UNIT1

TOPICS

TEXTTheHistoryofComputersinaNutshell

EXERCISES

SUPPLEMENTARYFamousPeopleintheHistoryofITCONVERSATIONEtiquetteandTipstoSuccessfulJobInterviewWRITINGHowtoWriteaResume

TOPICS

?Howpeopledealtwithnumbersanddatain

ancient

times?

HowdoyouthinkW.W.IImighthavebeendifferentifthe

ENIAC

hadnotbeeninventedthen?

Whocameupwiththeideaofusing

“binarycode”

tostoreprogramsforcomputers??What’syourearliestcomputermemory?Whatisyourvisionofthecomputertechnologyinthenext20,50,100years?

Tipsforjobinterview.

Howtowritearesume?

Computersandcomputerapplicationsareonalmosteveryaspectofourdailylives.Aslikemanyordinaryobjectsaroundus,wemayneedclearerunderstandingofwhattheyare.Youmayask“Whatisacomputer?”or“Whatisasoftware”,or“Whatisaprogramminglanguage?”First,let’sexaminethehistory.

TEXT

TheHistoryofComputersinaNutshell

ThetermComputer,originallymeantapersoncapableofperformingnumericalcalculationswiththehelpofamechanicalcomputingdevice.TheevolutionofcomputersstartedwaybackintheerabeforeChrist.Binaryarithmeticisatthecoreofcomputersystems.Thehistoryofcomputersstartsoutabout2000yearsagowiththebirthoftheabacus,awoodenrackholdingtwohorizontalwireswithbeadsstrungonthem.TheinventionoflogarithmbyJohnNapierandtheinventionofsliderulesbyWilliamOughtredweresignificanteventsintheevolutionofcomputersfromtheseearlycomputingdevices.

Ifyoulookatthetimelineoftheevolutionofcomputers,youwillnoticethatthefirstcomputersusedvacuumtubesforcircuitryandmagnetic

drumsformemory,andwereoftenenormous,takingupentirerooms.Theywereveryexpensivetooperateandinadditiontousingagreatdealofelectricity,generatedalotofheat,whichwasoftenthecauseofmalfunctions.

TheUNIVACandENIACcomputersareexamplesoffirst-generationcomputingdevices.TheUNIVACwasthefirstcommercialcomputersdeliveredtoabusinessclient,theU.S.CensusBureauin1951.Thesecomputerswereexpensiveandbulky.Theyusedmachinelanguageforcomputingandcouldsolvejustoneproblematatime.Theydidnotsupportmultitasking.Inputwasbasedonpunchedcardsandpapertape,andoutputwasdisplayedonprintouts.

Transistorsreplacedvacuumtubesandusheredinthesecondgenerationofcomputers.Thetransistorwasinventedin1947butdidnotseewidespreaduseincomputersuntilthelate50s.Thetransistorwasfarsuperiortothevacuumtube,allowingcomputerstobecomesmaller,faster,cheaper,moreenergy-efficientandmorereliablethantheirfirst-generationpredecessors.Thoughthetransistorstillgeneratedagreatdealofheatthatsubjectedthecomputertodamage,itwasavastimprovementoverthevacuumtube.Second-generationcomputersstillreliedonpunchedcardsforinputandprintoutsforoutput.

Second-generationcomputersmovedfromcrypticbinarymachinelanguagetosymbolic,orassembly,languages,whichallowedprogrammerstospecifyinstructionsinwords.High-levelprogramminglanguageswerealsobeingdevelopedatthistime,suchasearlyversionsofCOBOLandFORTRAN.Thesewerealsothefirstcomputersthatstoredtheirinstructionsintheirmemory,whichmovedfromamagneticdrumtomagneticcoretechnology.

Theuseofintegratedcircuitsusheredinthethirdgenerationofcomputers.Theiruseincreasedthespeedandefficiencyofcomputers.Operatingsystemswerethehumaninterfacetocomputingoperationsandkeyboardsandmonitorsbecametheinput-outputdevices.COBOL,oneoftheearliestcomputerlanguages,wasdevelopedin1959-1960.BASICcameoutin1964.ItwasdesignedbyJohnGeorgeKemenyandThomasEugeneKurtz.DouglasEngelbartinventedthefirstmouseprototypein1963.Computersusedavideodisplayterminal(VDT)intheearlydays.

TheinventionofColorGraphicsAdapterin1981andthatofEnhancedGraphicsAdapterin1984,bothbyIBMadded“color”tocomputerdisplays.Allthroughthe1990s,computermonitorsusedtheCRTtechnology.LCDreplaceditinthe2000s.Computerkeyboardsevolvedfromtheearlytypewriters.ThedevelopmentofcomputerstoragedevicesstartedwiththeinventionofFloppydisks,byIBMagain.

Thousandsofintegratedcircuitsplacedontoasiliconchipmadeupamicroprocessor.Introductionofmicroprocessorswasthehallmarkoffourthgenerationcomputers.Intelproducedlarge-scaleintegrationcircuitsin1971.Microprocessorscameupduringthe1970s.TedHoff,workingforIntelintroduced4-bit4004.In1972,Intelintroducedthe8080microprocessors.In1974,XeroxcameupwithAltoworkstationatPARC.Itconsistedofamonitor,agraphicalinterface,amouse,andanEthernetcardfornetworking.AppleComputersbroughtouttheMacintoshpersonalcomputeronJanuary241984.By1988,morethan45millioncomputerswereinuseintheUnitedStates.Thenumberwentuptoabillionby2002.

Thefifthgenerationcomputersareintheirdevelopmentphase.Theywouldbecapableofmassiveparallelprocessing,supportvoicerecognitionandunderstandnaturallanguage.Thecurrentadvancementsincomputertechnologyarelikelytotransformcomputingmachinesintointelligentonesthatpossessselforganizingskills.Theevolutionofcomputerswillcontinue,perhapstillthedaytheirprocessingpowersequalhumanintelligence.1.?Abacus(a)Alow-levelprogramminglanguageforcomputers,microprocessors,microcontrollers,andotherprogrammabledevicesinwhicheachstatementcorrespondstoasinglemachinelanguageinstruction.Itisspecifictoacertaincomputerarchitecture,incontrasttomosthigh-levelprogramminglanguages,whichmaybemoreportable.Ⅰ.Matchthetermsandtheinterpretations.EXERCISES2.?Multitasking(b)Amanualaidtocalculatingthatconsistsofbeadsordisksthatcanbemovedupanddownonaseriesofsticksorstringswithinausuallywoodenframe.3.?Workstation(c)??Amethodwheremultipletasks,alsoknownas

processes,areperformedduringthesameperiodoftime.4.?AssemblyLanguage

(d)??Itisamultipurpose,programmabledevicethatacceptsdigitaldataasinput,processesitaccordingtoinstructionsstoredinitsmemory,andprovidesresultsasoutput.

5.?Microprocessor

(e)Ahigh-endmicrocomputerdesignedfortechnicalorscientificapplications.Intendedprimarilytobeusedbyonepersonatatime,theyarecommonlyconnectedtoalocalareanetworkandrunmulti-useroperatingsystems.ThetermhasalsobeenusedtorefertoamainframecomputerterminaloraPCconnectedtoanetwork.

Ⅱ.?ArethefollowingstatementsTrue(T)orFalse(F)?

1.?()0and1arethebinarynumbers.

2.?()Abacusisconsideredtobethefirstcalculator.

3.()ASCIIistheabbreviationforAmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange.

4.?()Becauseoftransistors,computershavegivenoffnoheat.

5.?()Vacuumtubeswerereplacedbyintegratedcircuits.

6.?()Firstgenerationcomputersusedvacuumtubesforcircuitryandfloppydiskformemory.

7.?()Second-generationcomputersstillreliedonpunchedcardsforinputandprintoutsforoutput.

8.?()Assemblylanguagescameintoplayinthethirdgenerationcomputers.

9.?()DouglasEngelbartinventedthefirstmouseprototypein1963.

10.()Fifthgenerationcomputerswouldbecapableofmassiveparallelprocessing,supportvoicerecognitionandunderstandnaturallanguage.Ⅲ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandphrasesintoChinese.Ⅳ.TranslatethefollowingChinesestatementsintoEnglish.1.公元前5世紀(jì)，中國(guó)人發(fā)明了算盤，廣泛應(yīng)用于商業(yè)貿(mào)易中。算盤被認(rèn)為是最早的計(jì)算設(shè)備，并一直使用至今。

2.1943年到1959年的計(jì)算機(jī)通常被稱做第一代計(jì)算機(jī)。此時(shí)期的計(jì)算機(jī)使用真空管，所有的程序都是用機(jī)器碼編寫的，使用穿孔卡片。

3.1964年到1972年的計(jì)算機(jī)一般被稱為第三代計(jì)算機(jī)。此時(shí)期的計(jì)算機(jī)大量使用集成電路，典型的機(jī)型是IBM360系列。

4.與整個(gè)人類的發(fā)展歷程及傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)技術(shù)相比，計(jì)算機(jī)的歷史才剛剛開始。

5.計(jì)算機(jī)是由硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件系統(tǒng)組成的，硬件包括中央處理器、存儲(chǔ)器、輸入設(shè)備和輸出設(shè)備，軟件系統(tǒng)包括系統(tǒng)軟件和應(yīng)用軟件。Ⅴ.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthefollowingwords.

uponleduptofor

analyzecapableof

toomechanicalcalculatesolvedinsteadof

Sincecivilizationsbegan,manyoftheadvancesmadebyscienceandtechnologyhavedepended

theabilitytoprocesslargeamountsofdataandperformcomplexmathematicalcalculations.Forthousandsofyears,mathematicians,scientistsandbusinessmenhavesearched

computingmachinesthatcouldperformcalculationsand

dataquicklyandefficiently.Onesuchdevicewastheabacus.TheabacuswasanimportantcountingmachineinancientBabylon,China,andthroughoutEuropewhereitwasuseduntilthelatemiddleages.Itwasfollowedbyaseriesofimprovementsin

countingmachinesthat

thedevelopmentofaccuratemechanicaladdingmachinesinthe1930’s.Thesemachinesusedacomplicatedassortmentofgearsandleverstoperformthecalculationsbuttheywerefar

slowtobeofmuchusetoscientists.Also,amachinecapableofmakingsimpledecisionssuchaswhichnumberislargerwasneeded.Amachine

makingdecisionsiscalledacomputer.InJune1943,workbeganontheworld’sfirstelectroniccomputer.ItwasbuiltattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaasasecretmilitaryprojectduringWorldWarIIandwastobeusedto

thetrajectory(彈道，軌跡)ofartilleryshells.Itcovered1500squarefeetandweighed30tons.Theprojectwasnotcompleteduntil1946buttheeffortwasnotwasted.Inoneofitsfirstdemonstrations,thecomputer

aproblemin20secondsthattookateamofmathematiciansthreedays.Thismachinewasavastimprovementoverthemechanicalcalculatingmachinesofthepastbecauseitusedvacuumtubes

relayswitches.Itcontainedover17,000ofthesetubes,whichwerethesametypetubesusedinradiosatthattime.Theinventionofthetransistormadesmallerandlessexpensivecomputerspossible.Althoughcomputersshrankinsize,theywerestillhugebytoday’sstandards.Anotherinnovationtocomputersinthe1960’swasstoringdataontapeinsteadofpunchcards.Thisgavecomputerstheabilitytostoreandretrievedataquicklyandreliably.

Almosteveryoneusescomputersthesedaysforeverythingfromshoppingtoworkingtoplayinggames.Buthaveyoueverstoppedtothinkaboutwhereallthisamazingtechnologycamefrom?SUPPLEMENTARY

FamousPeopleintheHistoryofITWhoinventeditall?Well,behindeverycompany,programminglanguageorpieceofsoftware,thereisaperson—orsometimesateamofpeople—whoturnedideasintoreality.We’veallheardofBillGates,thefounderofMicrosoftandoneoftherichestmeninhistory.EquallyfamousisSteveJobs,thepersonwho,alongwithSteveWozniak,startedApplecomputers.However,therearehundredsofotherpeople,fromearlypioneerstolatergeniuses,whoaren’taswellknownbutwhodeserverecognitionfortheworktheydidinadvancingtheworldofcomputing.BillGatesOneofthefirstpeopletoconceiveofcomputerswasCharlesBabbage,anEnglishmathematicianandanalyticalphilosopherwhodrewupplansforthefirstprogrammablecomputercalledtheDifferenceEngine.GeorgeBoolecameupwithawayofdescribinglogicalrelationsusingmathematicalsymbols—nowcalledBooleanlogic—thatisthebasisofallmoderncomputerprocesses.CharlesBabbageVannevarBushfirstproposedanideain1945hecalled“memex”,whichwenowknowas“hypertext”.AnothernotablefigureinearlycomputingwasAlanMathisonTuring,anEnglishmanknownasthe“fatherofcomputerscience”.HeinventedtheTuringTest,whichisawaytofindoutifacomputerisactinglikeamachineorahuman.AnotherEnglishcomputerscientist,EdgarFrankCodd,isknownforinventingthe“relational”modelfordatabases,amodelwhichisstillinusetoday.MathisonTuringAscomputingbecamemorecomplicated,peopleneededawaytomakeiteasiertotellcomputerswhattodo—inotherwords,theyneededwaystoprogramthecomputers.Thesecomputerinstructionsystemsbecameknownascomputer,orprogramming,languages.FORTRAN,thefirstwidelyusedhigh-levelprogramminglanguage,wasinventedbyanAmericancomputerscientist,JohnWarnerBackus.OthernotableNorthAmericaninventorsofprogramminglanguagesincludeDennisRitchie,authoroftheCprogramminglanguage,LarryWall,creatorofPerl,andCanadianJamesGosling,knownasthefatherofJava.TwomenfromDenmarkareresponsibleforwritingtwootherfamousprogramminglanguages.BjarneStroustrupcameupwithC++andRasmusLerdorfdevisedPHP.DutchmanGuidovanRossumwrotethePythonprogramminglanguage,whiletheJapanesecomputerscientist,YukihiroMatsumoto,madealanguagecalledRuby.Oneoftheusesofprogramminglanguagesistocreateoperatingsystems,whichareessentiallysetsofinstructionsthatallowcomputerstofunction.Themostwidely-usedoperatingsystemintheworldisMicrosoftWindows,butthereareotherpowerfulonesthatexist,suchasUnix,createdbyKenThompsonandhisteamatAT&Tin1969,andLinux,writtenbyLinusTorvaldsin1991.LinusTorvaldsMicrosoft,ofcourse,isthelargestsoftwarecompanyintheworld,butthereisanothercompany,Intel,thatisequallyimportantwhenitcomestohardware.Intelwasstartedbyseveralpeoplewhoarenowlegendsinthecomputerworld,includingRobertNoyceandGordonMoore.MooreisalsofamousforcomingupwithMoore’sLaw,whichpredictstherapidincreaseofcomputertechnologyovertime.Intelexpandedrapidlyduringthe1980sand1990swhenamannamedAndyGrovewasinchargeofthecompany.GordonMooreOthernotablefiguresintheevolutionofthecomputerindustryareRalphBaer,inventorofthefirsthomevideogameconsole,SeymourCray,formanyyearsthemanufactureroftheworld’sfastestsupercomputers,RichardStallman,founderofthefreesoftwaremovementcalledGNU,andTimBerners-Lee,themanwhocreatedthebasisfortheWorldWideWeb.Throughtheircreativityandhardwork,allofthesepeoplecontributedtoshapingwhatwenowexperienceasInformationandComputerTechnology.Everytimeyoubootupacomputer,playavideogameorsurftheInternet,trytoremembertheindividualswhomadethesewonderspossible.求職面試成功必備的禮儀和技巧求職面試時(shí)，首先要明確面試前的三要素—When(時(shí)間)、Where(地點(diǎn))、Who(聯(lián)系人)。CONVERSATION

EtiquetteandTipstoSuccessfulJobInterview

1.基本面試禮儀

(1)約好面試時(shí)間后，一定要提前5～10分鐘到達(dá)面試地點(diǎn)，以表示您的誠(chéng)意，給對(duì)方以信任感，同時(shí)也可調(diào)整自己的心態(tài)，做一些簡(jiǎn)單的儀表準(zhǔn)備，以免倉(cāng)促上陣，手忙腳亂。

(2)進(jìn)入面試場(chǎng)合時(shí)不要緊張。如門關(guān)著，應(yīng)先敲門，得到允許后再進(jìn)去。見面時(shí)要主動(dòng)打招呼問好致意，稱呼應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)皿w。在用人單位沒有請(qǐng)您坐下時(shí)，切勿急于落座。離去時(shí)應(yīng)詢問“還有什么要問的嗎”，得到允許后應(yīng)微笑起立，道謝并說“再見”。

(3)對(duì)用人單位提出的問題要逐一回答。對(duì)方給您介紹情況時(shí)，要認(rèn)真聆聽，可以在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候點(diǎn)頭或適當(dāng)提問、答話。一般情況下不要打斷用人單位的問話或搶問搶答，否則會(huì)給人急躁、魯莽、不禮貌的印象。問話完畢，聽不懂時(shí)可要求重復(fù)。當(dāng)不能回答某一問題時(shí)，應(yīng)如實(shí)告訴用人單位，含糊其辭和夸夸其談會(huì)導(dǎo)致面試失敗。

(4)在整個(gè)面試過程中，應(yīng)保持舉止文雅大方，談吐謙虛謹(jǐn)慎，態(tài)度積極熱情。如果用人單位有兩位以上主試人，回答誰(shuí)的問題，您的目光就應(yīng)注視誰(shuí)，并應(yīng)適時(shí)地環(huán)顧其他主試人以表示您對(duì)他們的尊重。談話時(shí)，眼睛要適時(shí)地注視對(duì)方，不要東張西望，也不要低著頭，激動(dòng)地與用人單位爭(zhēng)辯某個(gè)問題也是不明智的舉動(dòng)。

2.求職面試技巧之語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用面試場(chǎng)上您的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)藝術(shù)將反映您的成熟程度和綜合素養(yǎng)。對(duì)求職應(yīng)試者來說，掌握語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的技巧無疑是重要的。那么，面試中怎樣恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用談話的技巧呢？

(1)口齒清晰，語(yǔ)言流利，文雅大方。交談時(shí)要注意發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，吐字清晰。還要注意控制說話的速度，以免磕磕絆絆，影響語(yǔ)言的流暢。為了增添語(yǔ)言的魅力，應(yīng)注意修辭美妙，忌用口頭禪，更不能有不文明的語(yǔ)言。

(2)語(yǔ)氣平和，語(yǔ)調(diào)恰當(dāng)，音量適中。面試時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)調(diào)、語(yǔ)氣的正確運(yùn)用。打招呼時(shí)宜用上語(yǔ)調(diào)，加重語(yǔ)氣并帶拖音，以引起對(duì)方的注意。自我介紹時(shí)，最好多用平緩的陳述語(yǔ)氣，不宜使用感嘆語(yǔ)氣或祈使句。聲音的大小要根據(jù)面試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況而定。兩人面談且距離較近時(shí)聲音不宜過大；群體面試且場(chǎng)地開闊時(shí)聲音不宜過小，以每個(gè)用人單位都能聽清您的講話為原則。

(3)語(yǔ)言要含蓄、機(jī)智、幽默。講話時(shí)除了表達(dá)清晰以外，適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候可以插進(jìn)幽默的語(yǔ)言，使談話增加輕松愉快的氣氛，也會(huì)展示自己的良好氣質(zhì)和從容風(fēng)度。尤其是當(dāng)遇到難以回答的問題時(shí)，機(jī)智、幽默的語(yǔ)言會(huì)顯示自己的聰明智慧，有助于化險(xiǎn)為夷，并給人以良好的印象。

(4)注意聽者的反應(yīng)。求職面試不同于演講，而是更接近于一般的交談。交談中，應(yīng)隨時(shí)注意聽者的反應(yīng)。根據(jù)對(duì)方的反應(yīng)，要適時(shí)地調(diào)整自己的語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)調(diào)、語(yǔ)氣、音量、修辭，包括陳述內(nèi)容。這樣才能取得良好的面試效果。

3.求職面試技巧之回答問題

(1)把握重點(diǎn)，簡(jiǎn)捷明了，條理清楚，有理有據(jù)。一般情況下回答問題要結(jié)論在先，議論在后，先將自己的中心意思表達(dá)清晰，然后再做敘述和論證。否則，如果長(zhǎng)篇大論，會(huì)讓人不得要領(lǐng)。面試時(shí)間有限，神經(jīng)有些緊張，多余的話太多，容易走題，反倒會(huì)將主題沖淡或漏掉。

(2)講清原委，避免抽象。用人單位提問總是想了解一些應(yīng)試者的具體情況，切不可簡(jiǎn)單地僅以“是”和“否”作答。應(yīng)針對(duì)所提問題的不同，有的需要解釋原因，有的需要說明程度。不講原委、過于抽象的回答，往往不會(huì)給主試者留下具體的印象。

(3)確認(rèn)提問內(nèi)容，切忌答非所問。面試中，如果對(duì)用人單位提出的問題一時(shí)摸不著頭腦，以致不知從何答起或難以理解對(duì)方問題的含義，可將問題復(fù)述一遍，并先談自己對(duì)這一問題的理解，請(qǐng)教對(duì)方以確認(rèn)內(nèi)容。對(duì)不太明確的問題，一定要搞清楚，這樣才會(huì)有的放矢，不致答非所問。

(4)有個(gè)人見解，有個(gè)人特色。用人單位有時(shí)要接待若干名應(yīng)試者，相同的問題會(huì)問若干遍，類似的回答也要聽若干遍。因此，用人單位會(huì)有乏味、枯燥之感。只有具有獨(dú)到的個(gè)人見解和個(gè)人特色的回答，才會(huì)引起用人單位的興趣和注意。

(5)知之為知之，不知為不知。面試遇到自己不知、不懂、不會(huì)的問題時(shí)，回避閃爍、默不作聲、牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)、不懂裝懂的做法均不足取，誠(chéng)懇坦率地承認(rèn)自己的不足之處，反倒會(huì)贏得主試者的信任和好感。Example

Dialogue1

Interviewer:CanyoubrieflyexplainwhatroleyouplayedinCustomerRelationshipManagementprocessforSalesForce?Interviewee:Yes,sure.IwasateamleaderwhiledesigningtheCustomerRelationshipManagementsoftwareforSalesForce.Theprojectwasregardinganinternationalretailchain.Withateamof15membersIwasabletosuccessfullypin-pointandutilizethefactorsaffectingthefootfallatthestoreandthus,helpedtheclientachieveagrowthof30%insales.Interviewer:Great!So,howdoyouthingyoufitinourorganization?Interviewee:IwishtomakeacareerinITindustryandkeepinginmindmylongtermgoals,Ibelievethatassociatingwiththisorganizationwillbethemostprudentstep.Inhere,Iwouldsurelybeabletofurtherutilizemyskillsinthemosteffectivemannerandalso,obtainachanceofacquiringnewerskillsandhoningthesame.

Dialogue2A:Goodmorning,mynameisMsMartin.You’veappliedfortheLaboratoryAssistant’spositionright?B:YesMsMartin.Ihave.A:

Canyoutellmewhyyourepliedtoouradvertisement?B:Well,I’vealwaysenjoyedscienceandfeltthatthispositionwouldoffermeanopportunitytoextendmyskillsinthisarea.A:DoyouknowexactlywhatyouwouldbedoingasaLaboratoryAssistant?B:ALaboratoryAssistanthelpstomaintainscientificequipment,keepingacheckonthesuppliesinthestore,andpreparingthechemicalsforexperiments.A：Whatsortofstudentdoyouregardyourselfas...didyouenjoystudyingwhileyouwereatschool?B:IsupposeI’mareasonablestudent.Ipassedallmytestsandenjoyedstudyingsubjectsthatinterestedme.A:Now,doyouhaveanyquestionsyou’dliketoaskmeabouttheposition?B:Yes.MsMartin,couldyoutellmewhathoursI’dhavetowork,andforwhomI’dbeworking?Practice

Attendingjobinterviewscanbeintimidating!Beingpreparedwillhelpyouthroughtheexperiencebyincreasingconfidence,ensuringthatyouarepresentingyourselfappropriatelyandmayultimatelybringsuccessinsecuringtheposition.Herearesomequestionsyoumightencounterinthejobinterview,practicejobinterviewQ&Awithyourpartner.

Tellusaboutyourself?

Whyhaveyouappliedforthisposition?

Whatisyourunderstandingofthecompany?

Whatareyourstrengthsandweaknesses?

Whatdoyouseeyourselfin5years?Tips

工作面試常見30個(gè)問題

1．Tellmeaboutyourself.簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下您自己。

2．Whyareyouinterestedinthisposition?您為什么對(duì)這份工作感興趣？

3．Whatareyourstrengths?您的優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么？

4．Whatisyourbiggestweakness?您最大的弱點(diǎn)是什么？

5．Whydoyoufeelyouarerightforthisposition?為什么您認(rèn)為自己適合這個(gè)職位？

6．?Canyougivemethehighlightsofyourresume?您的簡(jiǎn)歷上有些什么值得特別關(guān)注的？

7．Whydidyouchooseyourmajor?您為什么選擇這個(gè)專業(yè)？

8．Whatareyourinterests?您有哪些興趣愛好？

9．Whatareyourshortandlongtermgoals?您的短期和長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)是什么？

10．Tellmehowyourfriends/familywoulddescribeyou?如果我向您的朋友或者家人詢問對(duì)您的評(píng)價(jià)，您認(rèn)為他們會(huì)怎樣說？

11．Usingsinglewords,tellmeyourthreegreateststrengthsandoneweakness.用簡(jiǎn)單的詞語(yǔ)，描述您的三項(xiàng)最突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)。

12．Whatmotivatesyoutosucceed?您爭(zhēng)取成功的動(dòng)力是什么？

13．Whatqualitiesdoyoufeelareimportanttobesuccessful?哪些品質(zhì)在您看來對(duì)成功是最重要的？

14．Whatpreviousexperiencehashelpedyoudevelopthesequalities?哪些之前的經(jīng)歷幫助您獲得了這些品質(zhì)？

15．Canyougivemeanexampleofteamworkandleadership?您能向我列舉一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)活動(dòng)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的例子嗎？

16．Whatwasyourgreatestchallengeandhowdidyouovercomeit?您經(jīng)歷過的最大的挑戰(zhàn)是什么？您是如何跨越它的？

17．WhyshouldIhireyouovertheothercandidatesIaminterviewing?我為什么要從這么多應(yīng)聘者中選擇您呢？

18．Doyouhaveanyquestions?您有一些什么問題嗎？

19．Whatareyourcompensationexpectations?您對(duì)于報(bào)酬有什么樣的期望？

20．Whatwasyourgreatestaccomplishmentinpasttime?在過去的日子里，您覺得自己最大的成就是什么？

21．Haveyoueverbeenaskedtodosomethingunethical?Ifyes,howdidyouhandleit?曾經(jīng)有人要求您去做一些不道德的事情嗎？如果有，您是怎么處理的呢？

22．Whatdoyoudoifyoutotallydisagreewitharequestmadebyyourmanager?如果您完全不同意您上司的某個(gè)要求，您會(huì)怎么處理？

23．Wheninagroupsetting,whatisyourtypicalrole?您在團(tuán)隊(duì)中的作用通常是什么？

24．Howdoyoumotivateateamtosucceed?您怎么激勵(lì)團(tuán)隊(duì)達(dá)到成功？

25．Haveyoubeeninteamsituationswherenoteveryonecarriedtheirfairshareoftheworkload?Ifso,howdidyouhandlethesituation?如果您所處的團(tuán)隊(duì)中并不是每個(gè)成員都承擔(dān)著相同的工作量，您將怎樣處理這種情況？

26．Howdoyouprioritizewhenyouaregiventoomanytaskstoaccomplish?您怎樣在一堆根本做不完的工作任務(wù)中區(qū)分輕重緩急？

27．Whyaremanholecoversround?為什么下水道的井蓋是圓的？

28．Tellmeaboutagoalyousetforyourselfandhowyouaccomplishedit.請(qǐng)和我講一講您為自己設(shè)定的某個(gè)目標(biāo)以及是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)它的。

29．Doyoutypicallyachievewhatyousetouttodo?您一般情況下都能達(dá)到自己的既定目標(biāo)嗎？

30．Whatdemotivatesordiscouragesyou?有哪些因素可能會(huì)讓您失去動(dòng)力或信心？如何寫英文簡(jiǎn)歷對(duì)許多人來說，一份簡(jiǎn)約明快的英文簡(jiǎn)歷是進(jìn)入外企的“敲門磚”。那么，如何寫好英文簡(jiǎn)歷呢？首先，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練。對(duì)于求職者來講，目的明確、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練是其簡(jiǎn)歷行之有效的基礎(chǔ)。如在教育背景中寫相關(guān)課程，不要為了拼湊篇幅，把所有的課程一股腦兒地都寫上，如體育等。這樣不太有效，別人也沒耐心看。WRITING

HowtoWriteaResume

其次，個(gè)人資料部分(PERSONALDATA)，包括求職者的姓名、性別、出生年月等，與中文簡(jiǎn)歷大體一致。第二部分為教育背景(EDUCATION)，必須注意的是在英文簡(jiǎn)歷中，求職者受教育的時(shí)間排列順序與中文簡(jiǎn)歷中的時(shí)間排列順序正好相反，也即是從求職者的最高教育層次(學(xué)歷)寫起，至于低至何時(shí)，則無具體規(guī)定，可根據(jù)個(gè)人實(shí)際情況安排。

第三，社會(huì)工作。在時(shí)間排列順序上亦遵循由后至前這一規(guī)則，即從當(dāng)前的工作崗位寫起，直至求職者的第一個(gè)工作崗位為止。求職者要將所服務(wù)單位的名稱及自身的職位和技能寫清楚。把社會(huì)工作細(xì)節(jié)放在工作經(jīng)歷中，這樣會(huì)填補(bǔ)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)少的缺陷。例如，您在做團(tuán)支書、學(xué)生會(huì)主席等社會(huì)工作時(shí)組織過什么活動(dòng)，聯(lián)系過什么事，參與過什么都可以一一羅列。而作為大學(xué)生，雇主通常并不指望您在假期工作期間會(huì)有什么驚天動(dòng)地的成就。當(dāng)然如果您有就更好了。

第四，所獲獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和作品（PRICE＆PUBICATION）。將自己所獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)及所發(fā)表過的作品列舉一二，可以從另一方面證實(shí)自己的工作能力和取得的成績(jī)。另外，大多數(shù)外企對(duì)英語(yǔ)（或其他語(yǔ)種）及計(jì)算機(jī)水平都有一定的要求，個(gè)人的語(yǔ)言水平、程度可在此單列說明。ExampleResumeJaneR.Doe910OakStreet,Verona,CA12111555-550-111-1111abcd@EXPERIENCE

ComputerCompany,SoftwareEngineerAugust2003-presentSoftwareEngineeronCompanySoftManager.DutiesincludedevelopingcurrentreleaseusingC++andJava,assistingindesignofnextrelease(J2EE),travelingtostandardmeetingsatSNIASMIS-StorepresentCompanySoftManager,travelingtoSNW,asemi-annualconsumerconferencetoshowcaseproduct,andworkingcloselywithnewdevelopersinIndiaTechCenter.ComputerCompanyTrainingProgramJune2003-August2003MemberoftheComputerCompanyBootcampprogram,anintensive3monthtrainingprogramforchoicesoftwareengineers.Thethreemonthprogramcoveredadvancedtopicsinsoftwareengineering,SQL,C++,J2EE,XML,Windows2000Server,Unix,UML,andvariousCompanyproducts.ConsultantJanuary2003-June2003ConsultantforhighschoolintheouterBostonarea.TutoredtheprogramminginstructorsfortheAPprogrammingclassintheJavaprogramminglanguage.Helpedtosetupdevelopmentenvironmentfortheclassroom.CompanyInc,SoftwareEngineerCO-OPJanuary2001-September2001DeveloperontheCompanyengineteam.Workedonnewfunctionalityinthe7.0releaseoftheCompanyDynamicSourcingEngine.DevelopedinC++inUnixandWindowsVisualStudio.AlsoworkedonasoloprojecttoaddmultithreadedcapabilitiestoCompany’sengines.TECHNICALLanguages:C++,Java,C,ASP.NET,SQLApplications:MSVisualStudio,EclipseApplicationServer:JBoss,TomcatOperatingSystems:Windows,Unix,LinuxDatabaseSystems:SQLServer,MySQLCertifications:CCNA,UnicenterCertifiedEngineerEDUCATIONABCCollege,Troy,NY,May2002Major:ComputerScience,Minor:ManagementACTIVITIESBrotherofDeltaChapterofDeltaChiFraternity-President(January2001-May2002)-ScholarshipwinneratDeltaChiLeadershipConferencePractice根據(jù)如下的企業(yè)招聘條件，寫一份個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷。

Position:SoftwareDeveloper(ITsupportdepartment)Responsibilities:

(1)?Specificationofsoftwareprojects.

(2)?Setupandbuildthesoftwaredevelopmentstandard,guideline,andqualityassurance,riskcontrolforenterprisesoftwaredevelopment.

(3)?Managingday-to-daySoftwaredevelopmentrelatedactivities,ensuringthatallprojectsarecompletedinathoroughandtimelyfashion.

(4)?Reviewingalltechnicalmaterialsforcompletenessandaccuracy,thoroughdocumentation.Requirements:

(1)?ComputerScienceorEngineeringdegree.

(2)?ExpertiseinNETframework,SQLdatabasedesign,webdevelopmentandGUI-basedtooldevelopment.

(3)?ExpertiseinC#,PHPprogramming.

(4)?Knowledgeofdataminingisadvantages.

(5)?KnowledgeofCMMIandotherqualitymethodologyisadvantages.

(6)?Hard-working,self-motivatedpersonwithgoodattentiontodetailandagoodteamspirit.Tips面試之后的感謝信面試結(jié)束后，大部分求職者都會(huì)覺得面試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，等著公司的通知就行了。其實(shí)，面試后還有許多工作要做，寫面試后的感謝信就是必須要做的工作。面試感謝信是對(duì)面試官的尊重與禮貌，可以加深面試官對(duì)求職者的良好印象。面試后的感謝信寫得好，會(huì)增加求職者的錄用機(jī)會(huì)。面試之后的感謝信之一DearMr./Ms.[hiringmanagerlastname]Itwasapleasuremeetingwithyouyesterday,andIthankyouforyourtime.

Iappreciatethefactthatyou’vetakenthetimetoacquaintmewiththeteam,discussingaboutthe[position]andpresentingthecompanybackground.Aftermeetingwithyouandfurtherobservingthecompany’soperations,Iamconvincedthatmyprofessionalexperienceandskillscoincidewellwiththepositionneeds