2023全國職稱英語等級考試全真模擬試題.理工類_A級（三）

一、詞匯選項（共15題，共15.。分）

下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子背

面所給歐I4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近日勺詞或短語。答案一律涂在

答題卡對應(yīng)的位置上。

1.Laserbeamscanbeusedtoboremetalsandotherhardmateria1s.

[A]trim[B]melt[C]drill[D]slice

2.ThecostofelectionsintheUnitedStatesisbornebyboththeg

overnmentandtheprivatesector.

[A]known[B]fought[C]exposed[D]assumed

3.Acknowledgedasthemaincauseofhayfeverthepollenofragweedisvery

bothersome.

[A]intriguing[B]annoying[C]potent[D]significant

4.Theygotinquiteabrawl.

[A]snit[B]fight[C]ba11y[D]littering

5.Byprovidinglegalrepresentation,theAmericanCivi1LibertiesUnion

workstodefendcitizensagainstbreachesoftheircivilrights.

[A]branches[B]exercises[C]perusals[D]violations

6.Thefirststepinplanningamarketingstrategyforanewproductisto

analyzetheb「eakdownofsalesfiguresforcompetitiveproducts.

?[A]decreasein[B]reorderingof[C]itemizationo

f[D]coIlapsein

7.Thebricklayerisworkingonthehousetoday.

?[A]carpenter[B]plumber[C]electrician[D]mason

8.Brilliant1ycoloredflowersattractinsects.

?[A]Delicately[B]Sensibly[C]Harmonious1y[D]Brightly

9.Onthebrinkofmatrimony,hefledtoadesertisland.

?[A]ship[B]proposal[C]edge[D]evasion

10.Definedmostbroadly,folk1oreincludesa11thecustoms,beliefsan

dtraditionsthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.

?[A]faneifully[B]liberally[C]quaintly[D]dry1y

11.MariaChapman,abolitionistandc1oseassociateofWi11iamL1oyedGarr

ison,wrotemanybrochurescondemningsiavery.

?[A]slogans[B]shortpoems[C]sentiments[D]shortpam

phiets

12.It'sevidentthatherhand1ingofthemhasbruisedthepeaches.

?[A]promulgated[B]infatuated[C]damaged[D]infuriate

13.Messalina'snamehasbeeomeabywordfornotoriousbehavior.

?[A]anepithet[B]anabstraction[C]anindication[D]an

oration

14.ThecaliberofF.ScottFitzgerald,swritingwasreassessedby1iterarycri

ticsinthe1950's.

?[A]idealism[B]creativity[C]quality[D]imagery

15.Peop1efishingonalakemustwaitcalmlysoasnottoscarethefish

away.

?[A]considerately[B]hungri1y[C]alertly[D]quietly

二、閱讀判斷（共7題，共7.0分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。假如該

句提供的是對口勺信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑；假如該句提供的|是錯誤信息,請在答題卡上

把B涂黑；假如該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。

LearningDisorder-Dyslexia

Asmanyas20%ofal1chi1drenintheUnitedStates

sufferfromsomeformofthelearningdisorderca11eddyslexia,AE

xpertsondyslexiasaythattheprob1emisnotadisease.Theysay

thatpersonswithdyslexiauseinformationinadifferentway.

Oneoftheworld,sgreatthinkersandscientistsAlbertEinstein

wasdyslexic.Einsteinsaidthatheneverthoughtinwordstheway

thatmostpeopledo.Hesaidthathethoughtinpicturesinstead.

TheAmericaninventorThomasEdisonwasalsodyslexic.Dys1ex

iafirstwasrecognizedinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmoret

han80yearsago.Manyyearspassedbeforedoctorsdiscoveredt

hatpersonswiththedisorderwerenotmentallyslowor

disabled.Thedoctorsfoundthatthebrainsofpersonswith

dyslexiaaredifferent.Inmostpeopie,theleftsideofthebrain-the

partthatcontro1slanguage-is1argerthantherightside.Inper

sonswithdyslexia,therightsideofthebrainis

bigger.Doctorsarenotsurewhatcausesthisdifference.However,

researchhasshownthatdyslexiaismorecommoninmalesthaninf

emales,anditisfoundmoreofteninpersonswhoareleft-handed.

Nooneknowsthecauseofdyslexia,butsomescientistsbelievethati

tmayresuitfromchemicalchangesinababyTsbodylongbefo

reitisborn.Theyaretryingtofindwaystoteachpersonswithd

yslexiaDyslexicpersonsthinkdifferentlyandneedspecialkindso

fteachinghelp.Aftertheyhavesolvedtheirprob1emswith

language,theyoftenshowthemseIvestobeespeciallyintelligentor

ereative.

16OneoutoffiveAmericanchi1drensuffersfromdys1exia.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned

17.Manygreatthinkersandscientistsintheworldaredysl

exic.

?[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned

18.ThefirstcasesofdyslexiainEuropewerediscoveredlessth

anacenturyago.

?[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned

19.The1eftsideofthebraininadyslexicpersonisbiggertha

ntherightside.

?[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned

20.Generallyspeaking,dyslexiaismorecommoninleft-handedm

alesthaninright-handedfema1es.

?[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned

21.Itisbe1ievedthatdyslexiaisrelatedtothebadhabits

ofababsmother.

?[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned

22.Dyslexicpeop1eoftenturnouttobeinte1ligentorcreati

veoncetheyhavelearnedtohandlelanguageproperly.

?[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned

三、概括大意與完畢句子（共8題，共8.0分）

閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題規(guī)定從所給的6個選項中為第

1?4段每段選擇1個對的的小標題；（2）第27?30題規(guī)定從所給的6個選項中選擇4個對

的選項,分別完畢每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡對應(yīng)的位置上。

HowtoLearnLanguageSuccessfu11y

1Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearning1anguages.

Theycanpickupnewvocabulary,masterrulesorgrammar,and1earnt

owriteinthenew1anguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonot

seemtobeanymoreinte11igentthanothers,sowhatmakeslanguage

learningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeac1oselo

okatthesesuccessfullanguagelearners,wemaydiscoverafewo

fthetechniqueswhichmakelanguage1earningeasierforthem.

2Firstofall,successfullanguage1earnersareindependent

learners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher；theydi

scovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingforthe

teachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherule

sforthemseIves.Theyaregoodguesterswholookforcluesand

formtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong,they

guessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.3-ASUCCessful1angu

agelearningisactive1earning.Therefore,successfu11earnersd

onotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;they1ookforsuch

achance.Theyfindpeop1ewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthes

epeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywi11

tryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhat

theyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakes

andtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinfo

rmationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantfor

themtolearntothinkinthe1anguagethantoknowthem

eaningofeveryworid.-^4Fina1ly,successful1anguage1earne

rsarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelangu

agebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeopiew

hospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthe1anguageinorderto

communicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfind

iteasytopracticeusingthe1anguageregularlybecausetheywant

to1earnwithit.

5Whatkindof1anguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfu

1language1earner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependentl

y,actively,andpurposefu11y.Ontheotherhand,ifyourlan

guage1earninghasbeenlessthansuecessfu1,youmightaswe11

trysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.

23Paragraph1

24.Paragraph2

25.Paragraph3

26.Paragraph4

?[A]WaystoLearnaLanguageSuccessfu1ly

?[B]LearningaLanguagePurposefu11y

?[C]LearningaLanguageActively

?[D]LearningaLanguageIndependently

?[E]LearningfromMistakes

?[F]LearningtoThinkintheTargetLanguage

27.Successful1anguage1earnersderiveconelusions

28.Independent1anguage1earnersrelyonthemselves

29.Active1anguagelearnersseizeeveryopportunity

30.Theauthorwrotethistext

[A]todiscoversenteneepatternsandgrammatica1rules

[B]toexpandvocabu1ary

[C]tousethetarget1anguage

[D]toencourageunsuccessfu1language1earnerstolearni

ndependent1y,activelyandpurposefully

?[E]fromclues

?[F]tosaystrangethings

四、閱讀理解（共15題，共45.0分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題背面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文

回答其背面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡對應(yīng)的位置上。

RenewableEnergySources

Todaypetroleumprovidesaround40%oftheworld'senergy

needs,mostiyfuellingautomobiles.Coalissti11used,mostlyin

powerstations,tocoverone-quarterofourenergyneeds,butit

istheleastefficient,unhea1thiestandmostenvironmentally

damagingfossilfuel.NaturalgasreservescouIdplugsomeofthe

gapfromoi1,butreservesofthatwil1notlastintothe22ndcent

uryeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyacces

siblereserveswithin50years.Wecouldfastreachanenergycris

is.Weneedtorapid1ydevelopsustainableso1utionstofuelourfu

ture.Less-poilutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorep

ractica1long-termenergysolution.Theymaybenefittheworl

d'spoortoo."Renewable“referstothefactthattheseresou

rcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanberep1aced.aTheChi

neseandRomansusedwatermillsover2023yearsago.Butthef

irsthydroelectriedamwasbuiltinEnglandin1870.Hydroe1e

ctriepowerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewab1eenergy,supplyin

garound20%ofworIdelectricity.China'sThreeGorgesDam,

whichhasjustbeencompleted,isthelargestever.Atfivetimest

hesizeoftheUS'sHooverDam,its26turbineswillgeneratet

heequivalentenergyof18coa1-firedpowerstations.Itwi11sa

tisfy3%ofChina,sentireelectricitydemand.Surprisingly,s

omearguethathydroelectricdamssignificant1ycontributegreen

housegases.

In2023,thefirstcommercia1powerstationtoharness

tidalcurrentsintheopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesigned

likewindmill,butotherstaketheformofturbines.AASp

ricesfall,windpowerhasbecomethefastestgrowingtype

ofe1ectricitygeneration-quadruplingworldwidebetween1999and

2023.Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelec

tricity.Thoughitwi11bemoreexpensive,thereismorethan

enoughwindtoprovidetheworld,entireenergyneeds.Windf

armscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.Theycanoftenendupatsp

otsofnatura1beauty,andareoftenunpopularwithresident

s.Andturbinesarenottotallybenign一theycaninterferewith

radarand1eaveasignificanteco1ogicalfootprint,a1tering

climateandkillingseabirds.Migratingbirdsmayhavemoreluckav

oidingthemScotlandisbuildingEuropeJslargestwindfarm,

whichwillpower200,000homes.TheUK'sgoalistogenerateone

—fifthofpowerfromrenewablesources,main1ywind,by2023.Bu

tthismaycauseprob1ems,becausewindisunreliab1e.

31.Whataretheenergyresourcesthatarenotrenewableaccording

tothearticle?

?[A]Petroleumandcoal.

?[B]Naturalgas.

?[C]Windandwater.

?[D]AandB.

32.China'sThreeGorgesDam

?[A]isthefirsthydroelectricdamintheworid.

?[B]isofthesamesizeoftheUS'sHooverDam.

?[C]isthelargestofa11thehydroe1ectricdamsinthew

orid.

[D]suppliesaround20%oftheworldelectricity.

33.Whichisthecountrywiththefirstcommercialpowerstationt

hatmakesuseofoceancurrentsproducedbytides.

?[A]China.

?[B]Norway.

?[C]England.

?[D]America.

34.Whichofthefoilowingstatementsistrueofwindpower?

?[A]Thereispientyofwindtoprovidetheworld'sent

ireenergyneeds.

?[B]Itisthemostrapid1ygrowingtypeofelectricityproducti

on.

?[C]Itmaynotbereliab1e.

?[D]Alloftheabove.

35.Accordingtotheartic1e,resourcessuchaswind

?[A]aresustainab1ebutnotrep1aceable.

?[B]arerenewablesosustainable.

?[C]aresustainablesorenewable.

?[D]areirrep1aceable.

ImmigrationandProblems

Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplesupportingimmigrationri

ghtsintheUSfilledstreetsalloverAmericainearly202

3.ManyheldsignsandAmericanflagsandaskedtobetreatedasc

itizens-notcriminaIs.Manyofthesesupported1egis1ation

fromSenatorJohnMcCainthatwouldopenapathtocitizenshipt

oimmigrantswhowerealreadyinthecountryillegaily.Proposed

legislationfromotherpoliticianscalledforstrictermeasur

es-includingroundingupundocumentedimmigrantsandsendingth

embacktotheirhomecountries,aCanadianofficia1s

saythatimmigrationapp1icationscontinuetorise.Somewantto

keepthedoorsopen.Theyneedthelabor.About400,000immigrants

werea11owedintothecountryin2023,accordingtotheCanadian

Governmentstatistics.However,a11thisgrowthmeansthatciti

esneedtoadapt.Newcomersdon'taIwaysmakeasmoothtransi

tionintojobsforwhichtheyareskilled.Soindustriesareus

ingmentoringprogramstohelpnewimmigrantsfindproperjo

bs.

WiththelargenumbersofundocumentedAfricanimmigrants

arrivingintheCanaryIsiandsandshowingnosignofabating,t

heSpanishGovernmenthasdecidedtogettough.Therewi11benom

oremassamnestiesforillegal,andanyonecomingtoSpainwithout

permissionwillbesentback,thegovernmenthasannounced.Abo

ut23,000migrants1andedontheislandsin2023,andriots

haveeruptedinsomecrowdedreceptioncenters.Thishaspromoted

localauthoritiestoappea1totheUnitedNationsforhel

J

p.AFrancesnewimmigrationandintegration1awgiv

esthegovernmentnewpowerstoencouragehigh-skilledmigration.

Ittakeseffectin2023.Thenewlawauthorizesthegovernmentt

oidentifyparticu1arprofessionswhereFraneehasata1ent

shortage.Thenthegovernmentwillhelptheseidentifiedemp

1oyersfindimmigrantworkerswithneededski11sorqualific

ations.Theselectedforeignemp1oyeeswillbegranted'ski

1Isandta1ents,visas,validforthreeyears.Butsomeconcern

thatit,11causebraindrainindevelopingcountries.

36.ManyimmigrantsswarmedintostreetsintheUSinearly2023,d

emandingthattheyshou1dbetreatedas.

?[A]anima1s[B]citizens[C]civilians[D]crimina1s

37.SomeCanadianofficialswanttokeepthedooropenbeca

use.

?[A]Canadaisindesperateneedoftalentedpeopie

?[B]Canadacanfeedamuchlargerpopulation

?[C]Canadaissufferingfromlaborshortage

?[D]Canadaisamu1ticulturalcountry

38.WhathastheSpanishGovernmentdecidedtodo?

?[A]Heipimmigrantsfindproperjobs.

?[B]Letimmigrantsfreelyenterthecountry.

?[C]IntegrateimmigrantsintotheSpanishculture.

?[D]Taketoughmeasuresagainsti11ega1immigration.

39.AfterFrance'snewimmigrationandintegrationlaw

takeseffect,itwi11.

?[A]lureoverseasstudentsbackhome

?[B]underminetheunityofthecountry

?[C]draindevelopingcountriesoftalent

?[D]indueeresentmentamongtheFrenchworkers

40.Thephrasalverbroundingupinparagraph1couldbebe

strep1acedby?

?[A]capturing

?[B]encircling

?[C]separating

?[D]frightening

AntsHaveBigImpactonEnvironmentas“EcosystemEngineers”aRe

searchbytheUniversityofExeterhasrevealedthatantshavea

bigimpactontheirlocalenvironmentasaresultoftheiracti

vityas“ecosystemengineers”andpredators.Thestudy,pub1ished

intheJournalofAnimalEcology,foundthatantshavetwodistincte

ffectsontheir1oca1environment.^Firstly,throughmoving

ofsoilbynestbuiIdingactivityandbycollectingfoodthey

affectthelevelofnutrientsinthesoil.Thiscanindirectlyim

pactthe1oca1popu1ationsofmanyanimalgroups,fromdecomp

oserstospeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain.ASecond1y,th

eypreyonawiderangeofotheranimals,inc1udinglargerpreyw

hichcanbeattaekedbyvastnumbersofantworkers.

DirkSanders,anauthorofthestudyfromtheuniversity,sC

entreforEcologyandConservation,said："Antsareveryeffect

ivepredatorswhichthriveinhugenumbers.They,realsoveryt

erritorialandveryaggressive,defendingtheirresourcesand

territoryagainstotherpredators.Al1ofthismeanstheyh

aveastronginfluenceontheirsurroundingarea."A"Inthisresea

rch,westudiedforthefirsttimehowbigthisimpactisandthesu

btletiesofit.Whatwefoundisthatdespitebeingpredator

s,theirpresencecanaIsoleadtoanincreaseindensityandd

iversityofotheranima1groups.Theygenuinelyplayakeyr

oleinthelocalenvironment,havingabiginfluenceonthegras

slandfoodweb,“Sanderssaid.

Thestudy,carriedoutinGermany,studiedtheimpactofthepre

senceofdifferentcombinationsanddensitiesofblackgarden

antsandcommonredants,bothspecieswhichcanbefoundacross

Europe,includingintheUK.Itfoundthata1owdensityof

antsinanareaincreasedthediversityanddensityofother

animalsintheloca1area,particularlythedensityofherb

ivoresanddecomposers.Athigherdensitiesantshadnoorthe

oppositeeffect,showingthatpredationiscounteractingthepositive

influence.

DrFrankvanVeen,anotherauthoronthestudy,said:aWhatwe

findisthattheimpactofantsonsoi1nutrientleve1shasapos

itiveeffectonanimalgroupsatlow1evels,butasthenumberofa

ntsincreases,theirpredatoryimpactshavethebiggereffect

—therebycounteractingthepositiveinfluenceviaecosysteme

ngineering.”

Antsareimportantcomponentsofecosystemsnotonlybecausethe

yconstituteagreatpartoftheanima1biomassbutalsobecau

setheyactasecosystemengineers.Antbiodiversity6isincredibly

highandtheseorganismsarehighlyresponsivetohumanimpact,whic

hobvious1yreducesitsrichness.However,itisnotclearh

owsuehdisturbancedamagesthemaintenanceofantservicesto

theecosystem.Antsareimportantinbe1owgroundprocessesthro

ughthea1terationofthephysica1andchemicalenvironmenta

ndthroughtheireffectsonplants,microorganisms,andother

soi1organisms.

41.Whyareantscomparedtoecosystemengineers?

?[A]Becausetheycollectfood.

?[B]Becausetheybuildtheirownnests.

?[C]Becausetheyarepredators.

?[D]Becausetheiractivityaffectstheenvironment.

42.Aspredators,ants

?[A]collectfoodasdecomposers.

?[B]preyonsmallaswe11aslargeanimals.

?[C]collectnutritiousfoodfromthesoil

?[D]preyonspeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain.

43.DirSanders'studycenteredonhowants

?[A]producesuchabigimpactontheenvironment.

?[B]attackthoseinvadinganimaIsforsurvival.

?[C]canmanagetothriveinhugenumbers.

[D]def