetiedherupandthreatenedherwithasix-inchknife.③Thosekidnappersthreatenedto_kill(kill)theirsoniftheycouldn'tgetenoughmoney.句式升級④Hewasthreatenedbyterroristsanddidn'tdaretovoteforthepresident.→Threatened_by_terrorists,_he_didn't_dare_to_vote_for_the_president.(用過去分詞短語作狀語)6．a(chǎn)dvocatevt.主張，提倡n.提倡者，擁護者[教材原句]Expertsadvocatethateachpersonplaytheirpart.專家們主張每一個人都要發(fā)揮自己的作用。(1)advocate(doing)sth. 提倡/擁護/支持(做)某事advocatethat... 主張……[從句謂語動詞用(should＋)動詞原形](2)anadvocateof/for ……的提倡者/擁護者[題點全練]單句語法填空①Headvocatedthatthechildren(should)_take(take)anactivepartinsportsgames.②Manyexpertsadvocatedrewarding(reward)thechildrenforgoodbehavior.③Shehasalwaysbeenanadvocateof/forchangestoEnglishspelling,tomakeiteasiertolearn.7．a(chǎn)doptvt.采用，采納；收養(yǎng)[高考佳句]Inrecentyears,however,younguppermiddle-classpeopleinLondon,havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents,inordertohidetheirclassorigins.(2015·廣東高考閱讀D)但是，在最近幾年，倫敦中上階層的年輕人為了掩蓋他們的階級出身，開始采用地方方言。(1)adoptapolicy/habit 采用某項政策/某種習慣adoptone'ssuggestion/plan/idea 采納某人的建議/計劃/想法adoptamethod/measures 采用某種方法/采取措施adoptanorphan 收養(yǎng)孤兒(2)adoptedadj. 收養(yǎng)的(3)adoptionn. 收養(yǎng)；采納[題點全練]單句語法填空/完成句子①It'ssaidthathisadopted(adopt)sonwentabroadlastweek.②Wearguedherintotheadoption(adopt)oftheplan.③Aftermuchconsideration,wealldecidedtoadopt_my_deskmate's_suggestion(采納我同桌的建議)．[名師指津]adopt與adapt兩詞詞形相近，但意思不同，adapt意為“適應(yīng)；改編，改寫”。④Theyoungcouplehadnochildrenoftheirownandadoptedanorphan.Afterafewmonths,thechildcametoadapttohisnewlife.這對年輕夫婦沒有親生孩子，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了一名孤兒。幾個月后，這個孩子適應(yīng)了新生活。8．meansn．方式，方法；手段[經(jīng)典例句]Thetelephoneisameansofmunication.是一種交流工具。meansof(doing)sth. (做)某事的方法、途徑bymeansof 借助……的手段byallmeans 可以，當然行；務(wù)必，一定bynomeans 決不(置于句首，句子倒裝)bythismeans 用這種方法[多角練透]選詞填空(bymeansof;byallmeans;bynomeans;bythismeans)①By_no_means_canteachinginschoolbeseparatedfrompractice.②Wewillby_all_meansachieveourgoalsaslongaswesticktothemandworkhard.③By_means_oftheInternet,wecankeepintouchbysendingemails.④Onlyby_this_meanscanyousolvetheproblem.一句多譯各種可能的辦法都嘗試了，但沒有一種奏效。⑤Every_possible_means_has_been_tried,_butnoneworked.(means為單數(shù)名詞)⑥All_possible_means_have_been_tried,_butnoneworked.(means為復(fù)數(shù)名詞)9．coincidencen．巧合；同時發(fā)生；一致，相符[經(jīng)典例句]Bycoincidence,Imetthepersonwe'dbeendiscussingthenextday.真是巧了，我在第二天遇見了我們一直在談?wù)摰哪莻€人。(1)bycoincidence 碰巧，巧合的是Itis/wasacoincidencethat... ……是巧合的Whatacoincidence! 真巧！(2)coincidentadj. 巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的[多角練透]單句語法填空①Bycoincidence,wearrivedhereatthesametime.②Theriseofthenovelwascoincident(coincidence)withthedeclineofstorytelling.完成句子③What_a_coincidence!Iwasn'texpectingtoseeyouhere.太巧了！我沒料到會在這里見到你。一句多譯當他受傷時，碰巧有輛救護車經(jīng)過。④It_was_a_coincidence_that_anambulancewaspassingbywhenhegotinjured.⑤By_coincidence,_anambulancewaspassingbywhenhegotinjured.10．considerateadj.體貼的，考慮周到的[經(jīng)典例句]Sheisalwayspoliteandconsideratetowardsheremployees.她對待雇員總是客客氣氣、關(guān)心體諒。(1)considerationn． 考慮；體諒，關(guān)心，體貼underconsideration 在考慮中take...intoconsideration 把……考慮在內(nèi)；考慮……(2)considerableadj. 相當大的；相當多的(3)consideringprep. 考慮到(4)considerv. 考慮；認為considersb./sth.tobe/as... 認為……是……；把……看作……considerdoingsth. 考慮做某事[多角練透]單句語法填空①Consideringwhatshehasdoneforus,weconsiderhertobeaveryconsiderateperson.(consider)②Women'sDayisaroundthecorner,andI'mconsideringbuying(buy)agiftforMum,onethatistohertaste.③China'snew“BeltandRoad”strategyhasconsiderable(consider)potentialtocreatepositivebenefits.④Everythingtakenintoconsideration(consider),theybelievedthemselvesmorequalifiedforthejob.⑤Theplanheputforwardatthemeetingisunderconsiderationnowandtheresultwillbeputupsoon.句式升級Hetookalltheaspectsintoconsiderationanddesignedagoodpattern.⑥Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration,_he_designed_a_good_pattern.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)⑦All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration,_he_designed_a_good_pattern.(獨立主格)11．sacrificev．&n．犧牲，獻出[高考佳句]ButIwillneverforgetwhattheexperiencehasreallytaughtme.Sacrificespayoffintheend.(2014·天津高考)但我永遠不會忘記這次經(jīng)歷真正教會我的東西，犧牲最終會得到回報。(1)sacrifice...for... 為……而犧牲……； 犧牲……而換得……sacrifice...todosth. 為做某事而犧牲……(2)makesacrifices/asacrifice 做出犧牲[多角練透]單句語法填空①LastsummerIsacrificedmyholidayto_help(help)theold.②Heisalwaysreadytosacrificehispersonalinterestforthegroupbenefit.完成句子③Shemade_many_sacrifices_togethersonagoodeducation.為了讓兒子接受好的教育，她做出了很多犧牲。④Hesacrificed_a_promising_career_to_look_afterhiskids.他為了照顧孩子犧牲了很有前途的事業(yè)。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Itisadvisabletokeepsomefoodinreserveincaseofemergency.2．Thescientistsarestudyingtodevelopasubstitute_for_thiskindofmedicine.3．Davidthreatenedto_report(report)hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.4．Weadvocatesolving(solve)theUkraineissuebynegotiations.5．Thebravesoldiersweredeterminedtosaveallthepeopletrapped(trap)intheflood.6．Moststudentswantthatknowledgetoberelevanttotheirfuturecareers.7．Considering(consider)yoursalary,youshouldputasideatleast100dollarsaweek.8．Whatanamazingcoincidence(coincident)!IwasthinkingaboutmycousinLilywhenshephonedme.9．Oursoldiersarewillingtosacrificetheirlivesto_defend(defend)ourcountry.10．Itisreportedthatthenewairportisstillunderconstruction(construct)．11．TheSmithsonlyhaveanadopted(adopt)child.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Theysacrificedtheirlivesintherevolutionarycause.in→for2．Whatcoincidence！Wehappenedtobetravellingonthesametrain.What后加a3．Theyadvocatedthateveryonedonatedsomemoneytotheearthquake-strickenarea.donated→donate4．Everymeansaremeaninglessifyoudon'ttryyourbesttosolvetheproblem.are→is5．Thoughseatsinthelibraryaretight,myfriendTomhasreservedonetome.to→for6．Thepoliceseizedthethiefbyarm.by后加theⅢ.翻譯句子1．我要給飯店打個預(yù)訂以免沒有桌位。(makeareservation)I_will_call_the_restaurant_and_make_a_reservation_in_case_there's_none_left.2．如果他當時沒有抓住機會從燃燒的大樓里逃出來的話，他很可能就喪生了。(seize，虛擬語氣)If_he_hadn't_seized_the_chance_of_escaping_from_the_burning_building,_he_might_have_lost_his_life.3．你支持禁止汽車在市中心通行這一主張嗎？(advocatedoingsth.)Do_you_advocate_banning_cars_in_the_city_centre?4．你的老師在給你考試評分時會考慮到你最近生病這一情況的。(take...intoconsideration)Your_teachers_will_take_your_recent_illness_into_consideration_when_marking_your_exams.5．我們絕不能以犧牲環(huán)境作為代價來發(fā)展經(jīng)濟。(bynomeans,atthecostof)By_no_means_can_we_develop_economy_at_the_cost_of_the_environment.二、過短語、句式——eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)通學(xué)活靚人一眼)1．referto涉及，提及；談到；參考；查閱[經(jīng)典例句]Powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople.權(quán)力是指一個人對其他人的控制程度。[練牢基點]寫出下列句中referto的含義①Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomewords,youcanrefertothedictionary.查閱②Yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.參考③Wehavereachedanagreementthatwewillnotrefertothematteragain.提及[系統(tǒng)考點](1)referto...as... 把……稱作……refer...to... 把……提交給……(以求獲得幫助)(2)referencen. 提及；參考；查閱in/withreferenceto 關(guān)于[練通重點]單句語法填空④Johnsonreferredtothediscoveryasamajorbreakthroughinmedicalscienceyesterday.⑤Thegirlalwaysreferstothereferencebooksashergoodfriendsandhelpers.(refer)完成句子⑥Ihavenothingtosaywith/in_reference_tothatincident.關(guān)于那次事件，我無可奉告。⑦Youmayrefer_the_matter_to_himifnecessary.必要的話你可以把這件事委托給他。2．leadto引起，導(dǎo)致，造成(后果)；通向[教材原句]GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat,inturn,leadstoclimatechange.地球變暖指的是地球平均溫度升高，繼而導(dǎo)致氣候變化。leadsb.to... 引導(dǎo)某人去……；帶領(lǐng)某人通往……leadsb.todosth. 使得某人做某事leada...life 過……生活leadtheway 領(lǐng)路[多角練透]單句語法填空①Asweallknow,successliesinhardworkwhilelazinessleadstofailure.②Iwanttoknowwhatledyouto_take(take)upactingasacareer.完成句子③Thereceptionistled_the_waytotheboardroom.接待員領(lǐng)路來到董事會會議室。④Onlyinpeacefulcountriescanthepeoplelead_a_happy_life.只有在和平的國家，人民才能過上幸福的生活。3．a(chǎn)partfrom除……之外(都)；除……之外(尚有)[教材原句]Apartfromthefewfoundinzoos,pandasliveonlyinthecentralbambooforestsofmainlandChina.除了少數(shù)幾只在動物園里可以看到的大熊貓之外，它們只生活在中國內(nèi)地的中心竹園里。take...apart 將……拆開/拆分tell...apart 分辨出……fallapart 破裂；斷裂；散開setsb.apart 使某人與眾不同[題點全練]完成句子①Apart_from_the_price,_wealsoneedtothinkaboutwhereitissituatedwhenbuyingahouse.買房子時，除了價格外，我們還要考慮房子的位置。②Pleasetake_the_radio_aparttoseewhat'swrongwithit.請拆開收音機看看出了什么毛病。③Youcantell_my_twin_brother_and_me_apartbythismarkonmyface.你可以從我臉上的疤痕分辨出我和我的孿生兄弟。④Hehadadeepvoice,whichset_him_apart_from_othersinoursmalltown.他那深沉的聲音把他和我們小鎮(zhèn)上的其他人區(qū)別開來。⑤Thedealfell_apartwhenwefailedtoagreeontheprice.我們在價格上未能達成一致意見，生意吹了。4．擬人修辭手法The_last_few_years_have_seenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetoe.近幾年一些環(huán)境災(zāi)難大規(guī)模地出現(xiàn)，專家們預(yù)測更壞的局面即將來臨。(1)see意為“見證，目睹，經(jīng)歷”時，常以表示時代、年代、世紀或地點的名詞作主語，表示某時或某地“目睹、發(fā)生、經(jīng)歷”了某事。(2)與see用法相同的動詞有find,witness,say,experience等，這些詞在句中作謂語，用物作主語時，表示一種擬人的手法，以增添語言色彩，使表達更形象。①Thelast30yearshave_witnessed/seentherapiddevelopmentofChina.過去的30年見證了中國的快速發(fā)展。②TheNationalDayofthisyearwitnessed/sawsomanytrafficjamsontheexpressway.今年的國慶節(jié)見證了高速公路上大量的擁堵事件。5．given的用法Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅只是巧合而已。(1)given為介詞，意為“考慮到，鑒于”，表示原因，后可接that從句，that可省略；還可以表示假設(shè)，意為“倘若，假定”。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句用法相似的表達還有：①considering(that)... 考慮到，鑒于②seeing(that)... 既然，鑒于③provided/providing(that)... 假定……④assuming(that)... 假設(shè)，如果⑤suppose/supposing(that)... 假如，如果①Given(give)thathewasstillaboy,Iforgavehim.考慮到他還是個孩子，我就原諒他了。②Provided/Providing(provide)thatyoufinishyourwork,youmaygo.假如你完成了自己的工作，你就可以走了。③Considering(consider)thestrengthoftheopposition,wedidverywelltoscoretwogoals.考慮到對方的實力，我們能進兩個球就很不錯了。④Supposing/Suppose(suppose)thatyouwerefailingintheingexam,whatshouldyoudo?萬一你在即將來臨的考試中失敗，你該怎么辦？Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Ifyoudrivethiscarwithoutalicence,you'llhavetoanswerfortheconsequences.2．Hisillnessledtohisnot_being(notbe)abletoattendthemeeting.3．Apartfromgoodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.4．Given(give)thatthereisnotrafficdelay,Iwillbehereontime.5．WhenIamfacedwithadifficulty,IusuallychoosetorefertorelevantlearningmaterialsorWebpages.6．Thosepoliciesresultedingreaterinstabilityintheregion.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief'sbecaught.be→being2．Givingthatthey'reinexperienced,they'vedoneagoodjob.Giving→Given3．Thenumberofsmokers,asreported,havedroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.have→has4．ThemanreferringtobyusjustnowisfromAmerica._referring→referred5．Apartwithsomeoldbooks,wealsopreparedalotofclothesandpresentsforthechildren._with→fromⅢ.翻譯句子1．考慮到你生病了，我們最好推遲會議。(giventhat...)Given_that_you_are_sick,_we'd_better_put_off_the_meeting.2．要是沒有你的幫助，我們是不會成功的。(含蓄虛擬語氣)But_for/Without_your_help,_we_couldn't_have_succeeded.3．他們代表校長歡迎我們。(onbehalfof)They_gave_us_a_wele_on_behalf_of_headmaster.4．自從改革開放以來，我們的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。(擬人修辭手法)Our_hometown_has_seen/witnessed_great_changes_since_the_reform_and_opening_policies_started.5．所有的工作都完成了之后，他們才匆忙地趕回家吃午飯。(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))With_all_the_work_finished,_they_hurried_back_home_for_lunch.三、過語法、寫作——eq\a\vs4\al(寫對寫美高人一籌)(一)單元小語法——轉(zhuǎn)述結(jié)構(gòu)；被動語態(tài)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theofficernearbyorderedthevillagersneverto_go(go)thereagain.2．Moreefforts,asreported,will_be_made(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupplysidestructurereform.3．Hernewalbumsells(sell)wellandsherisestofameovernight.4．Theairportto_be_pleted_(plete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.5．Thelittleboyadmittedbreaking(break)thewindowintheclassroomyesterday.6．Thebuildingbeing_built_(build)nowisourteachingbuilding.7．Thelittletreesrequire_watering/to_be_watered(water)everyday.8．Ourteacherforbadeusto_use_(use)ourdictionariesduringthetest.9．ThemomentIgothome,mywifeaskedmewhether/if_Ihadbeentothehospital.10．Hetoldmethatyouhad_stolen(steal)hismoney.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Havingtoldmanytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit._Having后加been2．Shesaidthatherfatherwastwenty-eightyearsolderthanher.was→is3．HeaskedIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.I前加whether/if4．HerlatestbookissaidtohavetranslatedintoChinese.have_后加been5．GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasincetheopeningtooutsideworld.去掉beenⅢ.完成句子1．Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeif/whether_he_was_being_followed.他匆匆忙忙往家趕，再也沒有回頭看他是否被跟蹤。2．Having_been_told_many_times,_hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.被告訴過好多次了，他仍然重復(fù)犯同樣的錯誤。3．Thedoctoradvises_us_to_go_outforawalkaftersupper.醫(yī)生建議我們晚飯后去散步。4．Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswill_be_rewarded_with_success_in_the_end.學(xué)生們一直刻苦學(xué)習功課，他們的努力將會最終獲得成功的回報。5．Theschoolto_be_bulitnextmonthisintendedfordisabledchildren.下個月要建的學(xué)校是專為殘疾兒童建的。(二)課堂微寫作練擴寫——讓意蘊更豐滿[題目要求]假如你是李華，你的英國筆友Bill來信詢問你家鄉(xiāng)霧霾天氣的情況。根據(jù)下面的短文，將其擴寫成100詞左右的作文。[擴寫提示]DearBill，I'mgladtoreceiveyourletter.NowI'dliketotellyousomethingaboutthesmog.Smoghasoftenoccurredinourcityinthelastfewyears.Ithasbroughtinconvenienceanddonegreatharmtous.Peoplehaverealizedtheharmandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Nowadayswearetakingmeasurestoreducethesmogweather.Yours，LiHua[答案示例]DearBill，I'mgladtoreceiveyourletter.Thankyouforyourcaringfortheweathe