【版本：人教冊(cè)別：選擇性必修二】UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

ReadingandThinking:

UnderstandthequestioningmindLearningObjectivesFindoutthestagesofscientificresearchinthispassage.LearnaboutJohnSnow’sresearchprocessExpressyourideaonthegiventopicthroughcreativethinkingcontentsPre-readingⅠLanguagePointsⅤWhilereadingⅡHomeworkⅢⅣPost-readingⅠPre-readingBesidescoronavirus冠狀病毒,whatotherkindsofepidemics（流行病）haveyouheardof?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria（瘧疾）plague（鼠疫）Ebola(埃博拉)VideoTime:Howmuchdoyouknowaboutcholera?Whatarethesymptoms(癥狀)ofCholera？Itbeginsinthestomachandaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.dehydration(缺水)severevomiting(嘔吐)diarrhea(腹瀉)Manyyearsago,thecholeraintheworldkilledmillionsofpeople.Peoplewereveryafraidofit,buttheydidn'tknowwhattodo.Luckily,ayoungdoctordecidedtofindouthowtopreventandtreatthedisease.Finally,thedoctorwonthebattle.

JohnSnowWhatwillbetalkedaboutfromthetitle?JohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Stagesinscientificresearch

DrawaconclusionCollectdataAskaquestion

Findaproblem

Analysetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodⅡWhilereadingReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideas.Para.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3過去常常做某事在19世紀(jì)早期死于

最終；及時(shí)逐漸成為

照顧；照料最終的；徹底的生育allatonce

突然；同時(shí)atonce 立刻，馬上onceandagain 一而再，再三CholeraJohnSnowIt'soneof______________________intheworld,becauseitcauses_______________________________._____________________(when),anoutbreakofcholerahit________milionsofpeople____________________.JohnSnowbecame___________becausenooneknew_____________________________.However,hehadadesireto______________onceandforall.themostfeareddiseasesseverediarrhoeaanddehydrationIntheearly19thcenturyEuropediedfromthediseasefrustratedhowtopreventortreatcholeraafamousdoctorattendedtodestroycholeraResearch

backgroundIngeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.一般來說如此…以致于決定弄清楚同意，贊成TwocontradictorytheoriesTheoryone:causedby________Theorytwo:causedby_______SymptomsSymptomscoughsneezerunnynoselungdiarrhoeadehydration?badairgermsSnowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Para.2FindaproblemPara.2AskaquestionWhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.AmapofBroadStreet-”CholeraMap”WhatmethoddidSnowuse?AmapofBroadStreet-”CholeraMap”Whichhouseshadmorethan4deathsinBroadStreet?WhichhouseshadnodeathinBroadStreet?Multipledeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Hesuspectedthatthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.

Thinkofamethod&Collectdata&AnaysetheresultsFindsupportingevidence&DrawaconclusionPumpwatercarriedthecholeragerms.TwodeathsPlacePersonEventInanotherpartofLondonAwomanandherdaughterDiedofcholerabecauseofdrinkingthewaterdeliveredfromthepumpRemovethehandleofthepumpThediseasewasstopped.Para.3A:Itwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedbybad____orgermsin_______________.B:Snow___________________theplaces

wherethepeoplewho_____hadlivedC:Manydeathsoccurrednearthe___________inBroadStreet.Somepeople__________drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter________________________.D:Thepumpwatercarried____________.conclusionevidenceE:The_______ofthepumpwasremoved.processsolutionhandletheoriesairfoodorwatermarkedonthediedwaterpumphadn’tdrinkingwatercholeragermsconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesmapfromthepump【

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】2.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?TheFatherofModernEpidemiology1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondonin1854?Para.4-5TruthHowtopreventthecholera?Para.4-5Howtopreventthecholera?Topreventcholerafromspreading,we'dbetter

drinkpureorboiledwaterandeatcleanfood.Para.4-5Post-readingⅢFillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.

Intheearly19thcentury,anoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,_______(cause)millionsofdeaths.Seeingthis,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhow_________(prevent)ortreatcholera.Atthattime,doctorshadtwotheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onewasthatbadaircausedthediseaseandanotherwasthatcholerawascausedbygermsinfoodorwater.Johndiscoveredthatintwoparticularstreet_____choleraoutbreakwas____severethatover500peoplediedintendays.Throughhisserious____________(investigate),hefounditwasthepumpwaterinBroadStreet_______resultedinthedisease.Therefore,hehadthehandleofthepump________(remove).causingtopreventthesoinvestigationthatremovedFillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.hadbeeninfectedthat/inwhichaAsadoctor,hehelpedusto____________________.Asascientist,hefoundout_________________________.EvaluationofJohnSnowwhatcausedcholerapreventcholeraWhatqualitiesdoyouthinkJohnSnowhas?Tosetoutanewscientificideathroughascientificresearch,whatqualitiesdoyouthinkarethethreemostimportantonesthattheresearchershouldbeequippedwith?Andgiveyourreasonsinbrief.hard-workinglazypatientedgy(急躁的)sympatheticwisedevotedselfishhonestreliablecalmstubborngenerousresponsiblemeticulous(縝密的)handsomecarefuldeterminedGroup-workingHumanprogressonepidemicresearchLanguagePointsⅣ1oneofthemostfeareddiseases2becomefrustrated3attendtosb4losedesiretodosth5onceandforall6ingeneral7twocontradictorytheories最可怕的疾病之一變得沮喪照顧某人失去做某事的欲望一勞永逸一般說來兩種截然不同的看法Importantphrases(P2)8aninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater9subscribetothesecondtheory10intwoparticularstreets11bedeterminedtofindoutwhy12beginbymarkingtheexactplaces13multipledeathsnearthewaterpump食物或水中細(xì)菌的感染贊同第二種看法在兩條特別的街道上下決心找出原因從標(biāo)記確切的位置開始水泵附近多人死亡Importantphrases(P2)14suspectthatthewaterpumpistoblame15what’smore/moreover16haveitdeliveredtoherhouse17asaresultoftheevidence18havethehandleremoved19rawwaste懷疑是水泵造成的而且讓人把它送到她家由于這個(gè)證據(jù)拆掉把手未經(jīng)處理的廢棄物Importantphrases(P2-P3)until引導(dǎo)____________從句，how引導(dǎo)_______從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Ididn’tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.until表示“直到……為止”，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句為肯定句；not…until表示“直到……才”，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞，主句為否定句。Importantsentences(P2~P3)

在英國(guó)醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。

(Para.1,Line1)notuntil用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中要強(qiáng)調(diào)until后面的部分：①需要把until部分提前

②還要把not一起提前Itwasn’tuntil……that＋句子的其余部分Importantsentences(P2~P3)Itwasn’tuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.(改為一般疑問句)Wasitnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed?notuntil用于一般疑問句型中強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式：Is/Wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋句子的其余部分Importantsentences(P2~P3)1.Thestudentsdidn’tstoptalkinguntiltheteachercamein.2.Thesportsmeetwillnotbehelduntilnextweek.→____________nextweek_____thesportsmeetbeheld.Notuntilwillnotuntil用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)→Notuntiltheteachercameindidthestudentsstoptalking.Importantsentences(P2~P3)1.直到比賽開始他才來到。

He____________________thegamehadbegun.2.如果很多人都說一部電影不好，我不會(huì)去看，或者我會(huì)一直等

到DVD版出來才看。

Ifalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon’tbothertoseeit,

or

Iwill_________________________________.3.直到約翰進(jìn)入大學(xué)之后，他才意識(shí)到時(shí)間的重要性。(倒裝)

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

didn’tarriveuntilNotuntilJohnwenttocollegedidherealizetheimportanceoftime.即學(xué)即練Importantsentences(P2~P3)2.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreak

wassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他發(fā)現(xiàn)霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴(yán)重，十天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。

(Para.2,Line5)so…that…意為“如此……以至于……”，用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。3.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuch

thatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.

該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水

運(yùn)到家里來。

(Para.3,Line14)Importantsentences(P2~P3)1.Itrainedsoheavilythatwehadtostayathome.2.Thequestionissodifficultthatwecannotworkitout.3.Itissobusyadaythatwedon’tgoswimming.ObserveandFind

主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+so+副詞+that從句

主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句Importantsentences(P2~P3)4.IhavemadesomanymistakesthatImuststayathometoreflectonthem.5.Whatapity!Wehavegotsolittlemoneythatwecannoteatatrestaurants.6.TheshirtcostsomuchthatIdidnotwanttotakeit.

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that從句

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+so+many(much,few,little)+that從句ObserveandFindImportantsentences(P2~P3)so...that用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)→The

speaker

was

so

nervous

that

his

legs

were

trembling.即學(xué)即練這個(gè)演講者如此緊張，以至于雙腿發(fā)抖。（翻譯）→Sonervouswasthespeakerthathis

legs

were

trembling.Im