語(yǔ)法精講①狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)相當(dāng)于副詞的從句，在句中起副詞的作用，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，可修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和句子等。狀語(yǔ)從句主要分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、緣由、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、比較狀語(yǔ)從句。一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作用的句子稱為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。1．when,while和as的用法連詞含義及用法when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，從句謂語(yǔ)用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞均可，主、從句謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作可同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。while意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，從句謂語(yǔ)用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且具有對(duì)比含義，或一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程中。as意為“一邊……一邊……；隨著；當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。?Hewasninewhenhisfatherdied.他父親去世時(shí)他九歲。?Hewasjustgettingintothebathwhenthebellrang.他剛要洗澡時(shí)突然鈴響了。?Theyarrivedwhilewewerehavingdinner.他們到時(shí)我們正在吃晚飯。?WhileIwasplayingthepiano,mysisterwasdoingherhomework.我彈鋼琴的時(shí)候姐姐在做作業(yè)。?Astheyearsgoby，Chinaisgettingstrongerandricher.隨著時(shí)間一年一年過(guò)去，中國(guó)變得越來(lái)越富強(qiáng)了。?IsawmymotherasIwasgettingoffthebus.我下公共汽車的時(shí)候望見(jiàn)了我媽媽。when在beabouttodo...when...,bedoing...when...,haddone...when...,beonone'sway(to)...when...,beonthepointofdoing...when...結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“這時(shí)；突然”，表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生、剛剛發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生時(shí)，另一動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。?Hewasabouttoleavewhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.他剛要離開(kāi)，這時(shí)有人敲門(mén)。?Hewassleepingwhentheearthquakeoccurred.地震發(fā)生的時(shí)候他正在睡覺(jué)。?Hewasonhiswaytotheairportwhenhiscarwasheldup.在去機(jī)場(chǎng)的路上，他的車遭到了攔截。⑩Hewasonthepointofsayingsomethingwhenthephonerang.他剛要說(shuō)些什么的時(shí)候，電話響了。2．before的用法(1)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在……之前”。有時(shí)可譯成“過(guò)了多久才……”“還沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……”等。?Wehavetoactquicklybeforethingsbecomeworse.我們必需在事態(tài)還沒(méi)惡化之前盡快實(shí)行行動(dòng)。?SheleftbeforeIcouldhaveawordwithher.我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及和她說(shuō)句話，她就離開(kāi)了。(2)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的常用句型①Itwillbe＋一段時(shí)間＋before＋一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句要過(guò)多久才……?Itwillbeaweekortwobeforewecanseeeachotheragain.要過(guò)一兩個(gè)星期我們才可以再見(jiàn)面。②Itwon'tbe＋一段時(shí)間＋before＋一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句用不了多久就……?Itwon'tbelongbeforetheproblemissolved.用不了多久這個(gè)問(wèn)題就能解決。③Itwas＋一段時(shí)間＋before＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句過(guò)了多久才……?Itwastwoyearsbeforewemetagain.我們兩年后才再次見(jiàn)面。④Itwasn't＋一段時(shí)間＋before＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句沒(méi)過(guò)多久就……?Itwasn'tlongbeforehetoldmeabouttheaffair.沒(méi)過(guò)多久他就把那件事告知了我。3．since的用法(1)since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“自從……以來(lái)”，所引導(dǎo)的從句運(yùn)用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句運(yùn)用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?Sincehegraduatedfromthecollege,hehasworkedinthiscity.高校畢業(yè)后，他便在這個(gè)城市工作。(2)since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的常用句型①Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))當(dāng)since從句中的動(dòng)詞為非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“動(dòng)作從發(fā)生至今已有多久”。?Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.他來(lái)這兒五天了。當(dāng)since從句中的動(dòng)詞為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“動(dòng)作從停止至今已有多久”。?IthasbeenyearssinceIenjoyedmyselfsomuchaslastnight.我已經(jīng)許多年沒(méi)有像昨晚那樣痛快了。②Itwas＋時(shí)間段＋since...(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí))since從句中的動(dòng)詞為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“動(dòng)作從完成至后來(lái)的另一時(shí)間點(diǎn)已有多久”。?Itwasthreeyearssinceshehadlivedinthiscity.她已有三年沒(méi)住在這座城市了。4．till/until的用法主句形式主句謂語(yǔ)含義確定句用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞意為“直到……為止”，表示主句中的動(dòng)作到從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)結(jié)束。否定句用非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞意為“直到……才”，表示主句中的動(dòng)作從從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)起先。?Hewaiteduntilshehadfinishedspeaking.他始終等到她講完。?Youcan'tgohomeuntilyoufinishyourwork.工作完成后你才能回家。特殊留意：①只有until可置于句首或用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其他狀況until和till可通用。?UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.直到你告知我，我才對(duì)此事有所了解。②假如notuntil置于句首，主句要用部分倒裝。?Notuntilhisbikelookedalmostnewdidhestopcleaningit.直到他的自行車看起來(lái)像新的一樣，他才停止擦洗。5．表示“一……就……”的連詞的用法表示“一……就……”的連詞有：themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant;assoonas;immediately,directly,instantly;nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...等。?ThemomentIheardthevoice,IknewFatherwascoming.我一聽(tīng)到那說(shuō)話聲，就知道是父親來(lái)了。?Assoonasthereportersknowwhattowriteabout,theygetdowntowork.記者們一知道他們要寫(xiě)什么東西，就著手工作。?Immediatelyyoubegintospeak,hegivesyouhisfullattention.你只要一起先說(shuō)話，他就會(huì)聚精會(huì)神地聽(tīng)。?IwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedwork.我一干完活就回家了。?Wehadnosoonersetoutthanathunderstormbroke.我們剛剛動(dòng)身就下起了雷雨。?Wehadhardly/scarcelysatdownatthetable,whenthephonerang.我們剛在桌子旁坐下，電話鈴就響了。特殊留意：hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句運(yùn)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。假如hardly,nosooner,scarcely置于句首，主句必需接受部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。?HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.我剛一到家，天就起先下雨了。?Nosoonerhadshesaiditthansheburstintotears.她剛一說(shuō)完，淚水便奪眶而出。6．名詞短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法thefirsttime(第一次……的時(shí)候)，thelasttime(上次……的時(shí)候)，bythetime(到……的時(shí)候?yàn)橹?，everytime/eachtime(每次……的時(shí)候)，nexttime(下次……的時(shí)候)等名詞短語(yǔ)也可作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。?Thefirsttimewemet,wewereataparty.我們第一次見(jiàn)面是在一個(gè)聚會(huì)上。?EachtimehewenttoBeijing,hewouldvisithisformerteachers.每次他去北京，他都會(huì)去探望他以前的老師們。特殊留意：bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，此時(shí)主句應(yīng)運(yùn)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)；當(dāng)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，主句應(yīng)運(yùn)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。?Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.你明天到這兒的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)完成這項(xiàng)工作了。即學(xué)即練1(1)選詞填空(when,while,as,since,before,until)①It'smucheasiertomakefriends________youhavesimilarinterests.②Shewasonthepointofgoingout________herfriendscame.③Youwillgrowwiser________yougrowolder.④Ihavewrittenhomeonce________Icamehere.⑤Timepassedquicklyandthewinterholidayshadgoneby________weknewit.⑥Intheexperiment,thevolunteerskepttheirhandsinhotwater________theycouldnolongertoleratethepain.⑦_(dá)_______Iwaswalkingthedog,Iwassocarelessthattheleashgotlooseanditwashitbyacar.(2)在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式①It________(be)oneyearbeforewegraduatefromthemiddleschool.②It________(be)threeyearssincehelivedhere.③It________(be)notlongbeforewemetagain.④Itwasfiveyearssincewe________(leave)school.⑤ThefirsttimeI________(get)herealone,Iwasfrightened.⑥Bythetimehewasten,he________(study)advancedmaths.(3)依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子①我剛要睡覺(jué)時(shí)電話鈴響了。(beabouttodo...when...)I________________________thetelephonerang.②他們正在看電視，突然得知飛機(jī)失聯(lián)了。(bedoing...when...)They________________________theylearntthattheplanewasoutoftouch.③他剛離開(kāi)，你就來(lái)了。(haddone...when...)He________________________youcame.④你可以在這里待到雨停。Youcan________________________therainstops.⑤直到老師進(jìn)來(lái)，他們才停止說(shuō)話。They________________________theteachercamein.⑥直到我們向他們指出了他們的錯(cuò)誤，他們才意識(shí)到。Notuntilwepointedouttheirfaultstothem________________________．⑦我每次到辦公室去看他，都聽(tīng)說(shuō)他在開(kāi)會(huì)。________________________ItrytovisithimintheofficeI'mtoldheisinameeting.⑧我上一次去看她時(shí)，她正在一所醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。________________________Ivisitedher,shewasstudyingatamedicalcollege.eq\a\vs4\al(二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常由where(在……地方)及wherever(無(wú)論……在哪里)引導(dǎo)，用來(lái)表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所，從句可放在句首或句末。?Staywhereyouare.請(qǐng)待在原地。?Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。?Wherevertheyappeared,therewasawarmwelcome.不管到哪里，他們都受到了熱忱歡迎。?Whereverthereisinjustice,wetrytohelp.凡有不公正的地方，我們都竭力相助匡正。特殊留意：區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句①where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，是關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其前面有詳細(xì)或抽象的表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞。?ThebookshopwhereIboughtthisbookisnotfarfromhere.我買這本書(shū)的書(shū)店離這里不遠(yuǎn)。(先行詞為T(mén)hebookshop)②where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，是從屬連詞，其引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，where前面沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。?Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtorquestion.在有任何疑問(wèn)或問(wèn)題的地方做個(gè)記號(hào)。即學(xué)即練2選詞填空(where,wherever,inwhich)①________you'refrom,youcancometodance,dine,andtakepartinoutdoorandindoorconcerts.②Asyoungmen,weshouldlearntostandup________wefell.③Located________theBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.④________heoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthedeterminationtopushfurtherandkeepongoing.⑤Youshouldbeconsiderate.Youcannotsmoke________youlike.eq\a\vs4\al(三、緣由狀語(yǔ)從句)1．because引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語(yǔ)從句because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，只有它能回答why的提問(wèn)以及用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句，所引出的緣由往往是聽(tīng)話人所不知道的或是最感愛(ài)好的，也只有because才能被only，just，perhaps等詞修飾。?Becausehehadmadeaterriblemistake,theemployerwasunwillingtoemployhimanymore.因?yàn)樗高^(guò)嚴(yán)峻錯(cuò)誤，雇主不情愿再雇用他。?Hisfriendsalllikehimnotjustbecausehe'shandsomeandsuccessful.他的摯友都寵愛(ài)他，不僅僅因?yàn)樗L(zhǎng)相英俊又事業(yè)有成。2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語(yǔ)從句as所引出的理由在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)已經(jīng)很明顯，通常置于句首。Asshe'sbeenillperhapsshe'llneedsomehelp.她生病了，所以她有可能須要一些幫助。3．since引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語(yǔ)從句since所引出的緣由往往是人們已知的事實(shí)或不須要強(qiáng)調(diào)的，常譯成“既然”。Sincewedon'thaveclasstomorrow,whynotgooutforapicnic?既然明天我們沒(méi)課，那為什么不出去野餐呢？4．seeing(that)/considering(that)/now(that)/giventhat/inthat引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語(yǔ)從句seeing(that)/considering(that)/now(that)/giventhat都有“鑒于；考慮到”的意思；inthat意為“緣由就在于”，引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句后面。?Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.由于她對(duì)小孩子們感愛(ài)好，我敢確定教學(xué)工作對(duì)她而言再合適不過(guò)。?Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,there'snoreasonwhyweshouldnowhelphim.由于他那時(shí)拒絕幫助我們，我們現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)有理由幫他。?Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.這種等待的不尋常在于大部分人是自愿的。即學(xué)即練3選詞填空(because,as,considering,since)①—Whywereyoulatetoday?—________myalarmclockwasbroken.②________thatyouareakid,I'llchargeyouless.③________youweren'tthere,Ileftamessage.④Itwas________thewaterhadrisenthattheycouldnotcrosstheriver.⑤________itisrainingoutside,weshallnotgotothepark.eq\a\vs4\al(四、目的狀語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest等，從句中通常包含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could,may/might,should等。?I'dliketoarrive20minutesearlysothatIcanhavetimeforacupoftea.我想早到20分鐘以便有時(shí)間喝杯茶。?Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.為了讓全部人聽(tīng)到你講話，你必需說(shuō)大聲點(diǎn)。?Bettertakewarmclothesincasetheweatheriscold.最好還是穿溫煦些以防天氣寒冷。?Childrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfromplayinginthemud,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyandinjured.出于健康和平安方面的考慮，擔(dān)憂他們可能會(huì)弄臟或受傷，孩子們常常被勸阻不要在泥里玩耍。?Motherhustledthechildrenofftoschoollesttheyshouldbelate.母親督促著孩子們趕快上學(xué)去以免遲到了。即學(xué)即練4同義句轉(zhuǎn)換/單句寫(xiě)作①Weusecomputerssothatwecanworkbetter.→Weusecomputers________________wecanworkbetter.②昨天我們開(kāi)了個(gè)會(huì)，以便能夠做好這項(xiàng)工作。________________________________________________________________________eq\a\vs4\al(五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有sothat,so...that,such...that等。用法歸納：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...,so＋many/much/little/few＋名詞＋that...,so＋形容詞/副詞＋that...))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(such＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...,such＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不行數(shù)名詞＋that...,such＋alotof/lotsof＋名詞＋that...))巧記：名前such，形副so；多多少少也用so；little有點(diǎn)小特殊，小用such，少用so。留意：“多多少少”指的是表示數(shù)量的詞，常用的有many/much/few/little。?Heissocuteaboythateveryonelikeshim.＝Heissuchacuteboythateveryonelikeshim.他是一位如此可愛(ài)的男孩以至于每個(gè)人都寵愛(ài)他。?Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn'tsupporthisfamily.他掙得太少了，以至于連家都養(yǎng)不起。?Tomissoselfishthathealwaysignoresothers'feelings.湯姆太自私了，總是忽視別人的感受。?Jimissuchanhonestkidthatweallbelievehim.＝Jimissohonestakidthatweallbelievehim.吉姆是個(gè)很懇切的孩子，我們都信任他。?Theyaresuchhelpfulteachersthatweallrespectthem.這些老師對(duì)我們幫助很大，我們都敬重他們。?Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogoforapicnic.天氣這么好，我們都想出去野餐。特殊留意：有時(shí)為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將so或such置于句首，此時(shí)主句要用部分倒裝。?Sobrightwasthemoonthattheflowerswerebrightasbyday.在如此光明的月光下，花兒就像在白天一樣明麗。?Suchaninterestingbookdoeshehavethatweallwanttoreadit.他有一本如此好玩的書(shū)，以至于我們都想讀。即學(xué)即練5用so/such填空①Itwas________hotadaythattheywantedtogoswimming.②Thereare________manythingsintheshopsthatitisdifficulttoknowwhattobuy.③TheInternetis________animportantpartofourlifethatithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.④Theyare________goodteachersthatweallrespectthemgreatly.eq\a\vs4\al(六、條件狀語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有if，unless，as/solongas，incase，oncondition(that),supposing/suppose(that),providing/provided(that),onlyif，ifonly等。1．if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句if意為“假如；假如”。IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.假如三年前有人告知我說(shuō)我以后會(huì)把周末大部分時(shí)間花在野營(yíng)上，我確定會(huì)哈哈大笑。2．unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless意為“除非；假如不”，相當(dāng)于ifnot。Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutsideunlessfullycoveredinthickclothes.天太冷了，你不能出去，除非你用厚厚的衣服把自己包袱得密密層層。3．a(chǎn)s/solongas引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句as/solongas意為“只要”。Aslongasthereisacode，peoplewilltrytobreakit.只要有密碼，人們就會(huì)試著去破解。4．其他連詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句incase意為“假如；萬(wàn)一”；oncondition(that)意為“條件是；只要”；suppose/supposing(that)意為“假設(shè)”；providing/provided(that)意為“只要；假如；在……的條件下”；onlyif意為“只有”；ifonly意為“要是；只要”。?ItwasconsiderateofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.邁克爾考慮得很周到，他通知我們他會(huì)遲到，以防我們擔(dān)憂。?Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthat(＝onlyif)wereturneditbeforetheweekend.他們同意借車給我們，條件是周末以前歸還。?Suppose/Supposing(that)itrains,canweplaythematchindoors?要是下雨的話，我們能在室內(nèi)競(jìng)賽嗎？?Youcanborrowthecar,providing/provided(that)Icanhaveitbackbysixo'clock.你可以借我的車，只要你六點(diǎn)之前能還給我。即學(xué)即練6用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞完成句子①除非你全身心投入工作，否則你恒久不會(huì)取得勝利。Youwillnevergainsuccess________youarefullydevotedtoyourwork.②只要你能按時(shí)完成工作，你就能做你想做的其他任何事。________youcanfinishyourworkontime,youcandowhateverelseyouwant.③假如你成為某個(gè)組織的帶頭人，你很有可能想要一些志愿者來(lái)幫忙完成組織的一些活動(dòng)。________youbecomealeaderinanorganization,it'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.④你最好帶把傘以防下雨。You'dbettertakeanumbrella________itrains.⑤只要你完成作業(yè)，你就能玩電腦嬉戲。Youmaybeallowedtoplaycomputergames________youhavefinishedyourhomework.eq\a\vs4\al(七、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有though,although,as,while,evenif,eventhough,whatever,however,whenever等。1．a(chǎn)lthough/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although/though意為“雖然，盡管”。Heisunhappy,although/thoughhehasalotofmoney.雖然他很有錢(qián)，但他不快樂(lè)。特殊留意：although/though可以與yet，still連用，但不能與連詞but連用。2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“雖然，盡管”，從句部分用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。?Tryasshemight，Suecouldn'tgetthecarstarted.雖然蘇全力以赴，但就是無(wú)法啟動(dòng)她的車。特殊留意：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中though可以用倒裝，也可不用倒裝；although確定不能倒裝；as必需倒裝，置于句首，將表語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)提前，若表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞，前置時(shí)冠詞要省略。?Billionaireas/thoughheis，heisstillasmodestasbefore.雖然他是位億萬(wàn)富翁，但還是和以前一樣虛心。(Billionaire前的冠詞a省略)3．while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“盡管，雖然”，一般位于句首。Whilebirdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.雖然鳥(niǎo)類的羽毛用于飛行，但其中一些羽毛也可作他用。4．evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句evenif/eventhough意為“即使，即便”。Onceagainhefailedtohandinhispaper,evenif/thoughhehadbeengivenenoughtime.即便給了他足夠的時(shí)間，他卻又一次沒(méi)能上交他的論文。5．“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”或“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”相當(dāng)于“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”，意為“不管……；無(wú)論……；盡管……”。?Whatever(＝Nomatterwhat)happens,Iwillalwaysstandbyyourside.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么，我都會(huì)站在你身邊支持你。?Pleasedon'tlistentohim，whateverhisproposalis.無(wú)論他的建議是什么，千萬(wàn)不要聽(tīng)。?Whateverreasonhecomesupwith,hiswordscan'tbetrusted.無(wú)論他提出了什么理由，他的話都是不行信的。?Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight'ssleephowever(＝nomatterhow)muchworkyouhavetodo.無(wú)論有多少工作要做，你都應(yīng)當(dāng)想方法好好睡一覺(jué)。?Howeverdifficultthefuturemayseem,wewillgohandinhandtogether.不管將來(lái)看似多么困難，我們都將攜手前行。?Wherever(＝Nomatterwhere)youstay，youmustservethepeopleheartandsoul.無(wú)論你身處何方，你都必需一心一意為人民服務(wù)。?Whenever(＝Nomatterwhen)hecomesback，hiswifeiswaitingforhim.無(wú)論他什么時(shí)候回家，他妻子都在等他。特殊留意：只有在狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中，“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”才能夠替換“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”，在名詞性從句中不行以替換。也就是說(shuō)，“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”既可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。?Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillbepunished!任何觸犯校規(guī)的人都會(huì)受到懲處！(主語(yǔ)從句)?Whoever(＝Nomatterwho)breakstheschoolrules,hewillbepunished.無(wú)論是誰(shuí)觸犯了校規(guī)，他都會(huì)受到懲處。(狀語(yǔ)從句)即學(xué)即練7依據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空①雖然學(xué)生們來(lái)自不同國(guó)家，但在夏令營(yíng)中他們相處得特殊融洽。________thestudentscamefromdifferentcountries,theygotalongquitewellinthesummercamp.②雖然他是個(gè)英雄，但也有缺點(diǎn)。Hero________heis,hehasweaknesses.＝________heisahero,hehasweaknesses.③在某種程度上我能明白你的意思，即便我不同意你的觀點(diǎn)。InawayIcanseewhatyoumean,________Idon'tshareyourpointofview.eq\a\vs4\al(八、方式狀語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as，asif/though等，as表示“正如；就像”；asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句與事實(shí)相符時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，若與事實(shí)不相符，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。?WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。?Theyliveasiftheywillneverdie,anddieasthoughtheyhadneverlived.他們活著的時(shí)候似乎從來(lái)不會(huì)死去，他們死去的時(shí)候又仿佛從沒(méi)有活過(guò)。即學(xué)即練8在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~①Just________asinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph.②Do________theteacheraskedyouto.eq\a\vs4\al(九、比較狀語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as...as...，notas/so...as...，than,more(...)than，less(...)than等。?Therewerenotsomanyticketsavailableas(they)wereneeded.票供不應(yīng)求。?ThistestislesssimplethanIexpectedittobe.這次考試不如我原以為的簡(jiǎn)潔。即學(xué)即練9改正下面句子中的錯(cuò)誤。①ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasherclassmates.________________________________________________________________________②Mr.SmithownsahouselargerasanyoneelseIknow.________________________________________________________________________Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．________youwanttoworkasatranslator,youneedfluencyinatleastoneforeignlanguage.2．________aproblemarose,sherespondedwithhercharacteristic.“Noproblem,Icanhandleit.”3．Hewassoabsurd________hepredictedthatthesunwillnotrisetomorrow.4．Feelingsofpowerlessnessanddespairoftenmakeusoverwhelmed________webringourproblemsundercontrol.5．Irefusedhisinvitationtohisflatforcoffee________Ididn'tthinkthathismotiveswereentirelypure.6．Putthebulbsinatransparentplasticbox,inorder________thechildrencanseetherootsgrowing.7．________sheworkedhard,thecompanynevergaveheranyrecognitionforherwork.8．CarlandMartinmayinherittheirgrandmother'spossessions________shedies.9．Nomatter________happens,don'tbepessimisticaboutyourlife.10．Wecan'tprotecttheenvironment________largecorporationssensetheirdutytocooperate.Ⅱ.在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞MyclassmateMichaelstudiedveryhard1.________