八年級(jí)英語（下）Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧Phrases1.____atnight___在夜晚2.____inamorenaturalenvironment_在一個(gè)更加自然的環(huán)境中3.____alltheyearround一年到頭4.____befarfrom離……遠(yuǎn)5.____inthedark在黑暗中6.___inthepast在過去7.___goskating去滑冰8.____takethesubway坐地鐵9.____learnabout了解有關(guān)……的情況10.____atweekend在周末11.insucharapidway以如此迅猛的方式12.diffrerntkindsof各種各樣的13.thousandsof數(shù)以千計(jì)的14.threequarters四分之三15.anEnglish-speakingcountry一個(gè)講英語的國家16.atpresent現(xiàn)在；目前17.hearof聽說18.takearide兜風(fēng)19.ontheonehand，ontheotherhand一方面，另一方面1.—Haveyoueverbeentoahistorymuseum?你曾經(jīng)去過科學(xué)博物館嗎？—No,Ihaven’t.不，我沒去過。—Meneither.我也沒去過。 這里Meneither.是NeitherhaveI.的口語化?！癗either+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語.”表示主語的情況與上述否定句中所說內(nèi)容一樣,是省略句型,Meneither.是Me,too.的否定形式。neither用于否定句表示“也不”。?Heisnotadoctor.Meneither./NeitheramI.他不是醫(yī)生。我也不是。?—HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他從來沒有去過北京?！狹eneither./NeitherhaveI.我也沒去過。注意：Meneither.的上一句應(yīng)為否定句。Me,too.的上一句應(yīng)為肯定句?！局R(shí)拓展】（1）“So+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語I.”相當(dāng)于Me,too.。?TheyhavebeentoEngland.SohaveI.(Me,too.)他們?nèi)ミ^英國。我也去過。?HeisfromBeijing.SoamI.(Me,too.)他來自北京。我也來自北京。（2）neither也可用作形容詞，意為“兩者都不”，放在單數(shù)名詞前。?NeitherstudentisfromCanada.兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不是來自加拿大。（3）neither也可用作代詞，常與of連用，表示“兩者都不”。也可單獨(dú)用作賓語或主語。?Neitherofthemisverycleverbutbothstudyhard.他們兩個(gè)都不是很聰明，但學(xué)習(xí)都挺刻苦。①—Idon’tlikeshowersorwindyweather.—________. A.MetooB.MeneitherC.SoIdoD.NeitherIdo②ItriedtwobookshopsforthedictionaryIwanted，but______ofthemhadit. A.eitherB.both C.neitherD.none2.It’sreallyinteresting,isn’tit?那里真的很有趣，不是嗎？ 本句是反意疑問句,又叫附加疑問句,是在陳述句后對(duì)陳述的事實(shí)提出的疑問?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定陳述句+否定附加疑問 否定陳述句+肯定附加疑問 ?ShespeaksEnglishverywell,doesn’tshe?她英語講得很好,不是嗎? ?Hecanhardlystand,canhe?他幾乎站不了,是嗎?【知識(shí)拓展】（1）反意疑問句的回答：根據(jù)事實(shí)上的“是”或“否”回答,yes后面跟的一定是肯定句,no后面一定跟否定句。yes通常翻譯成“不是”,no通常翻譯成“是”?！狧eisyourteacher,isn’the?他是你的老師,不是嗎?—Yes,heis,不,他是。/No,heisn’t.是,他不是?！猋ouarenotengineers,areyou?你們不是工程師,對(duì)嗎?—Yes,weare.不,我們是。/No,wearen’t.是的,我們不是。（2）當(dāng)前面的陳述部分有表示否定意義的詞如few,little（少）,never,no等時(shí)，其后的附加疑問部分應(yīng)用肯定。Wehavelittlewater,dowe?我們幾乎沒有水了，對(duì)嗎？（）Theyhadagoodtimelastnight,_________? A.hadn’tthey B.haven’tthey C.didn’tthey D.weren’tthey3.Ilearnedabouttheinventionsthatledtocolormovies,too.我還了解了一些發(fā)明，它們成就了彩色電影。（1）這是一個(gè)含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。thatledtocolormovies是一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞inventions。其中that在定語從句中作主語，不能省略。?Thebagthatliesonthegroundishers.地上的那個(gè)包是她的。（2）learnabout意為“了解；獲知”，與learnof同義，后面接所獲知的具體內(nèi)容。 ?HereadsalottolearnaboutthehistoryofEurope.他大量閱讀來了解歐洲的歷史。（3）invention作“發(fā)明物”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。其動(dòng)詞形為invent，意為“發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造”。 ?CouldyoupleasetellusaboutthefourgreatinventionsofChina?你能告訴我們關(guān)于中國的四大發(fā)明嗎？ ?TheChineseinventedthecompass.中國人發(fā)明了指南針。（）—HaveyouheardofacoolwashingmachinecalledBicycleWashingMachine?—Yes,it’sanew________byagroupofChineseuniversitystudents. A.invention B.information C.instruction D.introduction4.Weputupatentandcookedoutside.我們搭起了一頂帳篷，并在野外做了飯。 putup表示“建造,搭起”。 ?Doyouknowhowtoputupatent?你知道怎么搭帳篷嗎? ?Iwanttoputupafencebetweenourpropertyandourneighbor’s.我要在我們和鄰居的房產(chǎn)之間修道籬笆?！局R(shí)拓展】（1）putup還表示“張貼(布告、公布等)”。接代詞作賓語時(shí),要把代詞放于put與up之間。We’dbetterputupanoticehere.我們最好在這兒貼一張通知。（2）put的相關(guān)短語：putaway收起來putoff推遲puton穿上putdown記下（）Toomuchmeatandsugarmaycauseyouto______weightveryeasily. A.putup B.putoffC.puton D.putdown5.Theyhaveinformationaboutdifferentcomputersandwhoinventedthem.那里有關(guān)于不同的計(jì)算機(jī)及其發(fā)明者的信息?！疽谆毂嫖觥縤nvent,discover/find,findoutinvent指發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造原來不存在的東西,即平時(shí)說的“發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造”。Edisoninventedthelightbulb.愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈。discover/find兩者一般可以互換,但在表示科學(xué)上(如石油、星星、古跡、天文等)的發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)只能用discover。Hediscoveredanewplanet.他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆新的行星。findout指通過觀察、探索(努力)而發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)的真相。Pleasefindoutwhenthetrainleaves.請(qǐng)弄清楚火車什么時(shí)候開。6.Italsoencouragesgovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.它也鼓勵(lì)政府和社會(huì)團(tuán)體想出辦法去改進(jìn)未來的廁所。 encourage及物動(dòng)詞，意為“鼓勵(lì)”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為encouragesb.todosth.“鼓勵(lì)某人去做某事”。 ?Myparentsoftenencouragemetodomorevolunteerjobs.我的父母經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)我做更多的志愿工作。（）OurEnglishteacherencouragesus________partinallkindsofafter-classactivities. A.totake B.take C.taking D.totake7.It’sarelaxingandpeacefulplacenearalake.它坐落在湖附近，是一個(gè)休閑安寧的地方。peaceful作為形容詞，表示“和平的；安寧的”，可作表語和定語。它是由名詞peace“和平”+后綴-ful派生而來。副詞形式為peacefully。 ?TorealizetheChineseDreamwillbringpeacetotheworld.實(shí)現(xiàn)中國夢將給世界帶來和平。 ?Thelittleboyfallsasleeppeacefully.這個(gè)小男孩安靜地入睡了?！局R(shí)拓展】英語中，一些名詞加后綴-ful可構(gòu)成形容詞，表示具有某種性質(zhì)。use—useful有用的help—helpful有幫助的success—successful成功的color—colorful色彩艷麗的care—careful小心的wonder—wonderful精彩的（）—TheChinesegovernmentistryingtosolvetheproblemsbetweenChinaandotherneighboringcountries________.—A________wayisbetterforall. A.peaceful；peaceful B.peaceful；peacefully C.peacefully；peaceful D.peacefully；peacefully8.TherearesomespecialGermanpaintingsthererightnow.那里現(xiàn)在有一些特別的德國油畫。 German作形容詞，意為“德國的；德語人的；德語的”。 ?SheisanaccountantinaGermancompany.她在一家德國公司當(dāng)會(huì)計(jì)。 【拓展】 German作名詞“德國人”時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)形式是Germans，而不是變a為e。表示“德國”要用Germany。FiveGermanswentbacktoGermany.五個(gè)德國人回德國了。各國人單復(fù)數(shù)變化形式：中日不變，(單復(fù)同形Chinese—Chinese;Japanese—Japanese)英法變，(Englishman—Englishmen;Frenchman—Frenchmen)其余s加后面。(German—Germans;Canadian—Canadians...)（）—Areallthestudentsfrom________inyourclass?—No,thereareonly3________inourclass.Theothersarefromothercountries.A.Germany;GermenB.Germany;GermansC.German;GermansD.German;Germany9.ForthousandsoftouristsfromChina,thissmallislandinSoutheastAsiaisawonderfulandsafeplacetotakeaholiday.對(duì)于許許多多的中國游客來說，東南亞的這個(gè)小島是一個(gè)極好而又安全的度假之地。（1）thousandsof＂數(shù)以千計(jì)的；許許多多的＂。thousand數(shù)詞，意為＂一千＂，當(dāng)前面有具體數(shù)字時(shí)，其后不加-s，不和of連用；若表示一個(gè)不確切的數(shù)字，且前面沒有具體數(shù)字，其后要加-s,且與of連用。 ?Thiscostthemfivethousanddollars.這花了他們5,000美元。 ?Thousandsofbirdsareflyingtothesouth.成千上萬只鳥兒正飛往南方?！疽族e(cuò)提醒】1.表示具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)目時(shí)，hundred(百)，thousand(千)，million(百萬)等數(shù)詞后不加-s，也不與of連用。2.當(dāng)hundred,thousand,million等數(shù)詞與of連用，表示非具體的數(shù)目時(shí)，詞尾必須加-s，構(gòu)成固定詞組hundredsof＂數(shù)以百計(jì)的＂，thousandsof＂數(shù)以千計(jì)的＂，millionsof＂數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的＂。①Lastyear,Ivisitedachemical(化學(xué)的)factoryinBaise,andtherewereabout________workersinit. A.sixthousands B.sixthousandC.sixthousandsofD.sixthousandof②Unluckily,________peoplewerekilledintheearthquake. A.twothousands B.thousandofC.twothousandsofD.thousandsof（2）這里介詞in指小島位于東南亞范圍內(nèi)。 ?HarbinisinthenorthofChina.哈爾濱在中國的北部。【歸納拓展】to：表示兩地是兩個(gè)相互獨(dú)立的地區(qū)，并且不相連。?JapanistotheeastofChina.日本在中國東部。on:表示兩地相鄰。?TheStateofMongoliaisonthenorthofChina.蒙古國與中國的北部接壤。（3）safe形容詞，意為＂安全的＂，其名詞形式為safety,意為＂安全＂；副詞形式為safely,意為＂安全地＂；反義詞為dangerous,意為＂危險(xiǎn)的＂。 ?Thechildrenaresafehere.孩子們在這里很安全。（）—Areyouclearaboutthejobofapoliceman,Ben?—Yes,tokeeppeople________andthesocietyingoodorder. A.busy B.safe C.lucky D.healthy10.Ontheonehand,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese,soyoucansimplyspeakPutonghuaalotofthetime.Ontheotherhand，SingaporeisanEnglish-speakingcountry,soit’salsoagoodplacetopracticeyourEnglish!一方面，超過四分之三的人口都是華裔，因此很多時(shí)候你可以只講普通話。另一方面，新加坡是一個(gè)說英語的國家，因此它也是一個(gè)你練習(xí)英語的好地方?。?）ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...意為＂一方面……另一方面……＂，用于表示一個(gè)事情的兩個(gè)方面。其中ontheonehand中的the可以省略。 ?Ontheonehand,youmustworkhard;ontheotherhand,youshouldpayattentiontoyourhealth. 一方面你必須努力工作,另一方面你應(yīng)該注意身體。（2）threequarters意為＂四分之三＂。英語中的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法為：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于一時(shí)，分母要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1/3onethird 2/3twothirds3/4threefourths或threequarters 1/4one/aquarter或onefourth 1/2ahalf或onesecond【知識(shí)拓展】分?jǐn)?shù)作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它代表的名詞。若名詞是單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),若名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。?InChina,twothirdsoftheteaisproducedinthesouth.在中國三分之二的茶葉是在南方生產(chǎn)的。?Inourclass,twothirdsofthestudentsaregirls.我們班三分之二的學(xué)生是女生。①About________ofthestudentslikekeepingdiariesinEnglishinourclass. A.twofifthB.twofifths C.secondfiveD.twofive②________ofthestudentsinourclass________girls. A.Twofifth；is B.Twofifth；are C.Twofifths；are（3）practice在此用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為＂練習(xí)＂，其后可接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。還可用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為＂練習(xí)＂。 ?IpracticeEnglisheverymorning.我每天早上練習(xí)英語。 ?Learninganewlanguageneedsalotofpractice.學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言需要勤練不輟。（）—WhereisTom?—Heispracticing________English_________hecanwinthespeechcompetition. A.tospeak;inorderto B.speaking;sothat C.speaking;inorderto D.tospeak;sothat二、典型例題和易錯(cuò)題（一）單項(xiàng)選擇（）1.—ThereislittlemoneyforMr.Leetobuyaticketfortoday’sshow,______ ?—Exactly! A.arethere B.isn’tthere C.aren’tthere D.isthere（）2.AprimaryschoolinEnglandhas______signsatitsthreeentrances(入口),saying:Greetyourchildwithasmile,notamobile. A.putinto B.putoff C.puton D.putup（）3.—WeareplanningaYangtzeRiverProtectionDaythisweekend.Doyouhaveanyadvice?—You’dbettersignsaroundtheschooltotellallthestudentsaboutthat.A.makeup B.putup C.setup D.showup（）4.Playingcomputergamestoooftenbadforus.A.am B.is C.are（）5.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,but _________containedanyusefulsuggestions. A.all B.none C.either D.Neither（）6.Peterwillhispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth. A.takeup B.putup C.addup D.breakup（）7.—Iwonder_________Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday. A.where B.how C.why D.If（）8.Tibetreceives____foreignvisitorsfromJanuarytoAprileachyear.A.thousandof B.thousandsof C.severalthousands（）9.Thereareaboutthree________studentsinourschool.A.thousands B.thousandsof C.thousand D.thousandof（）10.Nowadays,__________farmersleavetheirhometowntosearchforworkinthecities.A.millionof B.twomillions C.millionsof D.twomillionsof（）11._________visitorscametotakephotosofHongyadongduringthevacation.A.Thousand B.Thousandof C.Thousands D.Thousandsof（）12.Theboyhasbeenmissingforfivedaysandhisparentsareworriedabouthis______.A.attention B.safety C.action D.growth,（）13.Accordingtoasurvey,fouroutoffivewomendohouseworkathome,butonlyofmenwoulddoit.A.fourfifth B.fourfifths C.twofifth D.twofifths（）14.—Dad,about_________ofourclassmateswearglasses.—Oh,that'sterrible.Youallshouldtakegoodcareofyoureyes.A.threefourth B.thirdfourth C.thirdfourths D.threequarters（）15.—NowadaysChinahasabout25,000kilometersofhigh-speedrailways.—That’s_______oftheworld’stotal.A.twothird B.two-third C.twothirds D.twothree（）16.—The15thChineseBridge—ChineseProficiencyCompetitionwillbeheldthisyear！—That’sgreat！_______foreigncollegestudentsareinterestedinChineselearning． A.Hundredof B.Thousands C.Hundred D.Thousandsof（）17.Theenvironmentherebecomesbetterandbetter.______birdsarecomingback. A.Thousandsof B.Thousandof C.Thousands D.Thousand（）18.Nowadays,______oftheoldpeopleinthearea_____usedtodancingonthesquareaftersupper.A.twothird;is B.twothirds;is C.twothirds;are（）19.Itissaidthatstudentsliketotalkwithfriendsonline. A.two-thirds B.two-three C.two-third（）20.—Jane’sspokenEnglishisprettygood.—Yeah,sheworkshardandpractices_______itbothinandoutofclass.spoke B.tospeak C.speaking鞏固提高語法選擇Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?Thereisanamusementparkin1centerofmycity.Ithinkitiswonderfuland2.Ivisitedtheamusementparkwithmyparentsthissummer.Irememberit3asunnyday.Alonglineofpeoplewerewaitingtobuytickets.Mostpeoplebroughtcameraswiththem4theywantedtotakesomephotos.Insideoftheamusementparkweremanywonderfulridessuch___5____waterrides,arollercoasterandsightseeingtrains.Myparentslikedsightseeingtrainsthatcarriedpassengersaroundtheamusementpark.6feltveryrelaxed.Ilikedwaterrides.Youcan'timaginehowexcitedyoufeel7youtravelthroughthewater.Therollercoasterwasverypopularwithadultsandkids.Alotofpeoplewerewaitingtogeton.Butsomeofthemcouldn'tstandupafter8offtherollercoaster!9fundayitwas!Iwouldlovetovisittheamusementparkagain.Itisaperfectplace10yourdaywithyourfamily.（）1.A.a B.an C.the D./（）2.A.excited B.exciting C.bored D.boring（）3.A.are B.is C.were D.was（）4.A.but B.so C.because D.though（）5.A.like B.as C.for D.in（）6.A.He B.She C.They D.We（）7.A.when B.though C.but D.because（）8.A.get B.gets C.got D.getting（）9.A.What B.How C.Whata D.Howa（）10.A.tospend B.spending C.spend D.tospending四、拓展延伸現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（二）含been,ever,never的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，been是be動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，ever(曾經(jīng))，never(從不，未曾)一般作副詞。been在完成時(shí)中，常以havebeen的形式出現(xiàn)，常見的有以下幾種用法：考點(diǎn)1havebeento＋地點(diǎn)havebeento曾經(jīng)去過現(xiàn)已回來可接次數(shù)HehasbeentoBeijing3times.他去過北京三次。havegoneto到某地去了尚未回來通常不用第一人稱She’snothere.ShehasgonetoQingdao.她不在這里，她去了青島。havebeenin/at在某地呆了多長時(shí)間常接時(shí)間段HehasbeeninLondonforhalfayear.他在倫敦呆了半年。（）—BenandSuearen’thome，arethey?—No.They________toLondononbusiness. A.havegone B.go C.havebeen D.willgo考點(diǎn)2當(dāng)havebeento后面接副詞，如here,there,home時(shí)，to要省略。變?yōu)閔avebeenhere/there/home。（）YousaidthatZhijinCaveisverybeautiful.________you________there？ A.Have；gone B.Have；been C.Have；gonetoD.Have；beento考點(diǎn)3havebeenin＋組織，表示加入某組織。 Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.他參軍三年了?？键c(diǎn)4 havebeen＋adj./n.呈現(xiàn)……狀態(tài) Theshophasbeenopenfor10years.這家店?duì)I業(yè)十年了。Wehavebeenfriendssincewewere5.我們從5歲起就一直是朋友?？键c(diǎn)5 ever,never常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的提示詞。 everadv.曾經(jīng)；在任何時(shí)候 neveradv.從未 —Haveyoueverbeenthere？你曾去過那里嗎？—No,Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.不，我以前從未去過那里。（）Tonyisverynice.HeisthemostenjoyablepersonI________.A.meetever B.haveevermet C.hadevermet單項(xiàng)選擇：（）1.—Whereisyourfather?—Heisn’tathome.He_______Zhijiang.A.hasgoneto B.hasbeento C.havebeento（）2.WhenwillAbiteofChinaⅢbegintonight?—Itfortenminutes.A.willbegin B.hasbegun C.willbeon D.hasbeenon（）3.ItotheWestLakefourtimes,butIwillgothereagainthissummer.A.havegone B.havebeen C.went D.hadgone（）4.—Parisisawonderfulplace.—Soitis.ItheretwiceA.havebeen B.havegone C.went D.will（）5.—HoboandEddie________thecinematowatchthefilmZootopia.—Oh,that'swhyIcan’tfindthemnow. A.havegonetoB.havebeento C.hasgonetoD.hasbeento（）6.Ourmathteacher________inourschoolfor20yearsandhe________herewhenhewas23yearsold. A.hastaught;hascomeB.taught;comesC.taught;cameD.hastaught;came（）7.—MayIspeaktoMr.Lee?—Sorry,he________Harbin.He________thecityfortwodays.A.hasbeento;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;hasbeentoC.hasgoneto;hasbeenin（）8.Mygrandfatherlikesthesmallvillageverymuch.Sofarhe________therefor50years.A.hadlivedB.livedC.livesD.haslived（）9.—IsawMr.Whiteinhisofficejustnow.—No,it______behim.Hehas______BeijingandwillcomebacknextFriday. A.mustn’t;gonetoB.mustn’t;beentoC.can’t;beento D.can’t;goneto（）10.—______youever______totheGreatWall?—Yes.Threetimes. A.Has;beenB.Have;been C.Have;gone（）11.—MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,heisn’tin.He______Changsha. A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wentto（）12.—Yunnanisverybeautiful.I______therelastyear.—Yes,I______theretwice. A.went;havegone B.went;havebeen C.havegone;went D.havebeen;went（）13.—Whereisyouruncle?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.—He_______Beijingforabouthalfayear.HemovedthereinJanuary. A.hasgoneto B.hasbeentoC.hasarrivedin D.hasbeenin（）14.—Frank,whereisyourfather? —Hei