福建省泉州市培元中學(xué)2024屆高三下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)合考試英語試卷

學(xué)校：___________姓名：班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：

一'閱讀理解

DonotmissthisuniqueopportunitytoparticipateinCircleU.'swintercourseat

Humboldt-UniversitatzuBerlinwithco-studentsfromnineuniversitiesacrossEurope!

KeyInformation

?Dates:24-28Novemberplusfiveadditionalonlinesessions

?Level/targetgroup:Studentsfromallfieldsofstudy

?Costs:Schoolfeesarefreeofcharge.Participantswillreceivesupportfortheirtravel,

accommodationandlivingcosts.

?Applicationdeadline:28November,2023

HowtoApply

ApplicationsareacceptedthroughtheMoveOnwebsite.Alongwiththeapplicationform,

pleasesubmityourCVandmotivationletter,yourtranscriptofrecordsaswellasproofof

enrollment（注冊(cè)）atoneoftheCircleU.universities.

*By2October,allapplicantswillbeinformedbyemailabouttheresultsoftheselection

procedure.

CourseDescription

Nomatterwhetheryoustudyarthistory,agriculturalsciences,orsomethingelse

altogether,thewinterschool“ClimateChangePolicy:HowtoTransitiontoaPost-

CarbonFuture"isforyou.Overthecourseoftwoweeks一fivedaysofonlinesessionsand

fiveinperson-youwilltakepartininteractivelectures,workshops,andpaneldiscussions,

allledbyfamousresearchersandpolicyexpertsfromacrossEurope.

?TogetherwithCircleU.students,youwillnotonlylearnaboutbasicconceptsof

climatescience,butalsodiscoverthepotentialofmitigation（緩解）actions,aswellasthe

dynamicsofclimatepolitics.

?Insmallteams,youwillanalyzeanddocumentexamplesoftheclimateimpactonyour

homeregion,andresearchsustainabilitypoliciesatyouruniversity.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutthewintercourse?

A.Itwilllastmorethantwoweeks.B.Noschoolfeesarerequiredforit.

C.Nolimitationissetonapplication.D.It'sopentostudentsofcertainmajors.

2.Whichofthefollowingshouldbecontainedintheapplicationmaterials?

A.Certificateofenrollment.B.Aself-introductionletter.

C.Recordsofpreviousactivities.D.Schoolpermissiondocuments.

3.Whatcanparticipantsacquirethroughthecourse?

A.Knowledgeaboutclimatetrend.

B.Recognitionofrelatedcoursecredit.

C.Insightsintobasicsofclimatescience.

D.Waysofrespondingtoclimatepolicies.

InthedaysbeforetheInternet,criticalthinkingwasthemostimportantskillofinformed

citizens.Butinthedigitalage,accordingtoAnastasiaKozyreva,apsychologistattheMax

PlanckInstituteofHumanDevelopment,andhercolleagues,anevenmoreimportantskillis

criticalignoring.

Astheresearcherspointout,weliveinanattentioneconomywherecontentproducers

ontheInternetcompeteforourattention.Theyattractuswithalotofemotionalandeye-

catchingstorieswhileprovidinglittleusefulinformation,sotheycanexposeustoprofit-

generatingadvertisements.Therefore,wearenolongercustomersbutproducts,andeachlink

weclickisasaleofourtimeandattention.Toprotectourselvesfromthis,Kozyreva

advocatesforlearningtheskillofcriticalignoring,inwhichreadersintentionallycontrol

theirinformationenvironmenttoreduceexposuretofalseandlow-qualityinformation.

AccordingtoKozyreva,criticalignoringcomprisesthreestrategies.Thefirstistodesign

ourenvironments,whichinvolvestheremovaloflow-qualityyethard-to-resistinformation

fromaround.Successfuldietersneedtokeepunhealthyfoodoutoftheirhomes.Likewise,

weneedtosetupadigitalenvironmentwhereattention-grabbingitemsarekeptoutofsight.

Aswithdieting,ifonetriestobankonwillpowernottoclickeye-catching“news,"he'll

surelyfail.So,ifsbettertojustkeepthemoutofsighttobeginwith.

Thenextistoevaluatethereliabilityofinformation,whosepurposeistoprotectyou

fromfalseandmisleadinginformation.Itcanberealizedbycheckingthesourceinthe

mainstreamnewsagencieswhichhavetheirreputationsforbeingtrustworthy.

Thelastgoesbythephrase“donotfeedthetrolls."Trollsareactorswhointentionally

spreadfalseandhurtfulinformationonlinetocauseharm.Itmaybeappealingtorespondto

themtosetthefactsstraight,buttrollsjustcareaboutannoyingothersratherthanfacts.So,

it'sbestnottorewardtheirbadbehaviourwithourattention.

Bysharpeningourcriticalignoringskillsintheseways,wecanmakethemostofthe

Internetwhileavoidingfallingvictimtothosewhotrytocontrolourattention,time,and

minds.

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheattentioneconomyfromparagraph2?

A.Itofferslittleinformation.B.Itfeaturesdepressingstories.

C.ItsavestimeforInternetusers.D.Itseeksprofitsfromeachclick.

5.Whydoestheauthormentiondietersinparagraph3?

A.Todiscussthequalityofinformation.

B.Toprovethebenefitsofhealthyfood.

C.Toshowtheimportanceofenvironments.

D.Toexplaintheeffectivenessofwillpower.

6.WhatshouldwedotohandleInternettrollsaccordingtothetext?

A.Revealtheirintention.B.Turnadeafeartothem.

C.Correcttheirbehaviour.D.Sendhardfactstothem.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Reasonsforcriticalthinkingintheattentioneconomy.

B.Practisingtheskillofcriticalignoringinthedigitalage.

C.MaximizingthebenefitsofcriticalignoringontheInternet.

D.StrategiesofabandoningcriticalthinkingforInternetusers.

Now,anewtrialfindsantiviralmedications,whengivensoonafterachildisdiagnosed

withtype1diabetes（糖尿?。?，mighthelppreservethosevitalbeta（P）cells.

Antiviraldrugscouldbe"usedalone,oraspartofcombinationtreatment,torescue

insulin（胰島素）一producingbetacellsatdiagnosisoftype1diabetes,"saidateamthat

presentedtheirfindingsattheannualmeetingoftheEuropeanAssociationfortheStudyof

Diabetes,inHamburg.So-calledbetacellsinthepancreas（胰腺）cangenerateinsulin.Butin

somecases,anuncontrolledauto-immuneresponsecausesthebodytoattackitsownbeta

cells,ruiningachild'scapacitytoproduceinsulinandcausetype1diabetes.Sopeoplewith

type1diabetesrelyoninsulininjectionstomaintainhealthybloodsugarlevelstherestof

theirlives.

Theresearchershavebeeninvestigatingtherootcausesoftheautoimmune

“malfimction“behindbetacelldestructionforyears,andtheydiscoveredthatlow-grade

infectionswithcommongermsoftenoccurinthepancreaticcellsofpeoplenewlydiagnosed

withtype1diabetes.Sowhatifthesepeopleweregivenantivirals一inthiscase,pleconaril

andribavirin一toridthepancreasoftheseinfections?

Thenewtrial,ledbyDr.Mynarek,soughttoanswerthatquestion.Theteamfollowed96

childrenaged6to15whowerealldiagnosedwithtype1diabetesinthestudy.Thechildren

wererandomlyselectedtoreceiveeitherthetwoantiviralmedicinesoraplacebo（無效對(duì)照

齊Ll）forsixmonths.Mynarek^grouptrackedC-peptideslevelsintheblood,which“mirror

theinsulinproductioninthepancreas,"implyingthatthehigherachild'sC-peptidelevelson

tests,thebettertheirpancreaswasproducinginsulin.Accordingtotheirfindings,whileC-

peptidelevelsdroppedafull24%inchildrenwhoreceivedtheplacebo,itfellbyjust11%in

thosewhogottheantivirals.Thatsuggeststhetreatmenthelpedprotectthechild'spancreatic

betacellsfromdestruction.

Theresearchersconcludedthat"furtherstudiesshouldbedonetoevaluatewhether

antiviraltreatmentcoulddelaytheprogressionofbeta-celldamageleadingtoclinicaltype1

diabetes."

8.Whafsthefunctionofbetacells?

A.Toattacktheviruses.B.Toproduceinsulin.

C.Tocausediabetes.D.Toabsorbdrugs.

9.Howdoesthenewdrugworkfbrdiabetes?

A.Tokillthegermsinfectingourpancreas.

B.Toinjectinsulintoourbody.

C.Tohelpcreatemorebetacells.

D.Topreventcommongermsfromattacks.

10.WhatdoesthetrialfindaccordingtoMynarek'sgroup?

A.Therewasnoobviousdifferencebetweenthetwogroups.

B.ThekidsgivenaplaceboshowahigherC-peptidelevelsthanothers.

C.Thekidsgivenantiviralmedicinesproducemoreinsulinthanothers.

D.Thekidstakingaplaceboproducemoreinsulinthanothers.

11.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.Therootcauseofdiabeteshasbeenfound

B.Betacellscouldbepreservedbyinsulin

C.Autoimmuneresponsecouldcausebodydiabetes

D.AntiviralmedicinescouldhelpeaseType1diabetes

Thestreets,sidewalksandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheatduringtheday,makingsome

urbanareasacrosstheUnitedStatesupto6degreesFahrenheithotterthanruralonesduring

theday——and22degreesFhotteratnight.These“urbanheatislands“canalsodevelop

undergroundasthecityheatspreadsdownward,beneaththesurface.Andbasements,subway

tunnelsandotherundergroundinfrastructurealsoconstantlybleedheatintothesurrounding

earth,creatinghotspots.Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.

AccordingtoanewstudyofdowntownChicago,undergroundhotspotsmaythreatenthe

verysamestructuresthatemittheheatinthefirstplace.Suchtemperaturechangesmakethe

groundaroundthemexpandandcontract（收縮）enoughtocausepotentialdamage."Without

anyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago9sdowntownwasdeforming,“saysthestudy'sauthor

AlessandroF.RottaLoria,acivilandenvironmentalengineeratNorthwesternUniversity.

Thefindings,publishedinCommunicationsEngineering,exposea“silenthazard（危險(xiǎn)）”

tocivilinfrastructureincitieswithsofterground一especiallythosenearwater一Rotta

Loriasays."Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimate

changethathappened,andwedidn'tevenrealize/9headds.Whilenotanimmediateordirect

dangertohumanlives,thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-

knowncomponentofclimatechange.

Similartoclimatechangeabovethesurface,theseundergroundchangesoccuroverlong

periodsoftime."Theseeffectstookdecades,acentury,todevelop,“RottaLoriasays,adding

thatelevatedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipate（逐漸消

失）ontheirown.

Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsobe

recycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.

Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwithtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.For

example,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthroughundergroundhotspotsandpickup

someoftheheatenergy.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“urbanheatislands99?

A.Theycandevelopundergroundstructures.

B.Theyareimpactedbyglobalwarming.

C.Theycandestroythegroundaround.

D.TheyonlyexistintheUnitedStates.

13.WhydoesAlessandroF.RottaLoriamention“silenthazard"inparagraph3?

A.Todiscussstructuralissues.B.Tocategorizeclimatechange.

C.Toexplainundergroundheat.D.Toemphasizetheneglectedreality.

14.Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.Thefutureoftunnelsandbasements.

B.Thereusingapproachesofheatenergy.

C.Thecostofmaintainingstructures.

D.Theevolutionofundergroundenvironment.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WarmingUnderground,WeakeningSurface

B.ASilverLiningofGlobalWarming

C.UrbanSilentIslandsintheMaking

D.ASilentCrisisinDowntownChicago

二、七選五

16.Theteenageyearsareprobablythemostunsettledandstressfulyearsinaperson's

life.Teensexperiencesignificantphysical,emotional,socialandcognitivechanges.And

teensoftodayfacemorechallengesastheygothroughmoreuncertaintimesofthe21st

century.①

Asteensexperiencemassivephysical,socialandemotionalchanges,thechallengesare

managingsocialexpectationsofidealbodyimages,developingtheiridentityandfinding

theirplaceintheworld.Inthepast,ateenwhowascriticizedforhisorherlargerfigureor

pimpled(有粉刺的)face,mightfeelembarrassedanddejectedinschool.②Constant

comparisonandendlesspostsofpicture-perfectimagesandlivesgiveteensgreater

pressuretofollowcurrentfashiontrends.TheWallStreetJournalreportedthatInstagram

madebodyimagesworseforoneinthreeteenagegirls.

(3)Statisticsshowthatmostcasesofcyberbullyingtakeplaceonpopularsocial

mediasitessuchasFacebook,Instagram,SnapchatsandTwitter,wherecyberbulliesmake

emotionallyscarringcomments.Thesecanbemadepubliclyonateen'ssocialmediaaccount.

(4)Asaresult,cyberbullyingcanbemorethreateningthantraditionalbullying

becauseitcanbesharedandviewedrepeatedlyonsocialmedia.Inthisageofsocialmedia,it

isalsoimportantforteenstolearntocultivatepositive,andhealthyrelationshipswithpeople.

Therehavebeenmanydiscussionsaboutnewtechnologiesandwaysofworking,suchas

artificialintelligence(AI)andautomation,whichwillimpactfuturejobs.⑤.Unlike

inthepast,thesituationisdifferenttodayasAIandautomationarecausingsomejobsto

disappear.Teenswillhavetomeetthischallengebyadoptinganattitudeoflifelonglearning,

andkeepingpaceswithtechnology.

A.Theycanalsobespreadquicklybysharingwithothers.

B.Furthermore,socialmediahastakenbullyingtoanewlevel.

C.Thefuturehasalwaysbeenadreamlandforteenstoanticipate.

D.Today,thesesamesufferingscanbeexpandedbysocialmedia.

E.Socialmedia,andtechnologicaladvancesareposingnewchallenges.

F.Additionally,socialmediaisastrongtoolforateentodefendhimself.

G.Thechallengeforateentodayispreparingforalargelyunknownfuture.

三、完形填空（15空）

TheSierraNevadarangeisincomparableinscaleandmagnificence.There'snobetter

waytoseeitthantoappreciateeveryspectacularviewwithyourownhard1My

husband,Will,ourkids（Herbie,5andArtley,11）andIplannedto2thenorthernhalfof

theJohnMuirtrailintwoweeks,which3alongthebackboneoftheHighSierra,past

lakes,andthroughdustypineforests.

Weset4beforewestarted:thiswouldbetough,butworthit.Togetourkidsmore

5,weletthemhavethemapanddecidewhentostopandrest.Inthisway,theyfelt

empowered.This6alsoresultedinHerbienearlystandingona4-footsnakeonourfirst

day,though.7,itwasearlymorningandthesnakewashalfasleep.

Fortwoweeks,theboysenjoyedthe8.Theybuiltdamsandbridgesacrossstreams,

climbedandswam.Sometimes,theyrefusedtocarrytheirpacksand9aboutfeethurting.

Butthesemomentswerefaroutweighedbyextraordinaryburstsof10andenthusiasm

——particularlywhenwe'dbeenslogging冊(cè)艮難前行）uphillforhoursandamountaintop

finallycameintoview,ourkidsevendecidedweneededto11

Bythetimewefinished,wehad12countlessmosquitoes,sufferedfootpainand

hadterriblesleep.Butwewererighttobe13aboutourkids9abilities.Throughthe

14,theywill,Ihope,understandwhattheyaretrulycapableof,howperseveranceleadsto

bigger15lateron,andwhatitfeelsliketobeencouragedandsupportedsothattheycan

achievesomethinggreat.

17.A.drivingB.ridingC.runningD.walking

18.A.assessB.coverC.surveyD.measure

19.A.fliesB.returnsC.snakesD.disappears

20.A.choicesB.chancesC.situationsD.expectations

21.A.involvedB.encouragedC.relievedD.convinced

22.A.conclusionB.strategyC.attitudeD.belief

23.A.LuckilyB.StrangelyC.CasuallyD.Cheerfully

24.A.competitionB.taskC.journeyD.cooperation

25.A.botheredB.inquiredC.complainedD.forgot

26.A.energyB.laughterC.trustD.interest

27.A.drawoffB.takeoverC.helpoutD.pushon

28.A.caughtB.borneC.observedD.smoked

29.A.confidentB.anxiousC.seriousD.disappointed

30.A.trainingB.accidentC.adventureD.experiment

31.A.challengesB.rewardsC.honorsD.responsibilities

四、短文填空

32.Forcenturies,globalizationwaslargelyshapedbythesea.WhileWesternnations

rapidlydevelopedthroughcolonialexpansion(殖民擴(kuò)張)，landlockednationsweretrapped

①___acycleofpoverty

Overthepastdecade,atransformativeinitiative②(launch)tobreakthiscycleand

isrecoveringtheeconomiesofinlandcountries-theBeltandRoadInitiative("一帶一路

(3)wasestablishedin2013.ThisnetworkhasbroughttogethertheeconomiesofEast

AsiaanddevelopedEuropewiththevasthinterlandcountries,(4)(result)inincreased

economicandtradeexchanges,thegrowthofboomingcities,andtheemergenceofanew

centerofglobaleconomicgrowth.

Bytacklinginfrastructuredifferencesindevelopingcountries,⑤___initiativeishelping

breakobstaclesthathavelonglimitedtheirdevelopment.TheChina-LaosRailwayrealizes?

theLaopeoplelongdreamedof-transformingtheircountryfromalandlockedoneintoa

land-linkedcenter.Ithasalsofacilitatedthe⑦_(dá)__(adopt)ofcleanenergyinAfrica,helping

itavoidthepollution(8)___(associate)withWesternindustrialization.

TheBeltandRoadInitiativehasattractedtheparticipationofmorethanthree-quartersof

countries?___(global),substantiallyimprovingthelivesof30%oftheworld'spopulation.

ForChina,everythingthesecountriesgainfrom⑩___(it)helpisagainfortheworld.

五、書面表達(dá)

33.假定你是李華，你校的英語報(bào)正在征稿。請(qǐng)你結(jié)合以下名人名言，寫一篇題為

“MyUnderstandingofOptimism”的征文。

“Thepessimistseesdifficultyineveryopportunity;theoptimistseesopportunityinevery

difficult.^^

-WinstonChurchill

內(nèi)容包括：1.你對(duì)該名言的理解；

2.結(jié)合生活實(shí)例；

3.你對(duì)該名言的感悟。

注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80詞左右（名言不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）;

2.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

六、讀后續(xù)寫

34.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短

文。

Iwasabrokeuniversitystudent.Ishouldhavebeengoingtouniversityonascholarship

becauseIcamefromalow-incomefamily,butalast-minute￡100-a-yearpayriseformy

mumpushedmyfamilyoverthethreshold（門檻）forwhatdefined"low-income“andIwas

suddenlynolongerqualifiedfor￡15,000ayearinscholarshipmoney.Thisnewscameafter

rdbeenacceptedbytheuniversityandsignedthelease（租約）formyaccommodation.

Despitemyfamilynotbeinglabelledlow-incomeanymore,Istillwouldn'treceiveany

financialsupportfrommyfamilyasalltheincomewenttowardtakingcareofmydisabled

brotherandpayingtheirownbills.Itwouldbetight,butbecauseIhadsavingsfrommypart-

timejob,Idecidedtogotouniversityanyway.Afterpayingmyrent,Ihad￡10.20aweekfor

everythingelseincludingfood,toiletries,andschoolsupplies.

AsIwasinanewcity,Ireallywantedtomakefriends,whichwasdifficultwhenmostof

thesocialactivitieswereexpensive.Therefore,Ijumpedatthechancetodoarelatively

cheapcoffeeshoptripwithmyroommateswhowerepleasanttome.

Ihad￡20withmetogetacheapcupofcoffeeandmyfoodshoppingforafewweeks.

SoIheadedforthecoffeeshop.Whilepaying,Ipulledoutthenoteandahandfulofchange

andrealizedIcouldpaywithoutbreakingthenote,soIputitbackinmypocket.Itwasn't

untilIarrivedatthesupermarketthatIrealizedthenotewasgone.WhatshouldIdo?Iwas

desperateitwastheequivalent（相等物）oftwoweeksofmoney.Myroommateshelpedme

lookforthenote.However,itwasinvain.Finally,Iwenttoschoolempty-handed.

注意：

⑴續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150詞左右；

(2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Pl:Asafinalattempt,Imessagedthecoffeeshop'sFacebookpageaskingifthey'dseen

it.

P2:1said,“Oh,...Thisisn'tmine;mynotewasanoldwornone.”

參考答案

1.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KeyInformation中"?Costs:Schoolfeesarefreeofcharge.

Participantswillreceivesupportfortheirtravel,accommodationandlivingcosts.（?費(fèi)用:學(xué)

費(fèi)全免。參加者將獲得旅費(fèi)、住宿費(fèi)和生活費(fèi)的資助。）”可知，冬季課程不需要學(xué)

費(fèi)。故選B。

2.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HowtoApply中“Alongwiththeapplicationform,please

submityourCVandmotivationletter,yourtranscriptofrecordsaswellasproofof

enrollment（注冊(cè)）atoneoftheCircleU.universities.（在提交申請(qǐng)表的同時(shí)，請(qǐng)?zhí)峤荒?/p>

簡歷和動(dòng)機(jī)信，您的成績單以及CircleU大學(xué)之一的入學(xué)證明。）”可知，入學(xué)證明應(yīng)

該包含在申請(qǐng)材料中。故選A。

3.答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CourseDescription中"?TogetherwithCircleU.students,you

willnotonlylearnaboutbasicconceptsofclimatescience,butalsodiscoverthepotentialof

mitigation（緩解）actions,aswellasthedynamicsofclimatepolitics.（與CircleU的學(xué)生一

起，你不僅會(huì)學(xué)到氣候科學(xué)的基本概念，還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)減緩行動(dòng)的潛力，以及氣候政治的

動(dòng)態(tài)。）”可知，參與者通過課程獲得深入了解氣候科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。故選C。

4.答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Astheresearcherspointout,weliveinanattention

economywherecontentproducersontheInternetcompeteforourattention.Theyattractus

withalotofemotionalandeye-catchingstorieswhileprovidinglittleusefulinformation,so

theycanexposeustoprofit-generatingadvertisements.Therefore,wearenolonger

customersbutproducts,andeachlinkweclickisasaleofourtimeandattention.（正如研究

人員指出的那樣，我們生活在一個(gè)注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)中，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的內(nèi)容生產(chǎn)者在爭奪我們的

注意力。他們用大量的情感和引人注目的故事來吸引我們，而提供的有用信息卻很少,

所以他們可以讓我們接觸到盈利的廣告。因此，我們不再是客戶而是產(chǎn)品，我們點(diǎn)擊的

每一個(gè)鏈接都是在銷售我們的時(shí)間和注意力）”可知，在注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)中，可以讓我們接觸

到盈利的廣告,它從每次點(diǎn)擊中尋求利潤。故選D項(xiàng)。

5.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Successfuldietersneedtokeepunhealthyfoodoutof

theirhomes.Likewise,weneedtosetupadigitalenvironmentwhereattention-grabbing

itemsarekeptoutofsight.Aswithdieting,ifonetriestobankonwillpowernottoclickeye-

catching“news,“he511surelyfail.So,ifsbettertojustkeepthemoutofsighttobegin

with.（成功的節(jié)食者需要把不健康的食物遠(yuǎn)離他們的家。同樣，我們需要建立一個(gè)數(shù)字

環(huán)境，讓那些吸引眼球的東西遠(yuǎn)離我們的視線。就像節(jié)食一樣，如果一個(gè)人試圖依靠意

志力不去點(diǎn)擊引人注目的“新聞”，他肯定會(huì)失敗。所以，最好一開始就把它們藏起來）”

可推知，作者在第三段提到節(jié)食者，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們需要建立一個(gè)讓那些吸引眼球的東

西遠(yuǎn)離我們的視線數(shù)字環(huán)境,展示環(huán)境的重要性。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Trollsareactorswhointentionallyspreadfalseand

hurtfulinformationonlinetocauseharm.Itmaybeappealingtorespondtothemtosetthe

factsstraight,buttrollsjustcareaboutannoyingothersratherthanfacts.So,it'sbestnotto

rewardtheirbadbehaviourwithourattention^噴子是指故意在網(wǎng)上傳播虛假和有害信息

以造成傷害的行為者?；貜?fù)他們澄清事實(shí)可能很有吸引力，但噴子只關(guān)心惹惱別人，而

不是事實(shí)。所以，最好不要用我們的關(guān)注來獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們的壞行為）”可知，對(duì)付網(wǎng)絡(luò)噴子，我

們最好對(duì)他們充耳不聞。故選B項(xiàng)。

7.答案：B

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Butinthedigitalage,accordingtoAnastasiaKozyreva,a

psychologistattheMaxPlanckInstituteofHumanDevelopment,andhercolleagues,aneve

nmoreimportantskilliscriticalignoring.（但根據(jù)馬克斯?普朗克人類發(fā)展研究所的心理學(xué)

家阿納斯塔西婭?科茲列娃和她的同事們的說法，在數(shù)字時(shí)代，一項(xiàng)更重要的技能是批判

性忽視）”以及第三段“AccordingtoKozyreva,criticalignoringcomprisesthreestrategies.（K

ozyreva認(rèn)為，批判性忽視包括三種策略）”后文具體介紹這三種策略，所以本文主要講述

了在數(shù)字時(shí)代練習(xí)批判性忽視的技巧。故選B項(xiàng)。

8.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“So-calledbetacellsinthepancreas（胰腺）cangenerate

insulin.（胰腺中所謂的p細(xì)胞可以產(chǎn)生胰島素）”可知betacells的功能是產(chǎn)生胰島素。故

選B。

9.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Sowhatifthesepeopleweregivenantivirals-inthis

case,pleconarilandribavirin—toridthepancreasoftheseinfections?（那么，如果給這些

人服用抗病毒藥物一在這種情況下，是普萊納爾和利巴韋林一來清除胰腺的這些感染

呢？）”可知，新藥物是通過消除胰腺的感染來治療糖尿病的。故選A。

10.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段c肽水平和胰島素分泌能力的關(guān)系“Mynarek'sgroup

trackedC-peptideslevelsintheblood,which“mirrortheinsulinproductioninthepancreas,5,

implyingthatthehigherachild'sC-peptidelevelsontests,thebettertheirpancreaswas

producinginsulin.（Mynarek的研究小組追蹤了血液中的c肽水平，它“反映了胰腺中胰

島素的產(chǎn)生”，這意味著在測(cè)試中，孩子的c肽水平越高，他們的胰腺分泌胰島素的能

力就越強(qiáng)）”以及研究結(jié)果“Accordingtotheirfindings,whileC-peptidelevelsdroppedafull

24%inchildrenwhoreceivedtheplacebo,itfellbyjust11%inthosewhogottheantivirals.

Thatsuggeststhetreatmenthelpedprotectthechild'spancreaticbetacellsfromdestruction.

（根據(jù)他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，服用安慰劑的兒童c肽水平下降了整整24%,而服用抗病毒藥物的

兒童c肽水平只下降了H%）”可知，研究表明，服用抗病毒藥物的兒童c肽水平較

高，即他們可分泌更多的胰島素。故選C。

11.答案：D

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Now,anewtrialfindsantiviralmedications,whengiven

soonafterachildisdiagnosedwithtype1diabetes（糖尿?。琺ighthelppreservethosevital

beta（伊cells.（現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)新的試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在孩子被診斷為1型糖尿病后立即給予抗病

毒藥物，可能有助于保護(hù)那些至關(guān)重要的0細(xì)胞）”可知這篇文章是一項(xiàng)研究，研究表

明服用抗病毒藥物對(duì)診斷為1型糖尿病的兒童有幫助。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“Antiviral

medicinescouldhelpeaseType1diabetes（抗病毒藥物可以幫助緩解1型糖尿?。边m合作

本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。

12.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupas

theplanetwarms.（現(xiàn)在隨著地球變暖，地下熱量正在積聚）“可知，"城市熱島”是受到全

球氣候變暖的影響。故選B。

13.答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中AlessandroF.RottaLoria所說的“"Theremighthave

beenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwe

didiftevenrealize（發(fā)生的這種地下氣候變化可能已經(jīng)造成了建筑結(jié)構(gòu)上的問題，我們

甚至沒有意識(shí)到）”以及最后一句話"Whilenotanimmediateordirectdangertohumanlives,

thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-knowncomponentof

climatechange.（雖然這不是對(duì)人類生命的直接或直接威脅，但這種以前未知的影響突顯

了氣候變化中一個(gè)鮮為人知的組成部分的影響）”可推知，提出“無聲的危險(xiǎn)”是想強(qiáng)調(diào)

地下氣候變暖這一被人忽略的事實(shí)。故選D。

14.答案:B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsay

thiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthe

subsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwith

technologiestorecapturetheheat.Forexample,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthrough

undergroundhotspotsandpickupsomeoftheheatenergy.（但接受采訪的其他研究人員都

表示，這些浪費(fèi)的能源也可以回收利用，這為冷卻地下和節(jié)省能源成本提供了機(jī)會(huì)。

地鐵隧道和地下室可以更新技術(shù)以重新獲取熱量。例如，可以安裝水管穿過地下熱點(diǎn)

并吸收一些熱能）”可知，該段是介紹針對(duì)地下氣候變暖提出了潛在的解決方案，即可

以通過更新地鐵隧道和地下室的相關(guān)技術(shù)來回收利用熱能，并舉例了可通過安裝水管

這種方法來獲取熱能。由此推知，接下來應(yīng)該是介紹對(duì)這種熱能的再使用方法。故選

Bo

15.答案：A

解析：主旨大意題。通過歸納各段大意可知，本文是介紹地下氣候變暖對(duì)城市地面建

筑的負(fù)面影響的隱蔽性與長期性，以及介紹潛在的解決方案。由此可知，“地下變暖，

地表變?nèi)酢边m合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選A。

16.答案：EDBAG

解析：①根據(jù)上文“Teensexperiencesignificantphysical,emotional,socialandcognitive

changes.Andteensoftodayfacemorechallengesastheygothroughmoreuncertaintimesof

the21stcentury.（青少年經(jīng)歷了重大的身體、情感、社會(huì)和認(rèn)知變化。今天的青少年面

臨著更多的挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)樗麄兘?jīng)歷了21世紀(jì)更多的不確定時(shí)期）”及下文“Constant

comparisonandendless