2021-2022學(xué)年江蘇省南京鼓樓區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期中統(tǒng)考英語試題第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AStayingpositivehasbeentoughinthepastyear.Sincethepandemicbegan,threetimesasmanyAmericanadultshavereportedcasesofanxietycomparedwith2019.Thankfully,herearethreewaystoimproveyourrelationshipwiththepersoninthemirror.EngageinSmarterSelf-talkInhislabattheUniversityofMichigan,KrossasksRepeataTaskYou'reGoodAtWhenCanadianpsychologistPatrickKeelan'shelpingpeoplewithlowself-respect,hesuggeststheyregularlytakepartinactivitiesthatuseorimprovetheirskills.Accordingtoa14-yearstudyof7,000volunteers,youcanincreaseyourself-respectateveryageifyouknowyoucandowellinwhatyouareinterestedin.LookbackWhilesomeresearchsuggestshappinessincreaseswithage,studiesalsosuggestthatself-respectreachesthehighestpointatage60,thenreduces.Ina2015studyfromIran,agroupofmenwholosttheirwives60andoversharedmemoriesoftheeventsandlifelessonsthathadshapedtheirlives.This“encouragedasenseofidentity（身份）andapositivecontributiontothenextgeneration,”theresearchersreported.So,lookbackbylookingthroughaphotoalbumwithlovedonesorplayingmusicthatremindsyouofmeaningfulmoments.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subjects”inparagraph2referto?A.Lessonsofferedintheuniversity.B.Modeshelpingsolvetheproblem.C.People(takingpartintheexperiment.)D.Researchersperformingtheexperiment.2.Whichwaywouldbehelpfulifanelderlostthebeloved?A.Thefirstone. B.Thesecondone. C.Thethirdone. D.None.3.Allthethreewaysare__________.A.science-backed B.advanced. C.challenging D.task-based【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在疫情期間和自己更好的相處的三種方式。【1題詳解】詞句猜測題。文章中本次出現(xiàn)的語境是研究者做實驗，這個詞含義是“實驗對象”，根據(jù)下文中的“talktothemselvesinthesecondperson,andtousetheirownname.”（讓他們用第二人稱自言自語），可知是指參加實驗的人。故選C項。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ina2015studyfromIran,agroupofmenwholosttheirwives60andoversharedmemoriesoftheeventsandlifelessonsthathadshapedtheirlives.This“encouragedasenseofidentity（身份）andapositivecontributiontothenextgeneration,”theresearchersreported.”（在伊朗2015年的一項研究中，一群60歲及以上失去妻子的男人分享了塑造他們生活的事件和人生教訓(xùn)的記憶。這“鼓勵了一種認(rèn)同感和對下一代的積極貢獻，”研究人員報告說）可知如果長者失去至愛，第三種方法Lookback對他們是有用的。故選C項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。第一種方法中提到了“Inhislab”（在他的實驗室里），第二種方法中提到“psychologist”（心理學(xué)家），第三種方法提到“studyfromIran”（伊朗的研究）。因此可知這三項都是有專業(yè)人士參加的，科學(xué)驗證的方法。故選A項?！军c睛】

BJoeClarkwasanon-traditionalhighschoolprincipal,whoseunusualwayofcarryingoutrulesbecamethesubjectofa1989Hollywoodmovie.HegainednationalattentionforhisleadershipatEastsideHighSchoolinPaterson,“Youarenotinferior.”iswhatClarkwouldoftentellhisstudents,manyofwhomwereAfricanAmericanorLatino.Theygrewupinadifficultenvironmentandfacedviolence,drugsandtroubledfamilylifewhichcouldpreventthemfromsucceedinginschoolandinlife.Beforebecominganeducator,ClarkservedintheU.S.AmyReserve.Hisexperiencemighthaveinfluencedhowheranhisschool.Hewasknowntowalkaroundwithabullhornandabaseballbat.InClark'sfirstdaysofworking,heexpelled300studentsforbreakingschoolrules.Thestudentswhoremainedatschoolbelievedthathigherexpectationswerebeingplacedonthem.Theyfeltmorepressuretoperformbetter.Somepraisedhiseffortsatdisciplinewhileotherscriticizedhismethods.PresidentRonaldReaganofferedClarkaWhiteHousepolicyadviserpositionafterhissuccessatthehighschool.In1988,oneteacher,saidhismethodsweremorelikebeinginalaborcampthanapublichighschool.In1989,actorMorganFreemanplayedClarkinthemovie“LeanonMe.”ThatmoviewasbasedonClark'sexperiencesatEastside.“Joewasafatherfiguretoschoolkid,”Freemansaid.“Hewasthebestofthebestintermsofeducation.”Recently,oneofJoeClark'sformerstudents,ThomasMcEntyresaid,“Ineverreallygotachanceto...thankhim.Weareyourproduct.Youdidnotfailus.Nomatterwhetheryoukickedmeout,youdidnotfailme.Youbetteredme."AfterheretiredfromEastsidein1989,Clarkwroteabookcalled“LayingDowntheLaw:JoeClark'sStrategyforSavingOurSchools.”HedescribedhowhemanagedtoturnEastsideHighfromafailingschoolintoasuccess.4.Bysaying“Youarenotinferior”tohisstudents,JoeClarkmeantto_________.A.makethestudentsfacethereality B.leadthestudentstoacceptthemselvesC.pressthestudentsnottomakemistakes D.encouragethestudentstobetterthemselves5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expelled”inparagraph3mean?A.Drewout. B.Kickedout. C.Broughtout. D.Smoothedout.6.WhocriticizedJoeClark?A.Thepresident B.Oneteacher. C.MorganFreeman. D.ThomasMcEntyre.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJoeClark?A.Toughandunique. B.Demandingandhumorous.CKindandconsiderate. D.Well-meaningandprofessional.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。JoeClark是一位非傳統(tǒng)的高中校長，他執(zhí)行規(guī)則的獨特方式成為1989年一部好萊塢電影的主題。他在新澤西州帕特森東區(qū)高中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力贏得了全國的關(guān)注。文章主要介紹了JoeClark是如何教育學(xué)生的以及他的教育特點?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段““Youarenotinferior.”iswhatClarkwouldoftentellhisstudents,manyofwhomwereAfricanAmericanorLatino.Theygrewupinadifficultenvironmentandfacedviolence,drugsandtroubledfamilylifewhichcouldpreventthemfromsucceedinginschoolandinlife.(“你并不低人一等”是Clark經(jīng)常對他的學(xué)生說的話，他的學(xué)生中有很多是非裔美國人或拉丁裔美國人。他們在困難的環(huán)境中長大，面臨暴力、毒品和麻煩的家庭生活，這些都可能阻礙他們在學(xué)校和生活中取得成功)”可推知，通過說“你并不比其他的學(xué)生差”，JoeClark的意思是鼓勵學(xué)生提高自己。故選D。【5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“300studentsforbreakingschoolrules”可知，300名違反校規(guī)的學(xué)生被Clark開除了。劃線詞意思是“開除”。A.Drewout.取出；B.Kickedout.解雇，開除；C.Broughtout.出版；D.Smoothedout.消除。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“In1988,oneteacher,saidhismethodsweremorelikebeinginalaborcampthanapublichighschool.(1988年，一位教師說，他的方法更像是在勞改營，而不是公立高中)”可知，一位老師批評了JoeClark。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“JoeClarkwasanon-traditionalhighschoolprincipal,whoseunusualwayofcarryingoutrulesbecamethesubjectofa1989Hollywoodmovie.(JoeClark是一位非傳統(tǒng)的高中校長，他執(zhí)行規(guī)則的獨特方式成為1989年一部好萊塢電影的主題)”以及第三段中“InClark'sfirstdaysofworking,heexpelled300studentsforbreakingschoolrules.Thestudentswhoremainedatschoolbelievedthathigherexpectationswerebeingplacedonthem.Theyfeltmorepressuretoperformbetter.(在Clark開始工作的頭幾天里，他開除了300名違反校規(guī)的學(xué)生。留在學(xué)校的學(xué)生認(rèn)為他們被寄予了更高的期望。為了表現(xiàn)得更好，他們感到了更多的壓力)”可推知，JoeClark強硬且獨特。故選A。CSocialmediaoftenreportconcernslikethespreadofmisinformation,hatespeech,andonlylisteningtopeoplethatyouagreewith.Thatiswhatwecallechochamber.Buthowcanwereallybreakitapart?Oneway,makefriends,especiallyfriendsofanotherrace.Iknowmostpeoplehavefewblackfriends.Manypeople,manywhitepeople,couldeasilygotheirwholeliveswithoutevergettingtoknowsomeoneofanotherrace,whichrequireseffort.Makinganewfriendisahardperiod.Makingafriendofanotherraceisharderyet.Youdon'thavecommonexperienceandinstantfriendship.And,forBlackpeople,goingoutofourwaytomakeawhitefriendrequirestrust.Andthisisnottosaythatwhitepeopleshouldgoseekoutstrangersoracquaintancesandsay,tellmeaboutyourBlackexperience.Donotdothat.That'snotfriendship.That'satrade.Realfriendshipmeansawillingnesstolistencarefully,andhaveyourviewschallenged,becausesourBlackfrienddoesn'tseetheworldthesamewayyoudo.It'sgoingtorequireyoutodotheimportantworkofearningandofferingtrust,sothat,ifyoumakeamistakeormisstep,youwillhavesomegoodwilltofallbackonevenbeforethat,itstartswithsteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone.Adifferentsocialcirclejustgoingtofallinyourlap.You'regoingtohavetothinkcarefullyaboutwhereyouliveandwhereyourchildrengotoschool,theactivitiesyoutakepartin.That'sbecauseit'sgoingtobeimpossibletocreateameaningfulconnectionwithsomeoneofanotherraceifyou'reonlyaroundpeoplewholooklikeyou.So,thesefriendshipsaregoingtorequireputtingactionsbehindintentions.8.Whatdoes“it”intheparagraph1referto?A.Hatespeech B.Echochamber C.Socialmedia. D.Wronginformation.9.Intheauthor'sopinion,__________.A.itisbeneficialtomakeafriendofanotherraceB.friendshipwiththeblackneedscommonexperienceC.mostpeoplearewillingtomakefriendsofanotherraceD.it'sunnecessaryforthewhitetomakefriendsofanotherrace10.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetogoingseekoutBlackstrangers?A.Unclear. B.Favorable. C.Unconcerned. D.Unfavorable.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoinginthelastparagraph?A.Countingonpeoplealike. B.Livingwithdifferentraces.C.SeeingeyetoeyewithourBlackfriends. D.Layingstressonactionsratherthanintentions.【答案】8B9.A10.D11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章中作者表達了自己對于和不同種族的人交朋友的看法和建議?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線上文“Socialmediaoftenreportconcernslikethespreadofmisinformation,hatespeech,andonlylisteningtopeoplethatyouagreewith.Thatiswhatwecallechochamber.Buthowcanwereallybreak”可知，社交媒體經(jīng)常報道一些擔(dān)憂，比如錯誤信息的傳播、仇恨言論以及只聽自己贊同的人的話。這就是我們所說的回音室。但我們怎么才能把回音室打破呢？it指的是“回音室”。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Realfriendshipmeansawillingnesstolistencarefully,andhaveyourviewschallenged,becausesourBlackfrienddoesn'tseetheworldthesamewayyoudo.It'sgoingtorequireyoutodotheimportantworkofearningandofferingtrust,sothat,ifyoumakeamistakeormisstep,youwillhavesomegoodwilltofallbackonevenbeforethat,itstartswithsteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone.(真正的友誼意味著愿意認(rèn)真傾聽，愿意接受挑戰(zhàn)，因為黑人朋友看世界的方式和你不一樣。它將要求你做重要的工作，贏得和提供信任，這樣，如果你犯了錯誤或失策，你就會有一些好的意愿可以依靠，甚至在那之前，它開始走出你的舒適區(qū))”可知，在作者看來，結(jié)交其他種族的朋友是有益的。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Andthisisnottosaythatwhitepeopleshouldgoseekoutstrangersoracquaintancesandsay,tellmeaboutyourBlackexperience.Donotdothat.That'snotfriendship.That'satrade.(這并不是說白人應(yīng)該去找陌生人或熟人說，告訴我你的黑人經(jīng)歷。不要那樣做。這不是友誼。這是一個交易)”可推知，作者對去尋找黑人陌生人的態(tài)度是不支持。故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Realfriendshipmeansawillingnesstolistencarefully,andhaveyourviewschallenged,becausesourBlackfrienddoesn'tseetheworldthesamewayyoudo.It'sgoingtorequireyoutodotheimportantworkofearningandofferingtrust,sothat,ifyoumakeamistakeormisstep,youwillhavesomegoodwilltofallbackonevenbeforethat,itstartswithsteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone.Adifferentsocialcirclejustgoingtofallinyourlap.You'regoingtohavetothinkcarefullyaboutwhereyouliveandwhereyourchildrengotoschool,theactivitiesyoutakepartin.That'sbecauseit'sgoingtobeimpossibletocreateameaningfulconnectionwithsomeoneofanotherraceifyou'reonlyaroundpeoplewholooklikeyou.So,thesefriendshipsaregoingtorequireputtingactionsbehindintentions.(真正的友誼意味著愿意認(rèn)真傾聽，愿意接受挑戰(zhàn)，因為黑人朋友看世界的方式和你不一樣。它將要求你做重要的工作，準(zhǔn)備并提供信任，這樣，如果你犯了錯誤或失策，你就會有一些善意可以依靠。甚至在那之前，你就要走出你的舒適區(qū)。一個不同的社交圈馬上就會出現(xiàn)在你面前。你必須仔細(xì)考慮你住在哪里，你的孩子在哪里上學(xué)，你參加了什么活動。這是因為，如果你周圍的人都長得像你，那你就不可能和另一個種族的人建立有意義的聯(lián)系。所以，這些友誼需要把行動放在意圖之后)”可知，作者在最后一段建議與不同種族生活在一起。故選B。DChinahassetnewruleslimitingtheamountoftimechildrencanplayonlinegames.Therulesitchildrentojustthreehoursofonlinegameplayingaweek.Thatisonehourbetween8p.m.and9p.m.onFridaySaturdayandSundaymostweeks.LiZhanguohastwochildrenaged4and8.Eventhoughtheydonothavesmartphones,theyenjoyplayingonlinegames.Likemanyotherparents,Liishappywithnewgovernmentrules.Butexpertssayitisunclearifsuchpoliciescanhelppreventaddictiontoonlinegames.Childrenmightjustgetaddictedtosocialmediainstead.Intheend,expertssay,parentsshouldbetheonestosetlimitsandsupportgoodpractices.TherehasbeenagrowingconcerninChinaaboutgamingaddictionamongchildren.Governmentreportsin2018foundthataboutonein10ChinesechildrenwereaddictedtotheInternet.Thenewrulesarepartofanefforttopreventyoungpeoplefromspendingtoomuchtimeonunhealthyentertainment.Thatincludeswhatofficialscallthe“irrationalfanculture”.Underthenewrules,theresponsibilityformakingsurechildrenplayonlythreehoursadayaslargelyonChinesegamingcompanieslikeNetEaseandTencent.Companieshavesetupreal-nameregistrationsystemstopreventyoungusersfromgoingpastgametimelimits.Theyhaveusedfacialrecognitiontechnologytochecktheiridentities.Andtheyhavealsosetupaprogramthatpermitspeopletoreportwhatisagainstthelaw.Itisunclearwhatpunishmentsgamingcompaniesmayfaceiftheydonotcarryoutthepolicies.Andevenifsuchpoliciesareperformed,itisalsounclearwhethertheycanpreventonlineaddiction.Aspecialisttreatinginternetaddictionexpectsabout20percentofchildrenwillfindwaystobreaktherulesbyborrowingaccountsoftheirolderrelativesandfindawayaroundfacialrecognition.Inhisopinion,short-videoappssuchasDouyinandTikTokarealsoverypopularinChina.Theyarenotunderthesamerestrictionsasgames.12.Whencanchildrenplaygamesaccordingtothenewrules?A.Between8p.m.and9p.monFriday. B.Between8p.m.and9p.monTuesday.C.Between10p.m.and11p.m.onSaturday. D.Between10p.m.and11p.m.onThursday.13.Accordingtoexperts,_________.A.thenewrulescanstopchildren'saddictiontosocialmediaB.companiesaremoreresponsibleforkids'obeyingtherulesC.thenewruleswillhelppreventchildrenplayingonlinegamesD.parentsplayagreaterpartinlimitingthetimeofonlinegames14.Whatwillchildrenprobablydotobattlewiththenewrules?A.Designanadvancedprogram. B.Usefacialrecognitionsystems.C.Setupreal-nameregistrationsystems. D.Borrowaccountsoftheirolderrelatives.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RulesLimitingShort-videoApps. B.RulesLimitingVideoGameTime.C.RulesBanningIrrationalFanCulture. D.RulesBreakingAdditiontoSocialMedia.【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要說明了中國出臺新規(guī)，限制兒童玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的時間，介紹了制定這一新規(guī)的原因以及限制孩子使用手機時長仍然面臨的問題?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Therulesitchildrentojustthreehoursofonlinegameplayingaweek.Thatisonehourbetween8p.m.and9p.m.onFriday,SaturdayandSundaymostweeks.(規(guī)則規(guī)定孩子們每周只能玩三個小時的網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。即周五、周六和周日晚上8點到9點之間的一個小時)”可知，根據(jù)新規(guī)定，孩子們星期五晚上8點到9點之間可以玩游戲。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Intheend,expertssay,parentsshouldbetheonestosetlimitsandsupportgoodpractices.(最后，專家說，父母應(yīng)該是設(shè)定限制和支持好的做法的人)”可知，據(jù)專家介紹，父母在限制玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的時間上起著很大的作用。故選D。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Aspecialisttreatinginternetaddictionexpectsabout20percentofchildrenwillfindwaystobreaktherulesbyborrowingaccountsoftheirolderrelativesandfindawayaroundfacialrecognition.(一位治療網(wǎng)癮的專家預(yù)計，大約20%的兒童會通過借用長輩的賬戶來打破規(guī)則，并找到面部識別的方法)”可知，孩子們可能會借他們年長親戚的賬戶來對抗新規(guī)定。故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Chinahassetnewruleslimitingtheamountoftimechildrencanplayonlinegames.Therulesitchildrentojustthreehoursofonlinegameplayingaweek.Thatisonehourbetween8p.m.and9p.m.onFriday,SaturdayandSundaymostweeks.(中國出臺新規(guī)，限制兒童玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的時間。規(guī)則規(guī)定孩子們每周只能玩三個小時的網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。即周五、周六和周日晚上8點到9點之間的一個小時)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了中國出臺新規(guī)，限制兒童玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的時間，介紹了制定這一新規(guī)的原因以及限制孩子使用手機時長仍然面臨的問題?？芍?，B選項“限制電子游戲時間的規(guī)定”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theclothesyouwear.Thefoodyoueat.Thecolorofyourbedroomwalls.Whereyougoandhowyougetthere.Thepeopleyouhangaroundwith.Whattineyougotobed.Whatdothesethingshaveincommon?You'reasking._____16_____Asakid,youdidn'thaveasayineverything;yourparentsmadedecisionsabouteverythingfromthecerealyouateinthemorningtothepajamasyouworeatnight._____17_____Kidsneedthiskindofprotectionontheirown.Butfinally,kidsgrowupandbecometeens.Andpartofbeingateenisdevelopingyourownidentity-onethatisseparatedfromyourparents.Butasyouchangeandgrowintothisnewpersonwhomakesyourowndecisions，yourparentshaveadifficulttimeadjusting._____18_____Andissueslikethetypeoffriendsyouhaveoryourattitudestopartyingcancausebiggerargument,becauseyourparentsstillalwayswanttoprotectyouandkeepyousafe,nomatterhowoldyouare.Thegoodnewsisthatinmanyfamiliesthearguingwilllessenastheirparentsgetmorecomfortablewiththeideathattheirteenshavearighttocertainopinions.Itcantakeseveralyearsforparentsandteenstoadjusttotheirnewrole,though._____19_____Sometimesthiscanfeelimpossible-liketheyjustdon'tseeyourpointofviewandneverwill.Buttalkingandexpressingyouropinionscanhelpyougainmorerespectfromyourparents.Keepinmind,too,thatyourparentswereteensonce._____20_____A.Andit'sagoodthing,too.B.Meanwhilefocusoncommunicatingwithyourparents.C.So,inmostcases,theycanrelatetowhatyouaregoingthrough.D.Sodon'tbeshytosharetheseannoyingproblemswithyourparents.E.Inmanyfamilies,thisadjustmentcancausealotoffightingbetweenteensandparents.F.Therearealwaysargumentsaboutvariousthingsbetweenyouandyourparentsindailylife.G.They'rejustafewexamplesofmanyhundredsofthingsthatyourparentscontrolledforyou.【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.B20.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了父母為孩子控制數(shù)百件事情，但當(dāng)孩子改變并成長為一個可以自己做決定的人時，父母很難適應(yīng)。對此文章提出了幾點父母和孩子在此階段相處的建議。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theclothesyouwear.Thefoodyoueat.Thecolorofyourbedroomwalls.Whereyougoandhowyougetthere.Thepeopleyouhangaroundwith.Whattineyougotobed.Whatdothesethingshaveincommon?You'reasking.(你穿的衣服。你吃的食物。臥室墻壁的顏色。你要去哪里，怎么去。和你在一起的人。你幾點鐘上床睡覺？你要問這些事情有什么共同之處？)”可知，上文列舉了一系列父母控制孩子生活的事例，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)總結(jié)回答上文的問題，故G選項“他們只是你父母為你控制的數(shù)百件事情中的幾個例子”符合語境，故選G。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Asakid,youdidn'thaveasayineverything;yourparentsmadedecisionsabouteverythingfromthecerealyouateinthemorningtothepajamasyouworeatnight.(作為一個孩子，你對任何事情都沒有發(fā)言權(quán)；你的父母為你做所有的決定，從你早上吃的麥片到你晚上穿的睡衣)”以及后文“Kidsneedthiskindofprotectionontheirown.(孩子們自己也需要這種保護)”可知，后文提到孩子自己也需要父母的保護，可見父母為孩子做所有的決定其實也是一件事。故A選項“這也是一件好事”符合語境，故選A。【18題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Andissueslikethetypeoffriendsyouhaveoryourattitudestopartyingcancausebiggerargument,becauseyourparentsstillalwayswanttoprotectyouandkeepyousafe,nomatterhowoldyouare.(你的朋友類型或你對聚會的態(tài)度等問題會引起更大的爭論，因為你的父母總是想保護你，保護你的安全，不管你多大)”可知，后文提到父母和孩子會發(fā)生爭論的情況，E選項中fighting對應(yīng)后文中argument。故E選項“在許多家庭中，這種調(diào)整會導(dǎo)致青少年和父母之間發(fā)生很多爭吵”符合語境，故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thegoodnewsisthatinmanyfamiliesthearguingwilllessenastheirparentsgetmorecomfortablewiththeideathattheirteenshavearighttocertainopinions.Itcantakeseveralyearsforparentsandteenstoadjusttotheirnewrole,though.(好消息是，在許多家庭中，爭吵會減少，因為他們的父母對他們的孩子有權(quán)利發(fā)表某些意見的想法變得更自在了。然而，父母和青少年可能需要幾年的時間來適應(yīng)他們的新角色)”可知，上文提到父母會對孩子有權(quán)發(fā)表意見的想法變得自在，但父母和青少年可能需要幾年的時間來適應(yīng)他們的新角色，可知本句應(yīng)當(dāng)承接上文說明要適應(yīng)應(yīng)該采取的方法，且下文“Buttalkingandexpressingyouropinionscanhelpyougainmorerespectfromyourparents.”（但是談?wù)摵捅磉_你的觀點可以幫助你從父母那里獲得更多的尊重）也在講青少年與父母的溝通這一問題，故B選項“同時，注重與父母的溝通”符合語境，故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sometimesthiscanfeelimpossible-liketheyjustdon'tseeyourpointofviewandneverwill.Buttalkingandexpressingyouropinionscanhelpyougainmorerespectfromyourparents.Keepinmind,too,thatyourparentswereteensonce.(有時這感覺是不可能的——就好像他們不明白你的觀點，永遠也不會明白。但是談?wù)摵捅磉_你的觀點可以幫助你從你的父母那里獲得更多的尊重。記住，你的父母也曾是青少年)”可知，上文提到父母也曾經(jīng)是青少年，故本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出父母也可以與孩子的經(jīng)歷相關(guān)，C選項中they對應(yīng)上文parents。故C選項“所以，在大多數(shù)情況下，他們可以與你正在經(jīng)歷的有關(guān)”符合語境，故選C。第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。In1939,Miriamshouldhavestartedfirstgrade.____21____shespentthatyear—andthefollowingfive—tryingto____22____Decadeslater,though,thenow-89-year-oldHolocaustsurvivorfinallygotsomethingshehadalwaysbeen____23____for:ahighschooldiploma(文憑)Miriamshowedher____24____thatshehadneverhadaskedaJewishhighschoolwhethertheywould____25____itsgraduationceremony.Theprincipalpassedthe____26____ontothestudents.HebroughtafewseniorstoMiriam'shometohearherstory.Miriam'slifewasgooduntilWorldWarIIstarted.Miriamandherfamilyspentmonths____27____fromtheNazis,runninginacontinuousstateoffear.Soonafter,thefamilywas____28____campinSiberia.MiriamwasnotfreeduntilMarch1946—nearlyayearafterthewarended.SheandherremainingfamilymemberswenttoacampinGermany.Theyrebuilttheir____29____inwhateverwaytheycould.Gettingaformaleducationwasneveranoptionforher.Sheandherhusband____30____theirtwosonstoschool,thusgivingthemopportunitiestheyneverhad.Thetwosons____31____theirmother.SodidthestudentswhoheardMiriam'sstory.Theyhadaclassmeetinganddiscussedhowto____32____OnAugust16,duringa(n)____33____intheschoolgym,Miriamwasgivenahighschooldeplomaformally.AllherfamilyandmembersoftheJewishcommunitywatchedwith____34____.Wearinghercapandgown,shewalkedtotheplatform.She____35____madeit!21.A.Instead B.Fortunately C.Immediately D.Besides22A.work B.survive C.advance D.volunteer23.A.sorry B.grateful C.anxious D.responsible24.A.argument B.concern C.pressure D.disappointment25.A.consider B.enjoy C.suggest D.imagine26.A.case B.option. C.question D.diploma27.A.gathering B.hiding C.recovering D.benefiting28.A.atracted B.contributed C.exchanged D.transported29.A.accounts B.functions C.lives D.relationships30.A.focusedon B.roseto C.livedupto D.letgoof31.A.comforted B.admired C.calmed D.equaled32.A.contact B.judge C.view D.honour33.A.performance B.adventure C.emergency D.ceremony34.A.pride B.interest C.reflection D.tension35.A.individually B.finally C.normally D.independently【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.C27.B28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.D34.A35.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了現(xiàn)年89歲的大屠殺幸存者Miriam終于獲得了高中文憑的事情。【21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，她花了那一年——以及接下來的五年——努力生存。A.Instead相反；B.Fortunately幸運地；C.Immediately立即；D.Besides此外。根據(jù)上文“In1939,Miriamshouldhavestartedfirstgrade.”可知，Miriam本來應(yīng)該上一年級，結(jié)果相反，她花了那一年——以及接下來的五年——努力生存。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，她花了那一年——以及接下來的五年——努力生存。A.work工作；B.survive幸存；C.advance進步；D.volunteer志愿。呼應(yīng)后文“Holocaustsurvivor”指努力生存。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾十年后，這位現(xiàn)年89歲的大屠殺幸存者終于得到了她一直渴望的東西：高中文憑。A.sorry遺憾的；B.grateful感激的；C.anxious渴望的，焦急的；D.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的。根據(jù)后文“ahighschooldiploma”可知高中文憑是她渴望的東西。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Miriam很失望，因為她從來沒有問過一所猶太高中是否考慮他們的畢業(yè)典禮。A.argument爭論；B.concern關(guān)心；C.pressure壓力；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)后文“shehadneverhadaskedaJewishhighschoolwhethertheywould”可知她從來沒有問過一所猶太高中是否考慮他們的畢業(yè)典禮，所以對此失望。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Miriam很失望，因為她從來沒有問過一所猶太高中是否考慮他們的畢業(yè)典禮。A.consider考慮；B.enjoy欣賞；C.suggest建議；D.imagine想象。根據(jù)后文“itsgraduationceremony”指考慮舉行畢業(yè)典禮。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：校長把問題傳給了學(xué)生們。A.case情況；B.option選擇；C.question問題；D.diploma文憑。呼應(yīng)上文“whethertheywould”指是否舉行畢業(yè)典禮的問題。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Miriam和她的家人花了幾個月的時間躲避納粹，在持續(xù)不斷的恐懼中奔跑。A.gathering聚集；B.hiding隱藏；C.recovering恢復(fù)；D.benefiting有益。根據(jù)后文“fromtheNazis”指躲避納粹。故選B。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不久之后，這家人被轉(zhuǎn)移到西伯利亞的營地。A.attracted吸引；B.contributed貢獻；C.exchanged交換；D.transported運輸。根據(jù)后文“campinSiberia”可知這家人被轉(zhuǎn)移到西伯利亞的營地。故選D。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們千方百計地重建了自己的生活。A.accounts賬戶；B.functions功能；C.lives居??；D.relationships關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“SheandherremainingfamilymemberswenttoacampinGermany.”可知他們?nèi)チ说聡_始在那里重建生活。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她和丈夫?qū)Ｐ淖寖蓚€兒子上學(xué)，從而給了他們從未有過的機會。A.focusedon集中于；B.roseto上升；C.livedupto不辜負(fù)；D.letgoof放手。根據(jù)后文“theirtwosonstoschool,thusgivingthemopportunitiestheyneverhad”可知Miriam和丈夫?qū)Ｐ淖寖蓚€兒子上學(xué)，從而給了他們從未有過的機會。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩個兒子都很欽佩他們的母親。A.comforted安慰；B.admired欽佩；C.calmed平靜；D.equaled等于。結(jié)合后文“SodidthestudentswhoheardMiriam'sstory.”以及Miriam終于得到了自己的高中文憑，可推測兒子們很欽佩母親。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們開了班會，討論了如何授予榮譽。A.contact聯(lián)系；B.judge判斷；C.view觀點；D.honour榮譽。呼應(yīng)后文“Miriamwasgivenahighschooldiplomaformally.”指討論了如何給Miriam授予榮譽。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：8月16日，在學(xué)校體育館舉行的儀式上，Miriam正式獲得了高中文憑。A.performance表演；B.adventure冒險；C.emergency緊急情況；D.ceremony儀式。呼應(yīng)上文“itsgraduationceremony”指舉行畢業(yè)儀式。故選D。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她所有的家人和猶太社區(qū)的成員都驕傲地看著。A.pride自豪；B.interest興趣；C.reflection反射；D.tension緊張。根據(jù)上文“Miriamwasgivenahighschooldiplomaformally.”可知，Miriam正式獲得了高中畢業(yè)證書，所以她所有的家人和猶太社區(qū)的成員都驕傲地看著。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她終于成功了。A.individually個別地；B.finally終于；C.normally正常地；D.independently獨立地。結(jié)合上文可知，經(jīng)過了這么多年，Miriam終于獲得了高中文憑。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）語法填空Solarterms,alsocalledJieqiinChinese,are24specialdaysinthetraditionalChinesecalendar,_____36_____(know)asthe“fifthgreatinvention”ofChina,solartermsshowtheChinesewisdomofdividingtime.Solartermsfirst______37______(appear)over2,500yearsago.TheYellowRiverBasin,isthecradleofthem______38______(original),theregionwasChina’smajorpolitical,economic,culturalandagriculturalcenter.UntiltheWesternHanDynasty,the24solartermswerewellestablished.Createdbyfarmers,24solarterms______39______(use)toguidefarminginancientChina,____40____indicatecertainchangesinseasonsandclimate.Inancienttimes,thesesolartermsallowedfarmstoknowwhatconditions______41______(expect)andwhatfarming_______42_______(active)tocarryoutduringdifferentperiodofayear.What'smore,mostofthesolartermshaverichsocialandculturalmeanings.Forexample,peopleeatpearsontheWakingofInsectsanddumplingsontheWinterSolstice.Today,inthetimeofmodernfarming,traditionalsolartermsremain______43______(importance).Theyremindusthatnatureischanging_____44_____itsrate,andtheyreflecttherelationshipbetweenhumansandnaturein_______45_______understandingofChinesepeople.【答案】36.known37.appeared38.originally39.areused40.which41.tobeexpected42.actively43.important44.for45.the【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國的節(jié)氣，介紹了節(jié)氣的起源以及發(fā)展和重要性。【36題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：節(jié)氣是中國傳統(tǒng)歷法中24個特殊的日子，被稱為中國的“第五項偉大發(fā)明”，節(jié)氣顯示了中國人劃分時間的智慧。結(jié)合句意表示“被稱為……”可知短語為beknownas，此處省略be動詞，用過去分詞作狀語。故填known?！?7題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：節(jié)氣最早出現(xiàn)在2500多年前。根據(jù)后文over2,500yearsago可知用一般過去時。故填appeared?！?8題詳解】考查副詞。句意：黃河流域，起初是他們的搖籃，該地區(qū)是中國主要的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化和農(nóng)業(yè)中心。修飾謂語動詞應(yīng)用副詞originally，作狀語。故填originally?！?9題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：由農(nóng)民創(chuàng)造的24節(jié)氣是中國古代用來指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)的，它們表示季節(jié)和氣候的某些變化。此處主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且陳述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語為24solarterms，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填areused?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：由農(nóng)民創(chuàng)造的24節(jié)氣是中國古代用來指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)的，它們表示季節(jié)和氣候的某些變化。此處為非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞24solarterms，先行詞在從句中作主語，指物，用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故填which?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在古代，這些節(jié)氣可以讓農(nóng)場知道在一年的不同時期應(yīng)該有什么條件，應(yīng)該積極開展什么耕作。此處為“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語，且condition與expect構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用tobedone形式。故填tobeexpected?！?2題詳解