2018年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試（英語(yǔ)一）試題答案解析

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

thebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessaryconditionmanyworthwhilethings:child

care,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_2_,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_3_.

_4_,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._5_peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoran

institution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_6_pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherding

instructthatpromptshumansto_7_withoneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure_8_thishormone

putsusinatrusting_9_:InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;

thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanwere

their_10_whoinhaledsomethingelse.

_1l_forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_12_us.ACanadianstudyfoundthat

childrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_l3_acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlers

wereeach_14_toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,"What'sinhere?”before

lookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,"Wow!”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_15_.

Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_16_thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_17_them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_l8_tocooperatewiththetesterinlearning

anewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._19_,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe

“_20_"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.

第1題

l.[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from

[參考答案]c

[答案解析]

【解析】itsanecessaryconditionmanyworthwhilethings（信任是一個(gè)必要條件許多重

要事情）此處是說(shuō)，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)必要條件C選項(xiàng)for（對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)）符合語(yǔ)義，

故為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)。n（關(guān)于）語(yǔ)義不恰當(dāng)，B選項(xiàng)like（像）D選項(xiàng)from（來(lái)自于），故排除。

第2題

2.[A]faith[B]concem[C]attention[D]interest

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】第一段首句提出主題句：trustisatrickybusiness（信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西）。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)

該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明Ontheonehand,it'sanecessaryconditionformanyworthwhilethings:childcare,

friendships,etc（一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等），這句話在

說(shuō)信任的好處。Ontheotherhand,puttingyourinthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh。

（另一方面把……放在錯(cuò)誤的方往往會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大……），顯然這句在解釋主題詞“trust”，只有A選

項(xiàng)faith（信任、忠誠(chéng)）與trust屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故正確答案為[A]faith。

第3題

3.[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】第一段首句提出主題句：trustisatrickybusiness（信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西）后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主

題句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明：Ontheonehand,it'sanecessaryconditionmanyworthwhilethings:child

care,friendships,etc?（一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等），這

句話在說(shuō)信任的好處。Ontheotherhand,puttingyourinthewrongplaceoftencaniesahigh。

（另一方面，把……放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大……）,顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，

并且根據(jù)空格所在句中的關(guān)鍵詞“wrongplace”，本句應(yīng)該在說(shuō)信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥?，所以空格處?yīng)該填

入一個(gè)負(fù)向感情色彩的詞，故A選項(xiàng)benefit和C選項(xiàng)hope排除、而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)debt（債務(wù)）帶入之后語(yǔ)

義不當(dāng)，故正確答案為[D]price（代價(jià)）。

第4題

4JA]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】上段講述的是信任的好處和信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥?。第二段段首提出?wèn)題：“我們?yōu)槭?/p>

么要信任”。只有B選項(xiàng)then（那么）填入后能形成順暢的語(yǔ)義和邏輯關(guān)系。故正確答案為Bthen（那

么）。A選項(xiàng)therefore（因此）表示結(jié)果，C選項(xiàng)instead（但是、然而）表示轉(zhuǎn)折,D選項(xiàng)again（再次）

表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；不符合要求，故排除。

第5題

5.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】空格所在句含義為：人們信任一個(gè)人或一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu)，他們的大腦會(huì)釋放催產(chǎn)素

只有D選項(xiàng)when（當(dāng)...時(shí)候）填入后符合邏輯要求，故正確答案為A選項(xiàng)when。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)A

選項(xiàng)until（直到...）表時(shí)間，B選項(xiàng)unless（如果不）表?xiàng)l件，C選項(xiàng)although（盡管）表讓步，帶

入后均語(yǔ)義不通順，故排除。

第6題

6.fA]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】上文指出：Whenpeopleplacetheirtrustinan...theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormoneo上文

指出當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，后面是定語(yǔ)從句，句內(nèi)的動(dòng)賓搭配，可推知這個(gè)

荷爾蒙能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的情緒，并且與后面的trigger同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此，選項(xiàng)Bproduce為正確答案。

第7題

7.[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

【解析】上文講到這種荷爾蒙能夠激發(fā)一種群居本能，theherdinginstinctthatleadssheeptoflock

togetherforsafetyandpromotewithoneanother,這種本能有兩個(gè)作用，并用and連接；所以復(fù)現(xiàn)同義

and前面的flocktogether□因此選擇Cconnect.

第8題

8.[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】根據(jù)上文的結(jié)論，下文實(shí)驗(yàn)展開(kāi)分析，Swissscientistshavefoundthatexposuretothishormone

putsus..o所以研究中要求受試者要先處于這種環(huán)境中，所以名詞exposureto構(gòu)成搭配語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，表

示“接觸”的意思，因此選擇to。

第9題

9.[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】上文提到身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生荷爾蒙，會(huì)給你帶來(lái)一種愉悅的情緒pleasurablefeelings,這個(gè)上文結(jié)

論。實(shí)驗(yàn)中exposuretothishormoneputsusinatrusting…，因此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗(yàn)中，處于這種荷

爾蒙環(huán)境中，會(huì)給人帶來(lái)情緒，語(yǔ)氣，心境因此選擇mood。

第10題

10.[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

[解析]上文指出，Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects,可推知本

句再講與另外一組受試者比較。故選項(xiàng)A.counterparts相對(duì)物，相對(duì)應(yīng)的人為正確答案。

第11題

11.[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also,說(shuō)明前文和后文情感是一致的關(guān)系。說(shuō)我們有這兩種天賦，

對(duì)大家來(lái)說(shuō)都是好事，所以需要選擇一個(gè)正向的情感色彩。只能選擇選項(xiàng)Blucky。A選項(xiàng)funny有趣

的是，C選項(xiàng)odd奇怪的是，D選項(xiàng)ironic諷刺的是，皆不符合文意。

第12題

12.[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also,說(shuō)明前文和后文情感是并列平行關(guān)系，前后情感應(yīng)該一致。

所以此處只能選擇protect保護(hù)我們，符合文意。A選項(xiàng)monitor監(jiān)控，C選項(xiàng)surprise使震驚；D選

項(xiàng)delight使高興；皆不符合文意。

第13題

13.[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】differentiatebetweenAandB介詞between表示在A和B之間，原文含義為：”4個(gè)月大的

孩子可以區(qū)分出一個(gè)可信的人和一個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人”。

第14題

14.[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted

[參考答案]c

[答案解析]

【解析】原文Sixtytoddlerswereeachtoanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer。只有C選項(xiàng)be

introducedtosth表示“初次認(rèn)識(shí)某事物”，符合文意。A選項(xiàng)transferred轉(zhuǎn)移；B選項(xiàng)added添加；

D選項(xiàng)entrusted委托，皆不符合文意。

第15題

15.[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】原文what'sinhere?beforelookingintothecontainerEachsubjectwastheninvitedto只有D選

項(xiàng)inside才能和前文所表達(dá)的inhere和lookinginto一脈相承，因此正確答案為D。

第16題

16.[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D].remembered

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】由空格句并列結(jié)構(gòu)Halfofthem…theotherhalf…可知，本句意在對(duì)比兩組受試者的不同情況,

前半句指出“其中一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)了玩具”，由此推知空格所在半句應(yīng)該說(shuō)明另外一半人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故空格

處語(yǔ)義應(yīng)該與found接近，故A為正確答案。

第17題

17.[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

【解析】由上文“測(cè)試員朝容器內(nèi)部看并驚呼一聲一一另一半受試者發(fā)現(xiàn)容器是空的”下文關(guān)鍵信息

“沒(méi)有被測(cè)試員欺騙的孩子(notbeentricked)"可推知，測(cè)試員是通過(guò)花招讓孩子們相信容器內(nèi)有東

西，而他們應(yīng)該是意識(shí)到自己被測(cè)試員“欺騙、愚弄”了，?fooled與tricked語(yǔ)義接近，符合文意。

所以作對(duì)此題必須要理解tester測(cè)試者是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)是them指的是受測(cè)者，主語(yǔ)的意思決定了謂語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞的含義為戲弄，故Cfooled為正確選項(xiàng)。

第18題

18.[A]fbrced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterin

learninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership?根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出逗號(hào)之前

是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)意為在所有沒(méi)有被戲弄過(guò)的孩子里面大多數(shù)的孩子在習(xí)得一種新技能的時(shí)候與測(cè)試

者的合作是怎么樣的，demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership表明這些孩子信任他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，所以

既然信任他們就是愿意與其合作,故選擇Bwilling與werewillingto構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為愿意。

第19題

19.[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

[W1onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"20"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivityo通

過(guò)該句中的only僅僅，可以看出與上文的themajorityof形成鮮明的對(duì)比19題應(yīng)該填入的應(yīng)該是表

示轉(zhuǎn)折，與上文形成對(duì)比的邏輯關(guān)系詞。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有A表示轉(zhuǎn)折B表示結(jié)果，C表示總結(jié)，D

表示舉例子，對(duì)比，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

第20題

2O.[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitable

［參考答案］c

［答案解析］

【解析】onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivityo該

句含義為：在接下來(lái)的活動(dòng)中30個(gè)孩子中只有5個(gè)孩子與……樣的測(cè)試者能合作，所以結(jié)合上文提

到的大部分孩子信任測(cè)試者但是5/30屬于一小部分，大部分對(duì)應(yīng)的是信任，那么小比例的對(duì)應(yīng)的是

不信任，所以tester的修飾詞應(yīng)該為C,unreliable不可靠的，不可信任的，故C為正確答案。

SectionIIReadingcomprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenext

presidentialcampaign：Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,according

toaUniversityofOxfordstudywiththemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslike

gardeningordaycaredon,tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,

softwareengineering一havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbe

fine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.

TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,

butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automation

shouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,

boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldbe

rethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Cumculums一fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolveto

focuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschools

shoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Online

educationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.

Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusiness

dynamism：Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,

entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestuses

of3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwill

inventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesand

thesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchas

theearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded：Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,reward

companiesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittle

comforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatare

comingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

第21題

21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

[A]Leadingpoliticians.

[B]Low-wagelaborers.

[C]Robotowners.

[D]Middle-classworkers.

［參考答案］D

［答案解析］

答案:D

解析:根據(jù)題干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句"theannoyi-ngchallengefacingthe

middleclassisonethat.......fortheirjobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句話，可以得知相對(duì)于低收

入者和富人，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受到的沖擊最大。

第22題

22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?

[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

fB]Optimists1opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled.

[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided.

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

答案:C

解析：根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段中的首句“thisisn'ttobealarmist”和末句“But.......middle-class

workersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting^,but轉(zhuǎn)折句再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，即中產(chǎn)階級(jí)工人需要

很多幫助來(lái)調(diào)整應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，末句中"mayneedalotofhelp”同義替換成選項(xiàng)C中的“needtobe

tackled",自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題需要被解決，得出C答案。

第23題

23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison.

[A]creativepotential

[B]job-huntingskills

[C]individualneeds

[D]cooperativespirit

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

答案:A

解析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第四段第二句"Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege一

shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication"。由

該句可知，課程應(yīng)該更關(guān)注創(chuàng)造性和復(fù)雜的溝通而非記憶事實(shí)。所以，應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)creativepotential

（創(chuàng)造潛能），同義替換為creativity。

第24題

24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat__.

[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

fB]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

答案:D

解析：該題考查作者的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第六段第一句"Finally,because

automationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynet

willhavetoberethoughtvo由該句可知，由于自動(dòng)化加大了資本收入和勞動(dòng)力收入的差距，所以應(yīng)該

重新考慮稅收和安全網(wǎng)（保障措施），即稅收政策應(yīng)該避免收入差距擴(kuò)大，選D選項(xiàng)preventingthe

incomegapfromwideningo

第25題

25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith.

[A]opposingviewsonit.

[B]possiblesolutionstoit.

[C]itsalarmingimpacts.

[D]itsmajorvariations.

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

答案:B

解析:作者在文章第一、二段提出問(wèn)題“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受自動(dòng)化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出

中產(chǎn)階級(jí)需要幫助去適應(yīng)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，接下來(lái)第四段至第六段介紹解決方法，最后一段表明作者觀

點(diǎn)。所以應(yīng)該選B選項(xiàng)possiblesolutionstoit（解決問(wèn)題的相應(yīng)方法）。

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveof

PresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHouseto

befilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardall

media,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe

2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycritical

stateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.Andasurveyconductedfor

BuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionin

cyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundthey

useudistributedtrustvtoverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferent

perspectives——especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealof

personalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,thesurvey

concluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnited

StatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedto

greaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermitting

themtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousof

theirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenby

Americansforthefakenewsphenomenonisureadererror,vmoresothanmade-upstoriesorfactual

mistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesinmisinterpretationorexaggeration

ofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheart

oftheissue."Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,vsays

RoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinking

skills-andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

第26題

26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson

[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

fB]people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

答案:D

解析:雙段推理題。根據(jù)題目定位到第1段和第2段，雙段推理優(yōu)先考慮雙段主旨。第一段中心句

為最后一句話：MillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersources,nota

president;ssocialmediaplatform。''千禧一代喜歡白宮直接發(fā)布的消息…而不是總統(tǒng)社交媒體發(fā)布的

信息”，說(shuō)明他們不太信任社交媒體。第2段中心為第二句轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說(shuō)明對(duì)于社交媒體的不信任上

升。故雙段中心都和他們不信任社交媒體相關(guān)。結(jié)合以上信息，得出社交媒體信息不可靠，選擇D。

第27題

27.Thephrase“beefup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]sharpen

[B]define

[C]boast

[D]share

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

答案:A

解析：詞匯釋義題。根據(jù)題目定位到第2段第2句：Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemay

bestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskillso句子的情感色彩判斷，因?yàn)槎禾?hào)前提到“人們對(duì)于所有

媒體的不信任增加”，可以推知人們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能，故選A。

第28題

28.AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople

[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

fB]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

[C]havestrongsenseofresponsibility.

[D]liketoexchangeviewson"'distributedtrust".

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

答案：B

解析：范例證明題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句話。因?yàn)槟稠?xiàng)研究一般是論據(jù)證明前面的論點(diǎn)，

故答案應(yīng)該位于第一句話"Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulat

seperatingfactfromfictionincyberspaceo”說(shuō)明答案應(yīng)該“和年輕人更容易把網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的事實(shí)和虛假信

息區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)”，故答案為B”驗(yàn)證新聞的真?zhèn)巍薄榱司_可以在論據(jù)中去驗(yàn)證，論據(jù)中提到“verify

stories",acrosschecksources和aprefernewsfromdifferentperspectivesv，都是和多重角度驗(yàn)證

信息真?zhèn)蜗嚓P(guān)的。

第29題

29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis.

[A]readersoutdatedvalues.

[B]journalists'biasedreporting.

[C]readers'misinterpretation.

[D]journalists'made-upstories.

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

答案：c

解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句found之后amainreason對(duì)應(yīng)thetopreason,而

原文剩余信息為"readererror",所以應(yīng)該和讀者相關(guān)。Error應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)misinterpretation,故答案

為Creaders'misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明答案的內(nèi)容，文中misintepretationor

exerggerationofactualnews進(jìn)一步印證C為正確答案。

第30題

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

答案：A

解析：全文主旨題。本篇文章屬于篇首轉(zhuǎn)折，二段轉(zhuǎn)折之后為全文主旨,yet之后說(shuō)道：“Yetasdistrust

hasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestrartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills"。“隨著對(duì)于所

有媒體不信任的上升，人們開(kāi)始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能”，故答案為A。為了驗(yàn)證，可以看篇末，篇

末重申主題，so之后講道“sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyreaveal

amentaldisciplineinthinkingskills-andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia?！备M(jìn)一步說(shuō)

明和人們批判性看待社交媒體上的新聞相關(guān)。

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)and

DeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificial

intelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butit

couldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.Itisagainstthatbackgroundthatthe

informationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFree

hospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015on

thebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectations

ofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremay

bemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessary

permissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsabout

informedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemost

important.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit

ucontrolledthedataandDeepMindmerelyuprocessed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatit

isprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.

Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.That

missesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenit

iscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoes

notaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefit

patientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthem

usingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdrugsnowcan,bigdatamaybe

expectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmall

choicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoida

futureofdigitalfeudalism.MsDenham'sreportisawelcomestart.

第31題

31.WhatistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient9srights.

[C]Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations.

[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

［參考答案］B

［答案解析］

答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS,DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句"Itisagainstthat

backgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFree

hospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsin2015

onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheir

expectationsofprivacyn。根據(jù)avagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients?rights

andtheirexpectationsofprivacy這一部分的語(yǔ)義信息，說(shuō)明NHS與DeepMind之間的協(xié)議沒(méi)有充分考

慮到病人的權(quán)利與隱私。這句話的言外之意就是協(xié)議未能充分關(guān)注病人的權(quán)利。故確定答案為選項(xiàng)B,

其中failedto是tookfartoolittleaccount的同義改寫(xiě)。

第32題

32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith.

[A]emptypromises.

[B]toughresistance.

[C]necessaryadjustments.

[D]sincereapologies.

[參考答案1c

[答案解析]

答案：c

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHStrust,以及Denham'sverdict回文定位第二段第二句"TheNHS

trusthasmendeditsways。”根據(jù)第二句的語(yǔ)義信息，NHStrust針對(duì)Denham'sverdict已經(jīng)調(diào)整了

其與DeepMind的協(xié)議內(nèi)容，故通過(guò)同義替換，可確定正確答案為C。

第33題

33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

[B]leakingpatients5dataisworsethansellingit.

[C]makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.

[D]thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit.

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

答案：D

解析：推理題。根據(jù)題干，此題定位在第二段最后一句but之后的轉(zhuǎn)折句。"Butthisdistinctionmisses

thepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesdatavaluen。這

種區(qū)分忽視了一個(gè)點(diǎn)：是處理和收集賦予數(shù)據(jù)意義，而不是擁有數(shù)據(jù)。選項(xiàng)中的“processing”和原

文中的"processing”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)中的“thevalueofdata”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的"datavalueo因此，D

項(xiàng)為正確答案。

第34題

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis.

[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干此題定位在文中最后一段的第四句。"Whatmattersisthattheyw川belongto

aprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresourceso”重要的是這些進(jìn)步屬于一個(gè)私人壟

斷企業(yè)，而私人壟斷企來(lái)使用公共資源進(jìn)行研發(fā)。而這正真正的擔(dān)憂所在。因此，選項(xiàng)D為正確答

案，themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的aprivatemonopolyo

第35題

35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

[A]ambiguous.

[B]cautious.

[C]appreciative.

［D］contemptuous.

［參考答案］B

［答案解析］

答案：B

解析：態(tài)度題。本題考查作者對(duì)本文主題“將人工智能應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療健康”的態(tài)度。根據(jù)順序性原則

定位在最后一段。該段倒數(shù)第三句話指出“我們目前依然處于這一改革的前期，并且任何小的選擇都

會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響”，其中“still”一詞，以及“small”（?。┖汀癵igantic”（巨大的）對(duì)比，

都體現(xiàn)出了作者對(duì)待整個(gè)事件是小心謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，因此［B］cautious為正確答案。

Text4

TheU.S.PostalService（USPS）continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal

2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billionin

unfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.

Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanently

decreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdenies

managementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewreality

Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureonthe

USPS'sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthe

statusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedin

recentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization.

Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved---Democrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandthe

system'sheaviestusers一hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.Legislationismovingthroughthe

HousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornew

vehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanent

rateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthe

financialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintby

theUSPSanditsunion.

IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate-wheresomeoneisbound

topointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,not

comprehensivereform.There'snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionc