初中定語從句總結

一、定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。

定語定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語和分詞短語)或句

子，漢語中常用'……的’表示。主要由形容詞擔任，此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔任，也可以

由一個句子來擔任。單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。

定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。

如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.

2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。

引導定語從句的詞有關系代詞that,which,who(賓格who,所有格whose)和關系副詞where,when>why

關系詞常有三個作用：1、引導定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分

二、關系代詞引導的定語從句

1.who指人，在從句中做主語

(l)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.

注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語)

4.that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。

在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語)

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

注：that用法

⑴不用that的情況

(a)在引導非限定性定語從句時。

(錯)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.

(b)介詞后不能用。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.

(2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況

(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。

(b)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行詞時，只用that,不用which。

(c)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修飾時，只用thato

(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that,不能用which。.

(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。

(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時.

(g)為了避免重復.

(h)先行詞是theway或thereason時，that可作關系副詞，也可省略

(i)主句的主語是疑問詞who/which時

舉例：

Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?

這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？

Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.

誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰.

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

所需的只是供油問題。

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.

那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。

三、關系副詞引導定語從句

關系副詞關系副詞：在句中作狀語

關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞

why=forwhich

where=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)

when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)

1.where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語用來表示地點的定語從句。

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

2.when引導定語從句表示時間。在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

［注］表示時間“time”一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導。

BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.

到你到達倫敦的時候，我們在那里已經待了兩個星期。

IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然記得我第一次見到她。

Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。

每一次他去出差，他帶來了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。

3.why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

注：1)介詞后面的關系代詞不能省略。

2)that前不能有介詞。

3)某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關系詞”結構可以同關系副詞when,where和why互換。

ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?

Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?

Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.

Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.

四、關系代詞和冠詞副詞引導的從句有什么區(qū)別？

關鍵點：

1、關系副詞在從句中是做狀語，記住，只做狀語，不能做其他的成分。

2、關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換。

如：thereasonwhyherefusedtheinvitationisclear.=Thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisclear.

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasborn.=TreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichIwasborn.

Thetimewhenwegottegetherfinallycame.=Thetimeinwhichwegottogetherfinallycame.

樣板題一：

1>Hehasforgottenthedayhearrived.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

解題思路：此題中，從句是hearrived,它已經是一個完整的句子，因此，這里要填一個在從句中充當狀語的成分，C選項和D選項都不能

做在從句中作狀語，因此排除掉，theday指的是時間，因此，要填上表示時間的關系副詞when。

練習題：

1、Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

2、Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

3.ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.

A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

4.Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

5.Hegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

6.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.

A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

7.ThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

8.Hedidn'ttellmetheplacehewasborn.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.Where

樣板題二：用關系代詞或關系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復合句

Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.

解題思路：所謂定語從句，就是把兩句話壓縮成一句話，而且，這兩句話肯定輝提到同一個東西，因此，首先要找兩句話都提到了的東西,

此題中，兩句話都提到了同一個東西—一個人(theboy,he)這就是共同點，人我們是用who或whom表示，兩句話都是做主語，因此，

只能用在從句中作主語的who,不能在從句中做賓語的whom,因此，答案是：Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.

練習題：

1.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.

2.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.

3.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.

4.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.

樣板題三：用關系代詞或關系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復合句

Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.

解題思路：還是找兩句話都提到了的那個共同點，是thehall(it),在第二句話中init是做定點狀語，因此可以用where代替，因此，答案是:

Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday.=Thisisthehallinwhichwelistenedtothereporttheotherday.

練習題：

1、BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.

2、Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.

3、Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.

4、Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.

用適當?shù)年P系代詞或關系副詞填空

1.Thehouseweliveinisverybig.

2.Theboyiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

3.Thisisthepresenthegavemeformybirthday.

4.Themantalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.

7.Shewearsagoldring,isveryuncommoninourclass.

8.Wevisitedafactorymakestoysforchildren.

9.Isthistheplaceyourfatheroncelived?

10.rilneverforgetthedaysIjoinedtheLeague.

五、只用that的情況:

1.只能使用that,不用which的情況：

(1)先行詞是nothing,everything,anything,everything,all,few,little,some等不定代詞時。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.

(2)先行詞被only,no,any,all,little,few,much,thesame,thelast等詞修飾時。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.

(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞：Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.

(6)當先行詞前面有who,which等詞時：Whoisthemanthatissittingthere?

Whichisthecoatthatfitsmemost?

練習題：

1.Thereisnothingintheworldcanfrightenhim.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.who

六、只能用which,不用that的情況：

(1)在非限制性定語從中。例如：

Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

(2)定語從句由介詞+關系代詞引導，先行詞是物時。例如：

Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

練習題：

1.Helivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

練習（一）

請分析一下定語從句：（請劃出定語從句，并標出先行詞）

1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.

2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.

3.Youcouldn'tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.

4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.

5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn'tlike.

6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?

8.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.

9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.

10.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?

12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.

13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.

14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.

15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.

二、用關系代詞填空：that、which、who>whom、whose

1.Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.

2.ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.

3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.

4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.

5.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.

6.Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.

7.Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.

8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.

9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.

10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.

11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.

12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.

13.Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.

14.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.

15.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.

16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.

17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.

18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?

19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.

20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.

三、單項選擇

()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.

A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose

)2.What'sthenameoftheprogram.

A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening

)3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.

A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything

)4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.

A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which

)5.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.

A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat

)6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

)7.Doyouknowthestudent?

A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk

)8.1likethehousewindowsfacesouth.

A.whoseB.who'sC.it'sD.its

)9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary?

A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit

)10.TheyoungwomanIspokejustnowisayoungdoctor.

A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that

練習（二）

1.Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.

A.whichB.whatC.asD.those

5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat

7.Thisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts..

A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved

8.Thereasonisheisunabletooperatethemachine.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether

9.Tiltellyouhetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which

10.Thattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

11.1haveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

12.Hefailedintheexamination,madehisfatherveryangry.

A.whichB.itC.thatD.what

13.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

14.ThegirlanEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom'ssister.

A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging

15.Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn

16.Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.

A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

17.Didn'tyouseetheman?

A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow

18.Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout

19.Isthereanythingtoyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelo