初升高銜接英語(yǔ)句法知識(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)清單被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)太的用法使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題梳理1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如下表：類別構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willbe+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/wouldbe+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)________________+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeing+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)________________+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞梳理2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法當(dāng)我們不知道或沒(méi)必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的__________時(shí)，就要用到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略)。梳理3使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面的介詞或副詞等不可丟掉。如：Thecatwastakengoodcareofbymymother.(2)主動(dòng)句中，感官動(dòng)詞feel,see,watch等及使役動(dòng)詞have,make等后跟省略to的不定式，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)要加不定式符號(hào)to。如：Hewasseentoethismorning.(3)含雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)均可作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。如將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前要加________________如：SomebodygaveGinaapresentyesterday.Ginawasgivenapresentyesterday.ApresentwasgiventoGinayesterday.(4)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:happen,rise,appear,die,breakout,etrue,takeplace等。(5)連系動(dòng)詞以及表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：feel,look,cost,last,stay,own,belongto等。(6)英語(yǔ)中有些不及物動(dòng)詞通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。★某些連系動(dòng)詞，如smell,taste,sound,bee,feel,seem等。如：Theflowerssmellsweet.Theseorangestastegood.★某些可以和well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如read,write,wash,clean,draw,bum,cook等。如：Thepoemreadssmoothly.Thispenwriteswell.★某些與can’t,won’t等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如move,lock,shut,open等。如：Thedoorwon’tshut. Thestonecan’tmove.(7)want,need,require,beworth后常用____________的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Yourhairwantcutting. Myclothesneedwashing.刷題I.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.It_____________(know)toallthattheseislandsbelongtoChina.2.I_____________(keep)afterschoolforsomethinglastFriday.3.Thisquestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnow.4.I_____________(invite)totheconcertyesterdaybytheGreens.5.He_____________(think)todrivebadly.6.WhenIcamein,tea_____________(serve).7.Thenewkindofpen_____________(sell)well.8.Theglass_____________(notbreak)byLeechbutbythewind.9.Allthecopiesofthenovel_____________(sell)outinthebookstore,soIhavetoborrowonefromthelibrary.10.Manykindsoftrees_____________(plant)onthehillseveryspring.11.Thethief_____________(catch)bythepoliceandsenttothepolicestation.12.Usually,mydog_____________(lookafter)bymyneighborwhenI'maway.13.Theboyworkshardatschooland_____________(praise)bytheteacherquiteoften. ?14.Sinceyourwork_____________(finish),youcangohomenow.15.Yourradio_____________(repair)anditwillbereadyinanotherhour.16.Theclassroomshould_____________(clean)everyday.17.Atallbuilding_____________(build)inourtownnextyear.18.Lookatthesebeautifulflowers!They_____________(smell)sogood.19.Goodnews!Themissingchild_____________(find)!20.Thebigearthquake_____________(last)20to30seconds.II.把下列各句改為被動(dòng)句，每空一詞(含縮略詞)。1.Myfatherusuallycleansthegardenafterwork.Thegarden_____________usually_____________bymyfatherafterwork.2.Theteachermadethestudentscopythetext.Thestudents________________________copythetext.3.WesleytranslatestwoFrenchstorybooksintoChineseeveryyear.TwoFrenchstorybooks__________________________ChinesebyWesleyeveryyear.4.Youmustdoyourhomeworktoday.Yourhomework__________________________today.5.Theyareholdinganimportantmeetingonthethirdfloor.Animportantmeeting__________________________onthethirdfloor.6.PeoplegrowteainthesouthofChina.Tea__________________________inthesouthofChina.7.Todaypeopleuseputersinbothcitiesandtowns.Today_______________________________________peopleinbothcitiesandtowns.8.Lucydidn'tmakethemodelplanes.Themodelplanes____________________________Lucy.9.Samgavemesomeflowersthismorning.Someflowers_______________________________mebySamthismorning.10.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Anewbike_______________________________mybymyfather.III.下列各題中均有一處錯(cuò)誤,找出井改正。1.Thishouseisbuiltin2006.2.Hisbooksweretakengoodcare.3.Myhomeworkisalwaysdidintheevening.4.Theteacherwasaskedexplainthesentenceagain.5.Anewhouseisbeenbuiltbehindourschoolthesedays.6.Theaccidentwashappenedoutsidemyhouse.7.Mybikeneedsrepaired.8.Teenagersshouldbeeducatetokeepawayfromfire.IV.閱讀下列短文，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)填空。AYesterdayevening,ablackBMW1.____________(steal)fromoutsidethehomeofMr.JohnSimpson.Mr.Simpson2.____________(telephone)thepolice.Laterthatevening,thecar3.____________(see)intheHighStreetbyMr.Simpson'swife,Laura.ItwasoutsidetheRedLionHotel.Thekeyswereinthecar,soshe4.____________(drive)ithome!Nowthepolice5.____________(look)foracarelessthief!BTheStatueofLiberty(自由女神像)1.____________(give)totheUnitedStatesbyFrance.It2.____________(be)apresentonthe100thanniversary(周年紀(jì)念日)oftheUnitedStates.TheStatueofLibertywasdesigned(設(shè)計(jì))byFredericAugusteBartholdi.It3.____________(plete)inFranceinJuly1884.In350pieces,thestatuethen4.____________(ship)toNewYork,whereit5.____________(arrive)on17June1885.Thepieces6.____________(put)togetherandtheopeningceremony7.____________(takeplace)on28October1886.TheStatueofLiberty8.____________(be)46mhigh(93mincludingthebase).Thegoddessofliberty9.____________(hold)atorchinherrighthandandatablet(書(shū)寫(xiě)板)inherlefthand.OnthetabletyoucanseethedateoftheDeclarationofIndependence.Everyyear,theStatueofLiberty10.____________(visit)bymanypeoplefromallovertheworld.參考答案：【梳理I】am/is/arebeing;hadbeen【梳理2】承受者【梳理3】to或for:動(dòng)詞ing形式【刷題】I.1.isknown2.waskept3.isbeingdiscussed4.wasinvited5.isthought6.wasbeingserved7.sells