2021-2022學(xué)年上海交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底英語試卷

I.Listeningcomprehension

略

II.Vocabulary

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.conferencingB.opposedC.concernedD.spreadE.valuedF.partner

G.creatingH.communicateI.instructionJ.normalK.supervising

Educationofficialsandindustryexpertsaredebatingthefutureofonlinelearning.Thediscussionisimportant

becauserecentlyhundredsofuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavemovedclassesonlinebecauseofthe[

ofthenewcoronavirus.

ForAshaChoksi,theriseofinternet-basedoronlinestudyprogramshasledtomajorimprovementsinhigher

education.

“Whatit'sdoneis,it'sactuallygivenalotmorepowertostudentsintennsofhow,whenandwherethey

learn/'theheadofresearchfbrPearsonEducationtoldVOA.Hercompanyis2onlinelearning

programs.

Collegesanduniversitiesworldwidehavebeenlookingfbrwaystoprovidesatisfactoryeducationoffcampus

andoutsideof3businesshours.ThedecisionbymanyschoolsintheU.S.tosuspendin-personclasses

duringtherecentcoronaviruscrisishasshownhowimportantonlineteachingcanbs.Anddemandfbrsuch

programsisincreasing.

ThefinancialadvisingcompanyTytonPartners4theonlineprogrammanagementindustryatover

$1.5billionin2015.

Choksi,however,arguesthathercompanyis5apathtohighereducationfbrpeoplewhomightnot

havebeenabletogetadegreeotherwise.

PearsonEducationisoneofagrowingnumberofcompaniesthat6withschoolstocreateonline

studyaidsandfulldegreeprograms.Classesmeetonlinethroughvideo7.Inthisway,studentsareableto

8witheachotherandtheirprofessorsevenwhentheyarefarawayfromschool.

Onlinelearningalsopermitsolderstudents,whowork,full-timeandsupportfamilies,toworkontheir

educationintheirfreetime.Itcanbehelpfulforpeoplewhomighthavedifficultycomingtoacollegecampus,

suchasdisabledstudentsorthosewholivefarfromanycollegeoruniversity.

However,recentresearchsuggeststhemajorityofcollegestudentsandprofessorspreferin-personinstruction.

Inaddition,someexpertsare9thatcompaniesinchargeofonlinelearningprogramsarenotclearabout

thepoliciestheyhavewiththeschoolstheyserve.

Lastyear,theEDUCAUSECenterforAnalysisandResearchpublishedtwoopinionstudiesononlinehigher

educationprograms.Researchersaskedover40,000Americanundergraduatestudentsand9,500professorswhat

theythoughtabouttheseprograms.Inbothgroups,asleast70percentofpeoplesaidtheypreferin-person

K）.

III.ReadingComprehensions

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Theoralmicrobiome—thesumtotalo:microorganisms,includingbacteriaandfungi,thatoccupythehuman

mouth—wasthesubjectofacitizenscience-drivenstudybyJessicaMctcalFsresearchlabatCSUandNicole

Garneau'sresearchteamattheDenverMuseumofNature&Science.PublishedinScientificReports,thestudy

found,amongotherthings,acorrelationbetweenpeoplewhodidnotvisitthedentistregularlyand11

presenceofapathogenthatcausesperiodontaldisease.

Fortheexperiments,carriedoutbyGarneau'scommunityscienceteamintheGeneticsofTasteLabatthe

museum,awidecross-sectionofmuseumvisitorsansweredsimplequestionsabouttheirdemographics,lifestyles

andhealth12.Microbial（微生物的）DNAsequencingdataanalyzedbyMctcalFsgrouprevealed

broadly,thatoralhealthhabitsaffectthecommunitiesofbacteriainthe13.Thestudyunderscoredthe

needtothinkaboutoralhealthas14linkedtothehealthoftheentirebody.

“Ourstudyalsoshowedthatusingcommunityscientistscanbeareallygoodwaytogetthistypeof

15withouthavingtouselarge,case-controlledstudies/'saidZachBurcham,apostdoctoralresearcher

andthepaper'sleadauthor.SeniorauthorMetcalfisanassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofAnimalSciences

andamemberofCSU'sMicrobiomeNetwork.

Thestudy16peoplewhoflossed（用牙線清潔牙齒）ordidn'tfloss（almosteveryonesaidthey

brushed,sothatwasn'tusefuldatapoint）.Participantswhoflossedwerefoundtohave17microbial

diversityintheirmouthsthannon-flossers.Thisismostlikelyduetothephysicalremovalofbacteriathatcouldbe

causingdisease.

Adultswhohadgonetoa18inthelastthreemonthshadloweroverallmicrobialdiversityintheir

mouthsthanthosewhohadn'tgonein12monthsorlonger,andhadlessoftheperiodontaldisease-causing

oralpathogen.This,19.wasprobablyduetodentalcleaningremovingrarerbacterialtaxainthemouth.

Youthtendedtohavehadadentalvisitmorerecentlythanadults.

Youthmicrobiomeswere20amongmalesandfemales,andbyweight.Childrenconsideredobese

accordingtotheirbodymassindiceshaddistinctmicrobiomesascomparedtonon-obesechildren.Theobese

childrenalsotendedtohavehigherlevelsofTreponema,thesamepathogenfoundinadultswhohadn'tbeentothe

dentistinmorethanayear.21.theresearcherssawapossiblelinkbetweenchildhoodobesityand

periodontaldisease.uThiswasveryinterestingtome,thatwewereabletodetectthesedatainsuchageneral

population,withsuchavariablegroupofpeople/'Burchamsaid.

Otherdatauncovered:Themicrobiomesofyoungerparticipants,mostlyinthe8-to9-year-oldrange,had

morediversitythanthoseofadults.22.adultmicrobiomesvariedmorewidelyfrompersontoperson.

Theresearchersthinkthisisduetotheenvironmentsanddietsofadultsbeingmorewide-rangingthan

23.

Theyalsosawthatpeoplewholivedinihesamehouseholdhad24oralmicrobiomes.

“Whenyoulookatfamilieswholivetogether,youfindtheysharemoreofthose25taxa,the

bacteriathataren'tfoundasofteninhigherabundances,Burchamexplained.Itwasadatapointthatunderscored

therelevanceofone'sbuiltenvironmentinrelationshiptothemicrobialcommunitiesinourbodies.

11.A.increasedB.roseC.unexpectedD.decreased

12.A.problemsB.conditionsC.habitsD.plans

13.A.bodyB.mouthC.worldD.life

14.A.graduallyB.poorlyC.slightlyD.strongly

15.A.experimentD.studyC.dataD.findings

16.A.involvedB.groupedC.ignoredD.assessed

17.A.lowerB.averageC.noD.higher

18AhospitalB.checkC.dentistD.clinic

19.A.thereforeB.againC.moreoverD.however

20.A.harmfulB.commonC.specialD.different

21.A.InotherwordsB.TosumupC.InadditionD.Tooursurprise

22.A.BycontrastB.MeanwhileC.HoweverD.Furthermore

23.A.peersB.seniorsC.professionalsD.children

24.A.variousB.similarC.harmfulD.unique

25.A.rareB.commonC.unknownD.scarce

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

theonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

Extremesorrowclawsmymind.Iamastatistic.WhenIfirstgothere.Ifeltverymuchlonely.Ifoundno

sympathy.Isawonlythousandsofotherswhosebodieswereasbadlymangledasmine.Iwasgivenanumberand

placedinacategory,whichwascalled“trafficdeath”.

ThedayIdiedwasanordinaryschoolday.HowIwishIhadtakenthebus!ButIwastoocoolforthebus.I

rememberhowIwheedled（哄騙）thecaroutofMom."Specialfavor,Ipleaded.UA11thekidsdrive.”After

school,Irushedtotheparkinglot,excitedatthethoughtofdrivingacarandbeingmyownboss.

Itdoesn'tmatterhowtheaccidenthappened,Iwasgoingtoofasttakingcrazychances.ButIwasenjoyingmy

freedomandhavingfun.ThelastthingIrememberwaspassinganoldladywhoseemedtobegoingawfullyslow.I

heardacrashandfeltaterrificshake.Glassandsteelfleweverywhere.Mywholebodyseemedtobeturninginside

out.Iheardmyselfscream.

Suddenly,Iawakened.Itwasveryquiet.Isawapoliceofficerandadoctor.Iwassaturatedwithblood.Pieces

ofjaggedglasswerestickingoutallover.StrangethatIcouldn'tfeelanything.Hey,don'tpullthatsheetovermy

head.1can'tbedead.Tmonly17.I'msupposedtohaveawonderfullifeaheadofme.Ihaven'tlivedyet.Ican'tbe

dead!

LaterIwasplacedinadrawer.Myfolkscametoidentifyme.Whydidtheyseemelikethis?WhydidIhave

tolookatMomseyeswhenshefacedthemostterribleordealofherlife?Dadsuddenlylookedveryold.Hetold

themanincharge,<4Yes—heisourson.”

Please—somebody—wakemeup!Getmeoutofhere.Ican'tbeartoseeMomandDadinsuchpain.My

grandparentsaresoweakfromgrieftheycanbarelywalk.Mybrotherandsistermovelikerobots.

Pleasedon'tburyme!I'mnotdead!Ipromiseifyougivemejustonemorechance,God.Tilbethemost

carefuldriverinthewholeworld.AllIwantisonemorechance.Please,God,I'monly17.

26.Whydidthewriterbecomeastatistic?

A.Becausehewasmajoringinstatistics（統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)）intheschool.

B.Becausehefeltverylonelyatthatmoment.

C.Becausehewasdeadduetoatrafficaccident.

D.Becausehemadeafatalmistakeinstatistics.

27.Wheredidthetrafficaccidenttakeplace?

A.Onthewaytotheschool.B.Onthewayhome.

C.Nearapolicestation.D.Nearanoldlady'shouse.

28.Whatwasthecauseoftheaccident?

A.Iwasdrivingtoofast.

B.Iwastooyoungtodrive.

C.Iwantedtoavoidknockingdownanoldlady.

D.Iwasnotfamiliarwiththeroadcondition.

29.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Howcarelessayoungdriveris!B.Deadat17.

C.Anavoidabletragedy.D.Safedriveontheroad.

(B)

ShanghaiDisneylandAnnualPass

ShanghaiDisneylandisaplacewhereeverymomentispackedwithjoy,surprises,romance,fantasyand

excitement.Itrsplacewherefriendsandfamiliescometogethertoenjoymagicaladventures,andwiththenew

AnnualPass,availablefromJanuary25,2019.Guestswillbeabletoenjoyawholeyearofneverendingmagic!

Startyouryear-longmagicaljourneytodayfromthemomentyoupurchasethenewAnnualPass!

AsapassHolder,you'llenjoyexclusivebenefits,includingafullyearofeventsandparties,DisneyCharacter

greetings,anddiscountsondeliciousfoodandmerchandise!You'llalsoreceiveinvitationstospecialeventsandso

muchmore!

TherearethreetypesofShanghaiDisneylandAnnualPass(Differentpasstypesaresubjecttorestrictions

specifiedonthe“ShanghaiDisneylandAnnualPassCalendar"):

Any-dayAnnualPass:365daysofparkaccess,mayexcludesomeparkhoursforspecial

events

Weekday+SundayAnnualPass:Subjecttothepasscalendar,offersaminimumof250days

ofparkaccessduringpassvalidityperiod,includesmostweekdays,Sundays,andpartofthe

SummerandWinterHolidays.

SundayAnnualPass:Subjecttothepasscalendar,offersaminimumof45daysofpark

accessduringpassvalidityperiod,includesmostSundays

Passeligiblevisitdatesaresubjecttothepasscalendar,foundonthe“ShanghaiDisneylandAnnualPass

Calendar”pageontheShanghaiDisneyResortofficialwebsiteandtheShanghaiD:sneyResortoflicialWeChat

Account.GuestswillhavevisibilityforthefollowingthreemonthsofthePasscalendar(includingthecurrent

month).ThePasscalendarfbranewmonthwillbereleasedinthemiddleofeachmonth.Wemayrestrictthe

numberofpersonswithaccesstotheParkduetocapacity.

LaunchChannel:

FromJanuary25,2019,guestscanpurchasetheShanghaiDisneylandAnnualPassthroughtheShanghai

DisneyResortofficialWeChataccount,theShanghaiDisneyResortofficialWeChatMiniProgram“E-gifiTicket,“

theShanghaiDisneylandMainEntranceticketbooths,andtheShanghaiDisneyResortReservationCentreat400-

180-0000or+86-21-3158-0000.TheAnnualPasscanberedeemedandusedtoen:ertheparkfromJanuary

25,2019.

FromFebruary15,2019,guestscanpurchasetheShanghaiDisneylandAnnualPassviatheShanghaiDisney

ResortOfficialWebsiteandapp.TheAnnualPasscanberedeemed(兌換)andusedtoentertheparkfrom

February15,2019.

AnnualPassHoldersmustredeemtheirAnnualPassesattheShanghaiDisneylandMainEntranceticket

boothsduringparkhourseveryday.

Thankyouforyourunderstandingandcooperation!

30.WhichofthefollowingISN'TasellingpointoftheShanghaiDisneylandAnnualPass?

A.Lowerpriceswhileshoppingintheresort.

B.MeetingyourfavoriteDisneycharacter.

C.Accesstospecialactivities.

D.Fast-passtothenotattractions.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Youcan'tuseanAnnualPassonthedayyoubuyit.

B.OnceyoubuyanAny-dayAnnualPass,youcanenjoyyourselfinShanghaiDisneylandanydayinoneyear.

C.OnMay9th,aPassHoldercanknowthePasscalendarofAugust.

D.Weekday+SundayAnnualPassholdershaveatleast205moredaysofparkaccessthanSundayAnnualPass

holders.

32.JohncanbuyaSundayAnnualPassonJanuary30,2019throughthefollowingchannelsEXCEPT.

A.theE-giftTicketminiprogram

B.+86-21-3158-0000

C.theShanghaiDisneyResortOfficialWebsite

D.theShanghaiDisneylandMainEntranceticketbooths

(C)

AppleonTuesdaysaiditsrevenuefell5percentinthefirstquarter,comparedwith$88.3billionayearearlier,

aschiefexecutiveTimCookadmittedthatpeopleareholdingontotheiri-Phoneslonger.

Revenuefromthemakerifi-Phonescameinat$84.31billion,slightlyhigher(hanthecompanyestimated

earlierthismonth,whenitwantedthatsaleswouldfalltoabout$84billion.Atthetime,Cookcitedaslowdownin

China'seconomyaswellasPresidentTrump'stradewarfbrweakeningi-Phonedemand.ItwasApple'sfirst

warninginmorethan15years.

Apple'sstockjumpedmorethan4percentinafter-hourstrading.

Initsresults,Applesaidnetsalesofi-Phonesweredownbymorethan$9billioncomparedwiththesame

quarterlastyear.CookconcededthatmanyAppleusersare“holdingontotheirolderi-Phonesabitlongerthanin

thepast,“whichcontributedtoloweri-Phonedemand.Buthealsopointedtoshiftsinforeignexchangevaluesthat

madeAppleproductsmoreexpensiveincertainmarkets.

Consumersareholdingontotheirsmartphonesforthreeyearsorlonger.TheWashingtonPostreportedlast

month.Buthighersellingprices—withsomehigh-endmodelscostingover$1,000—havebeenableto

compensatefbrfewernewphonessold.

Salesincreasedinothercategoriessuchasservices,wear-ablesandtablets.Altogether,Applereportednet

incomeof$19.97billionforthequartercomparedto$20.01billioninthesameperiodayearearlier.Thepopularity

ofApple'ssmartwatchhasdrivensignificantgrowthinthecompany'swcar-ablcssegment,accordingtothe

company.

“Ourwear-ablesbusinessisapproachingthesizeofaFortune200company/,saidchieffinancialofficerLuca

Maestri.

WhileCookasknowledgedthecontinuingeconomicslowdowninChina,hesaiditis“notinourDNAto

standaroundwaitingformacrocconoinicconditions[oimprove“OneeffortAppleisundertakinginresponse,

Cookadded,istoencouragecustomerstotradeintheirolddevicesandreceivecredittowardpurchasingnew

phones.Appleoffereddeepdiscountsonitsi-PhoneXRaroundtheholidays,fbrinstance,forpeopletradingin

recentdevices.

Morethantwo-thirdsofApplecustomersinChinawhoboughtaniPadoraMaclastquarterwerefirst-time

purchasersofthosedevices,Cooksaid.

Apple,thefirsttrillion-dollarcompanylastyear,alsosaiditisexpectinglowerrevenuesnextquarter—

between$55billionand$59billion—comparedwiththesametimelastyear,whenitreportedrevenuesof$61.1

billion.Thecompanyattributedthelowerguidancetothesameforeignexchangeandmacroeconomicfactorsit

citedforthequarterthatendedinDecember.

ShareholderswerealreadyreelingfromApple'sacknowledgementthisweekofamajorflawinitsmobile

operatingsystemthatallowedattackerstoeavesdrop（竊聽）ontherecipientofFace-Timecalls.Appletoldusersit

isawareoftheissueandthatitplanstoreleaseasoftwareupdatethisweek.

TuesdaymarkedthefirstofApple'searningsreportsinwhichthecompanydienotreportthenumberofi-

Phonesitsoldinthequarter.Butthecompanydidsaythatthetotalnumberofi-Phonesactiveworldwidenow

standsat900million—apositivesignofAppleasitseekstoconvertmanyofitscustomersintousersofits

servicessuchasApplePayandAppleMusic.

33.AccordingtoTimCook,thefollowingaccountedforweakeningi-PhoncdemandEXCEPT.

A.AppleuserskeeptheirAppledeviceslongerthanbefore.

B.Themacroeconomicconditionshomeandabroadwerenotideal.

C.Thechangingexchangevalues.

D.Amajorbuginitsmobileoperatingsystem.

34.Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?

A.Appleisabouttotaketheinitiativetoturnarounditsbusiness.

B.Appleisnotgoodatdealingwithmacroeconomicconditioninaforeigncountry.

C.AppleisnotworriedabouttheeconomicslowdowninChinabecauseofitshugeconsumers.

D.Appleissureofovercomingthetemporarydownturninsaleswithitstechnology

35.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.OneofApple'sgoalsisthathisservicescanappealtomoreconsumers.

B.OnTuesday,Appledidn'tpublicizeitsearningsreportsbecauseofitspoorperformance.

C.Apple'swcar-ablescategorycanalmostcompetewithaFortune200company.

D.i-Phones'higherpricescontributetothefactthatthenumberofi-Phonessoldisdecreasing.

36Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A.Accordingtothepassage,Applehassold900millioni-Phonesaroundtheworld.

B.Appleoncebecametherichestcompanyintheworldlastyear.

C.Despitecurrentdifficulty,TimCookwasconfidentofthefutureofApple'srevenues.

D.MoreandmoreAppleusersbegantodisliketheirAppledevices.

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthe

box.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyou

need.

CultureInsider:Chopsticks

Chopsticks,orkuaiziinChinese,areapairofsmallequal-lengthtaperedsticks,usuallymadeofwood,used

foreatingAsianfood.Itisbelievedthefirstchopslicksweredevelopedover5.000yearsagoinChina.Theearliest

evidenceofapairofchopsticksmadeoutofbronzewasexcavatedfromtheRuinsofYinnearAnyang,Henan

province,datingbacktoroughly1,200BC.

ChopsticksplayanimportantroleinChinesefoodculture.37.Theyareroundontheeatingend

whichsymbolizesheaven,andtheotherendissquarewhichsymbolizesearth.Thisisbecausemaintainingan

adequatefoodsupplyisthegreatestconcernbetweenheavenandearth.

ThereisanoldChinesecustommakingchopstickspartofagirPsdowry,sincethepronunciationofkuaiziis

similartothewordsfor“quick"and"son".

Chopsticksaresofrequentlyusedindailylifethattheyhavebecomemorethanakindoftablewareandhave

fosteredasetofetiquetteandcustomsoftheirown.38.Whiletheprinciplesofchopsticketiquetteare

similarinmanyoftheseplaces,thefinerpointsmaydifferfromregiontoregion,andthereisnosinglestandardfor

theuseofchopsticks.Generally,chopsticksarenotusedtomakenoise,todrawattention,ortogesticulate.

39.Forexample,youcanbuyapairofexquisitechopsticksasagiftforyourfriendsandrelatives.

InChinese,'chopsticks'reads'kuaizi',whichmeanstohavesonssoon,soanewly-marriedcouplewillbevery

happytoacceptchopsticksastheirweddinggift.Skillfulcraftsmenpaintbeautifulsceneryonchopstickstomake

themlikefineartwork.Manypeoplelovetocollecttheseelegantutensils.

Ithasbeensaidthatusingchopsticksiirprovesone'smemory,increasesfingerdexterityandcanbeusefulin

learningandimprovingskillssuchasChinesecharacterprintingandbrushpainting.ManyAsiansuperstitions

revolvearoundchopsticksaswell.Forexample,ifyoufindanunevenpartofchopsticksatyourtablesetting,itis

believedyouwillmissthenexttrain,boatorplaneyouaretryingtocatch.40.

A.Chinesechopsticksareusually9to10incheslongandrectangularwithabluntend.

B.Withoutchopsticks,youcan'tevensayyouareenjoyingChinesefood.

C.Itisimportanttonotechopsticksareusedinmanydifferentpartsoftheworld,inmanydifferentcultures.

D.Also,droppingyourchopsticksisanomenofbadluck.

E.Thesechopsticksaretobereturnedtothedishesafteronehasservedhim-orherself.

F.Today,chopsticksservemanyfunctionsbesidesastableware.

第II卷

IV.Grammar

(A)

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword:fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

VideoGamesFosterCreativity?

Videogamesthatfostercreativefreedomcanincreasecreativityundercertainconditions,accordingtonew

researchfromIowaStateUniversity.TheexperimentalstudycomparedtheeffectfplayingMine-craft(《我的世

界》-一款游戲)，withorwithoutinstruction,towatchingaTVshoworplayingaracevideogame.Those

41(give)thefreedomtoplayMine-craftwithoutinstructionweremostcreative.

"It'snotjustthatMine-craftcanhelpinducecreativity.Thereseemstobesomethingaboutchoosingtodoit

thatalsomatters,“saidDouglasGentile,aprofessorofpsychology.

42youarenotfamiliarwiththegame,GentilesaysMine-craftislikeavirtualLegoworld.The

game,whichhassoldmorethan100millioncopies,allowsplayerstoexploreuniqueworldsandcreateanything

theycanimagine.StudyparticipantsrandomlyassignedtoplayMine-craftweresplitintotwogroups.Theone

receivinginstructionwastoldtoplayascreativelyaspossible.

After40minutesofplayorwatchingTV,the352participantscompletedseveralcreativitytasks.43

(measure)creativeproduction,theywereaskedtodrawacreaturefromaworldmuchdifferentthanEarth.More

humanlikecreaturescoredlowforcreativityandthoselesshuman-likescoredhigh.Surprisingly,thoseinstructed

tobecreativewhileplayingMine-craftwerethe44(creative).

Gentilesaysthere,snoclearexplanationforthisfinding.InthepaperpublishedbyCreativityResearch

Journal,he,JorgeBlanco-Hcrrcra,leadauthorandformermaster'sstudentinpsychology:andJeffreyRokkum,

formerPh.D.studentinpsychology,outlinedpossiblereasonswhytheinstructedMine-craftgroupscoredlower.

Blanco-Herrerasaystheinstructionsmayhavechangedsubjects'motivationfbrplay.

“45(tell)tobecreativemayhaveactuallylimitedtheiroptionswhileplaying,resultinginaless

creativeexperience,"Blanco-Herrerasaid."It'salsopossibletheyusedalltheir4creativejuices'whileplayingand

had46leftwhenitcametimetocompletethetest?,

Videogamescanhavebothharmfulandbeneficialeffects.Gentile'spreviousresearchhasshowntheamount

contentandcontextandvideogames47(influence)whatplayerslearnthroughrepeatedexperiences.

48muchofGentile'sresearchhastbcusedonaggressionorpro-socialbehavior,hesaysthesameappears

tobetruefbrcreativity.

Mostvideogamesencourageplayerstopracticesomelevelofcreativity.Forexample,playersmaycreatea

characterandstoryforrole-playinggamesorberewardedforcreativestrategiesincompetitivegames.The

researcherssayevenfirst-personshootergames49potentiallyinspirecreativityasplayersthinkabout

strategyandlookforadvantagesincombat.

“Theresearchisstartingtotellamoreinteresting,nuancedpicture.Ourresultsaresimilartoothergaming

research5()yougetbetteratwhatyoupractice,buthowyoupracticemightmatterjustasmuch,“Gentile

said.

(B)

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fbrtheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank

Honesty,mymumalwaysusedtotellme,isthebestpolicy.Butwhenitcomestomedicine,Ihadassumedit

wasimportant(oalwaysbehonestwithmypatients.Afterall,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisbasedontrust,and

thereforehonestyisessential,orsoIthought.

Ihadjuststartedworkingingeriatrics(老年病科).Mr.McMahon51(bring)inwhenhisbodywas

foundveryswollen(浮腫).Itookamedicalhistory52hisdaughterwhohadaccompaniedhiminthe

ambulance.She'dbeenhismaincarefbryears.Istood53(look)athimasshegaveadetailedhistory."Has

helostanyweightrecently?"Iasked,"Well,itsfunnyyoushouldmentionthat,butyes."Shesaidslowly.There

wassilencefbrafewmoments."Why?Whatareyou