選擇性必修第一冊Unit4BodyLanguage（人教版2019）人與社會：人際溝通單元引言解讀WhatIhidebymylanguage,mybodyutters.—RolandBarthes釋義：Bodylanguagecanrevealwhatpeoplearethinking.啟示：開篇頁的名人名言出自法國作家、社會評論家和文學評論家羅蘭·巴特。這句話的字面意思是“我的身體會說出我用言語掩飾的話”。在實際生活中，因為各種原因，言語表達并不完全真實可信的情況確實普遍存在。通過邏輯推理并觀察行為表現(xiàn)、肢體語言甚至微表情，人們對言語表達的意思會形成更為綜合的印象或者判斷。因此，中文里也說“察言觀色”。名言名句積累人與社會：人際溝通1．Smileisthemostbeautifullanguageintheworld.微笑是世界上最美的語言。2．Agentlemanuseshistonguebutnothisfists.君子動口不動手。3．Whattheearhearsisfalse,butwhattheeyeseesistrue.耳聽為虛，眼見為實。4．Bylearningbodylanguagewecanbroadenourhorizonsandincreaseourknowledgeinvariousfields.通過學習肢體語言，我們能夠開闊我們的視野，增加我們在各領域的知識。5．Tomunicatesuccessfully,youmustalsolearnthebodylanguageofthatculture.為了成功地交流，你還必須學習那種文化的肢體語言。6．Peoplefromdifferentculturesmaymisunderstandthegesturestheyuse.來自不同文化背景的人們對彼此使用的手勢很有可能產(chǎn)生誤會。7．Standingwithone'shandsonone'shipsshowsthatapersonisangryinmanycultures,suchasMalaysia,Argentina,andMexico.在馬來西亞、阿根廷和墨西哥等許多文化中，雙手放在臀部站立表示一個人是憤怒的。8．ManyMexicansliketotouchpeopleonthearm.Thisshowsthattheywanttobefriendly.許多墨西哥人喜歡觸摸別人的手臂。這表明他們想要友好。9．WhenmunicatingwithsomeonefromTanzaniaorKenya,donotuseyourlefthandwhengivingorreceivingthingslikeabusinesscardorgift.當與坦桑尼亞或肯尼亞的人交流時，在贈送或接受名片或禮物等物品時，不要用左手。10．InVietnameseculture,theheadisconsideredthemostimportantpartofthebody.在越南文化中，頭部被認為是身體最重要的部分。11．IfaLebanesepersonstandsclosetoyou,donotfeelthattheyareenteringyourpersonalspace.PersonalspaceisrelativelysmallerinLebanonandmanyotherplaces.如果一個黎巴嫩人站在你身邊，不要覺得他們正在進入你的私人空間。在黎巴嫩和其他許多地方，個人空間相對較小。時文拓展閱讀Iswatchingsportsgoodforyourwellbeing?Ifyou'reasportsfan,youmaybefamiliarwiththe

emotionalrollercoaster

thateswithsports

spectatorship.Whetheryou'repartofa

buzzingcrowd

inastadium,orjustwatchingathomeonTV,it'seasytogetcaughtupinthehighsandthelowswhenyoucelebrateor

miserate

withyourfavouriteteamorathlete.Thosefeelingsaresostrong,infact,thatastudyfromCroatia,publishedinPubMed,showedthattheemotionalstressduringafootballmatchincreasedtheriskofa

cardiovascular

incident.Butcanwatchingsportsbegoodforyoutoo?Theevidencesuggeststhatpeoplewhowatchlivesportingeventsexperiencegreater

wellbeing

thanthosewhodon't.AstudypublishedinFrontiersinPublicHealthbytheAngliaRuskinUniversityintheUK,foundsports

spectators

feltlesslonelyandhadhigherscoresforlifesatisfaction.LeadauthorHelenKeyssaidinapressrelease,"watchinglivesportofalltypesprovidesmanyopportunitiesforsocialinteractionandthishelpsto

forge

groupidentityand

belonging."Shesaysthisthenreduceslonelinessandboostswellbeing.But,ifforanyreasonyouaren'tkeenongoingtoliveevents,don'tworry!WatchingsportsonTVorontheinternetmayalsohavepositiveeffects,accordingtoa2021studybyTsujiandcolleagues.Theyfoundthatolderadultswhowatchedsportswerelesslikelytohave

depressivesymptoms

thanthosewhodidn't.Ontopofthat,thesportsspectatorstendedtohavericher

socialnetworks

thannonspectators.Theauthorssuggestthatthesocialnetworksyougainthroughwatchingsportsmaylowertheriskofdepressivesymptoms.So,the

cheers

atalivesportseventorevencasual

chitchat

withfriendsaboutyourfavouriteteamcanbringasenseof

camaraderie

andmayreducelonelinessanddepression.Itseemsthehealthbenefitsofsportsarenotlimitedtophysicalactivitythroughparticipationinthem,butthatwecanmakegainsinourgeneralwellbeingthrough

socialbonding.【譯文欣賞】觀看體育比賽對身心健康有利嗎？如果你是一個體育迷，你可能熟悉體育觀眾帶來的情緒過山車。無論你是體育場里熱鬧的人群中的一員，還是只是在家里看電視，當你慶祝或同情你最喜歡的球隊或運動員時，都很容易陷入高潮和低谷。事實上，這些感覺是如此強烈，以至于克羅地亞發(fā)表在PubMed上的一項研究表明，足球比賽期間的情緒壓力增加了心血管事件的風險。但是看體育比賽對你也有好處嗎？證據(jù)表明，觀看現(xiàn)場體育賽事的人比不觀看的人更幸福。英國安格利亞魯斯金大學在《公共衛(wèi)生前沿》上發(fā)表的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，體育觀眾感到不那么孤獨，生活滿意度得分更高。主要作者海倫·凱斯在一份新聞稿中說：“觀看各種類型的現(xiàn)場體育比賽為社交互動提供了許多機會，這有助于塑造群體認同和歸屬感?！彼f，這可以減少孤獨感，提高幸福感。但是，如果出于任何原因，你不想?yún)⒓蝇F(xiàn)場活動，別擔心！根據(jù)Tsuji及其同事2021年的一項研究，在電視或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上觀看體育比賽也可能產(chǎn)生積極影響。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，觀看體育比賽的老年人比不觀看體育比賽者更不容易出現(xiàn)抑郁癥狀。除此之外，體育觀眾往往比非觀眾擁有更豐富的社交網(wǎng)絡。作者認為，通過觀看體育比賽獲得的社交網(wǎng)絡可能會降低抑郁癥狀的風險。因此，在現(xiàn)場體育賽事中的歡呼聲，甚至與朋友閑聊你最喜歡的球隊，都可以帶來一種同志情誼，并可能減少孤獨和抑郁。體育運動對健康的益處似乎不僅限于通過參與體育活動來獲得身體活動，而且我們可以通過社會聯(lián)系來提高我們的整體幸福感。【詞匯積累】emotionalrollercoaster情緒上的劇烈起伏spectatorship觀看buzzingcrowd熙熙攘攘的人群miserate為……惋惜、遺憾cardiovascular心血管的Wellbeing身心健康，幸福感spectator觀眾forge形成belonging歸屬感depressivesymptom抑郁癥狀socialnetwork社交網(wǎng)絡cheer歡呼聲chitchat閑聊camaraderie情誼、友誼socialbonding社會紐帶，社交聯(lián)系【知識拓展】人們在工作學習之余，欣賞體育表演和比賽還能陶冶情操，得到積極性的休息。運動員盡善盡美的表演，健、力、美和諧的統(tǒng)一，鮮明的節(jié)奏，默契的配合，表現(xiàn)出詩的情感，藝術的造型，給人以美的享受，從而忘掉憂愁和煩惱，有效地調(diào)整失去平衡的心理，改善人的心理和情緒，使人朝氣蓬勃，充滿活力，增進健康。人們在欣賞體育比賽的過程中可以看到運動員之間、運動員和裁判員之間、觀眾和運動員之間發(fā)生著頻繁而激烈的思想感情或行為上的交流。從中看到個人與集體的關系、人與人之間的合作精神、諒解精神、相互鼓勵的精神。在激烈的競爭中，還有嚴格的規(guī)則，受到誠實、守紀律和嚴密組織紀律性和熏陶。因此，體育欣賞能培養(yǎng)人們團結使用的精神，豁達合群的性格、愉快樂觀的情緒。【詞匯延伸】getcaughtup陷入困境被卷入，卷入到emotionalstress精神壓力綜合實戰(zhàn)演練（一）（2023高三·全國卷真題·專題練習）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathasetobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbeecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollowupstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.1．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation. B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.2．Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A．thecrowdswererelativelysmall B．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotmunicate D．estimateswerenotfullyindependent3．Whatdidthefollowupstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups. B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess. D．Theindividualestimates.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.閱讀理解推理判斷題命題規(guī)律探究

一、推理判斷題解題三步曲

1．定位信息：通過尋讀找到相關信息點。

2．字面理解：理解相關信息點字面意義。

3．深層理解：進而理解作者的言外之意。

二、推理判斷題干擾項特征

1.似是而非：只是對原文信息簡單重述，而不是依據(jù)文章提供事實依據(jù)推斷出來的結論。

2.夸大事實：對文章的事實或證據(jù)進行夸大；有時，選項內(nèi)容與原文一致無需推斷。

3.推理過度：選項往往過于絕對化或片面化(以偏概全)，有時會出現(xiàn)only,all等詞語。

4.摻入常識：根據(jù)考生已有常識是正確的，但不是根據(jù)文章中的證據(jù)推斷出來的結論。

三、推理判斷題五大解題技巧

1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住關鍵詞或短語利用逆向思維或正面推理。

2．整合全文(段)信息進行推斷。整合與題目相關的信息，綜合推理判斷定結論。

3．利用語境的褒貶性進行推斷。考慮主人公特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)褒貶性來推斷。

4．根據(jù)文章的結論推斷作者的態(tài)度。作者思想傾向和感情色彩隱含在字里行間。

5．根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結論。嚴格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實論點例證來推理。

1.OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGalton1.OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathasetobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.apaper后帶定語從句

what從句充當illustrate的賓語從句翻譯：1907年3月7日，英國統(tǒng)計學家弗朗西斯·高爾頓發(fā)表了一篇論文，闡述了后來被稱為“群體智慧”效應。Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

theexperiment后面接定語從句，heconducted，showthat接賓語從句翻譯：他所做的估計實驗表明，在一些在大量獨立估計的情況下，取平均值可能相當準確。Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.wasthat為表語從句，表語從句里面帶一個由when引導條件狀語從句，groups后面帶定語從句，

翻譯：這項研究的關鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當人群被進一步分成更小的小組進行討論時，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨立個體的平均值更準確。Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.兩個average后面都帶obtained的過去分詞做定語翻譯：例如，從四個五人討論組的估計中獲得的平均值比從20個獨立個體獲得的平均值更準確。AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.although為讓步狀語從句，studies后面帶led過去分詞做定語翻譯：盡管Navajas領導的研究存在局限性，許多問題仍然存在，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。statistician[st??t???n]n.statistician[st??t???n]n.________________________________________；illustrated[??l?stre?t?d]adj._______________________________________；estimation[??st??me???n]n._______________________________________；average[??v?r?d?]n.________________________；vt._______________；a._______________；estimate[??st?m?t]vt.估計；估價；評價；預估；n._______________；accurate[??kj?r?t]adj._______________；capitalize[?k?p?tla?z]vt.______________________________；capitalizeon_______________overestimate[?o?v?r??st?me?t]vt._______________；n._______________；underestimate[??nd?r??st?me?t]vt._______________；n._______________；cancelout_______________；wisdom[?w?zd?m]n._______________；independent[??nd??p?nd?nt]adj._______________；correlated[?k??r?le?t?d]adj._______________；accuracy[??kj?r?si]n._______________；phenomenon[f??n?m?n?n]n._______________；obtain[?b?te?n]vt._______________行；significantly[s?ɡ?n?f?k?ntli]adv._______________；followup[?f?l???p]n._______________；adj._______________；dominant[?d?m?n?nt]adj._______________；response[r??sp?ns]n._______________；frequently[?fri?kw?ntli]adv._______________；arguments[?ɑ?ɡjum?nts]n._______________；reasoning[?ri?zn??]n._______________；reduction[r??d?k?n]n._______________；limitation[?l?m??te??n]n._______________；implication[??mpl??ke??n]n._______________；enormous[??n??m?s]adj_______________；全文翻譯1907年3月7日，英國統(tǒng)計學家弗朗西斯·高爾頓(FrancisGalton)發(fā)表了一篇論文，闡述了后來被稱為“群體智慧”的效應。他進行的估算實驗表明，在某些情況下，大量獨立估計值的平均數(shù)是十分準確的。這種效果利用了這樣一個事實：當人們犯錯誤時，這些錯誤并不總是相同。有些人傾向于高估，有些人傾向于低估。當足夠多的這些誤差被平均在一起時，它們就會相互抵消，從而得到更準確的估算。如果人們是相似的，并且傾向于犯同樣的錯誤，那么他們的錯誤就不會相互抵消。用更專業(yè)的術語來說，群體智慧要求人們的估算是獨立的。如果由于某種原因，人們的錯誤變得相關聯(lián)或依賴，評估的準確性就會下降。但是，由華金·納瓦加斯（JoaquinNavajas）領導的一項新研究，為這一經(jīng)典現(xiàn)象提供了一個有趣的轉折。這項研究的關鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當人群被進一步分成更小的群體并允許進行討論時，這些群體的平均值比同樣數(shù)量的獨立個體的平均值更準確。例如，從4個5人的討論小組中得到的平均值比從20個獨立個體中得到的平均值要準確得多。在對100名大學生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實際做了什么。他們是否傾向于相信那些對自己的估計最有信心的人?他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人了嗎?這種情況有時會發(fā)生，但不是主要的反應。最常見的是，這些小組報告說他們“分享論點，一起推理”。不知何故，這些論證和推理導致了錯誤的全面減少。盡管納瓦加斯（Navajas）領導的研究有局限性，許多問題仍然存在，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。（二）（2425高二上·浙江·單元測試）Themysteriousscienceofreadinggesturesisexplainedusingpracticalexplanationsandclearimages.Gesturesareproductsofbothgenetic(遺傳的)andenvironmentalinfluences.Understandingourgesturesisnotasdifficultassomepeoplewouldhaveyoubelieve.Allhumanbeingsusethemandsoactuallyhavea“builtin”abilitytorecogniseandreadit.FingerscrossedGenerallythismeans“wishingforgoodluckorfortune”.Anotherexplanationcouldbeseenas“here’shoping”.ThegestureprobablyhasChristianoriginswherethegesturewasbelievedtogetawayfromevil.Assuch,peoplebelievethatcrossingthefingerswhentellingaliesomehowgetsawayfromtheevilofthelie.SomehistoriansbelievethatcrossingyourfingersisahiddenorsecretwayofmakingtheChristiansignofthecrossaperfectwayofdefeatingevils.Asagestureithasbothgoodandbadmeanings.Luckorlies.WavingthefirstfingerMothersandteachersaremonuserswiththishandgesture.Ingeneral,itisusedtowarnasingleperson.Itisachangeofthe“you”gesture.Iftranslatedintolanguageitwouldsay“Stopwhateveryouaredoingandpayattentiontome.IamyoursuperiorandIamwarningyou!”Classedasa“silent”parenttochildgesture,itisnotpletelyallowedinanformaloccasionwhereitwillbeexplainedasrude.Somepsychologistsbelievethatithasameaningofthewhip.5．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．Readinggesturesissecret. B．Gesturesareformedindailylife.C．Somepeoplemakereadinggesturesdifficultonpurpose. D．Itishardtoexplaingesturesbyimages.6．IfaChristiancrosseshisfingers,hewantsto.A．showheisn’tlucky B．wishtosucceedC．getsawayfromtheevilofthelie D．crossthestreet7．Ifyourmumwavesherfirstfinger,shewantsto.A．wishforgoodluck B．stopyouC．praiseyou D．helpyou（三）（2324高二上·全國·課后作業(yè)）RossGriffithswokeuponemorningonlytofindhimselfunabletospeak.Thisfiveyearoldboywasonlytwoweeksagodiagnosed(診斷)withaconditionsounusualthatithasn’tbeennamedandisinsteadknownas15q11.2．RossGriffithshasstruggledtogetbackhismunicationskills,buthasalwaysbeentooshytousehissignlanguageawayfromhomeandschool.ButafterseeingavideoofMiddlesbrough’sClevelandCentreFatherChristmassigningwiththreeyearoldMaliWilliams,RosstoldhismumthathewantedtosignwithFatherChristmas,too.RossandhisfamilywenttoseeFatherChristmasyesterday,alongwithMali,whowasinvitedbackforasecondvisit.FatherChristmassetupthespecialsecondmeetingwithMaliwherehegaveheralovelydoll.Ascrowdsofchildrenandparentsawaitedthearrivalofthebigmanattheshoppingcentre,FatherChristmastooksometimeoutbeforehisdutiestomeetagainwithMaliandwithRossbeforegoingontoseealltheotherchildren.Ross’smumBeckyLanehopedthatavisittothespecialFatherChristmaswouldhelpRossgetoverhisshyness.TheFatherChristmaseveryonebelievesinevenlearnedMakatonspeciallyforhismeetingwithRoss,asthisisthemunicationmethodtheyoungboyuses.“Hewastoofrightenedtousehissignlanguageoutsidethehouse,butwhenhesawthevideoofthegirlsigningwithFatherChristmas,itshowedhimhedidn’thavetobeshy.Hedidreallywell.AndhegotaPacMangameasagift.Nowhe’snotashyboyanymore,”Beckysaid.8．Accordingtothetext,wecanlearnthatRossGriffiths________．A．caughtadeadlydiseaseB．wasafraidofmunicatingwithstrangersC．foundithardtolearnsignlanguageD．dreamedofbeingaFatherChristmas9．Seeingthevideo,Rossmightfeel________．A．proud B．a(chǎn)ngry C．calm D．excited10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Makaton”mostprobablyreferto?A．Aformofsigning. B．Aforeignlanguage.C．AChristmassong. D．Akindofdance.11．AftermeetingFatherChristmas,wecanlearnthatRoss________．A．knewhowtoshopwisely B．wantedtogotoschoolagainC．rebuiltconfidenceinhimself D．couldspeaklikenormalpeople（四）（2324高二上·陜西咸陽·期中）Everyone“talks”withtheirhandsatleastsometimes.Somepeople’shandtalking,orgesturing(手勢)matchestheirmessageswell.Otherpeopleliketomakegesturesthatcanbeconfusing.Andstillothersdon’tusetheirhandsmuchatall.Nomatterwhichgroupyouarein,it’simportanttopayattentiontoyourhandgestureswhileyouaremunicating.Andalsorememberhandgesturescanhaveculturalmeanings.Afewyearsago,IwasaspeakerataconferenceinLisbon,Portugal.ItwasmyfirsttimeinPortugal,andIbecameimmediatelyfondofthespecialpastries(糕點)thatLisbonandPortugalareknownfor.OnemorningIwentintoabakeryandorderedtwoofthepastries.Ididsobyholdinguptwofingers,similartothe“victory”or“peace”gestureintheUnitedStates.Thepersonbehindthecounterputthreepastriesinthebox.Ilaterlearnedthatthegesturefortwowouldraisethumbandindexfinger.Eventhoughmythumbwasn’tshowing,thepersonbehindthecounterthoughtIwassignalingforthree.IwasluckythatIdidn’tgetintomoretroublethananextrapastry.Manyhandgesturesarenotuniversal.Beforespeakinginacountrythatyouarenotfamiliarwith,dosomeresearchtofindoutwhichgesturesmightbemisunderstood,notunderstoodatallorrude.12．WhydidtheauthorgotoLisbon,Portugal?A．Totastepastries. B．Totakeaholiday.C．Toattendameeting. D．TolearnPortugueseculture.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“universal”refertoinpara.3?A．Normal. B．Independent. C．mon. D．plex.14．Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sexperience?A．OneshouldbecarefulwhenorderingfoodinPortugal.B．Handgesturesmayhavedifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.C．Thepersonbehindthecounterunderstoodtheauthor’sgesture.D．Thepersonbehindthecountercheatedtheauthor.15．Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto______.A．tellusthathandgesturesarenotthesameworldwideB．explainthegeneraluseofgesturesC．a(chǎn)skustousecorrecthandgesturesinPortugalD．shareafunnystoryinPortugal（五）（2324高一下·湖北·階段練習）Mr.Smith,theprofessoratmybusinessclass,hadauniquewayofgoingovertheanswerstoourweeklytests.Foreachquestion,hewouldaskarandomstudentfortheiranswerandthencontinuetogrill(盤問追問)him/her,forcinghim/hertodefendthatanswer.Itwascertainlyamemorablewaytoreview.HowIwishedI’dbeenamoreexperiencedstudentandgotusedtotheprofessor’sgrilling!Iwasn’t,though.Butinmyanatomy(解剖學)class,Dr.Cuddyintroduced“highpower”and“l(fā)owpower”bodypositions,saying“highpower”positionsinvolvetakingupmuchspaceandmakingyourselflookbig,while“l(fā)owpower”poses,incontrast,involvemakingyourselflooksmall,keepingyourarmsandlegscrossedandheldclose.Peopletendtoseeotherswithhighpowerposesasnaturalleaders,andaremorewillingtohirethem.Herresearchfindingwasthatspendingjusttwominutesstandinginahighpowerposeincreasedaperson’sfeelingofpowerandselfconfidence.Shewantedustotryitout.Onmynextquizreviewday,insteadofbendingovermybookstudyingquietly,Isatupstraightandspreadoutmybooksandnotebooksontheentiresurfaceofmydesk.Whenourteacheraskedifanyonehadanyquestionsaboutthematerialbeforewebeganourquizreview,Iraisedmyhand.Theeffectwassurprising.Myprofessoransweredmyquestionasiftalkingtoacolleague,andIhadawonderfulfeelingofcalm.Suddenly,IrealizedthattheimportantthingwasthatIwasparticipating.Ijustneededtoengagefullyintheclassandlearn.Today,beforeapresentationoratest,Ispendafewminutes“thinkingbig”—takingupspaceandbeingseen.ItcalmsmedownandwhenIdo,mybestalwaysturnsouttobeprettygood.16．Howdidtheauthorperforminhisbusinessclass?A．Hewasgoodatdefendinghisanswer.B．Hehaddifficultygettingusedtotheprofessor.C．Hedidgoodmemorizationforhisweeklytests.D．Hefeltconfidenttoquestionagainsttheteacher.17．WhatdidDr.Cuddywantherstudentstotryout?A．Keepingtheirarmscrossedatatalk. B．Keepingtheirdeskscleaninclass.C．Usinglowpowerposesinclass. D．Takingahighpowerposebriefly.18．Accordingtothepassage,whichoneisalowpowerpose?A．Openingyourarmsaboveyourhead.B．Sittingwithyourtwofeetout.C．StandinguprightandmakingaVwithtwofingers.D．Bendingoverandfoldingyourarms.19．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards“thinkingbig”?A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Indifferent.（六）（2024·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·三模）HowtoReadCandidates’BodyLanguageinanInterviewBodylanguagematters,especiallyininterviews.20Ourposture,gestures,movementsorfacialexpressionscanshapeourreputations.Learningtoreadbodylanguageisaboutunderstandingcandidates’motives.Readingbodylanguageduringinterviewscanprovidevaluableinsightsintoacandidate’spersonality.21Herearesomemoninterviewbodylanguagesignalsthatyoucanlearntoread.Observeextremebehaviour.Acandidate’sharmlessactiondoesn’tmeantheywon’tfitinwellatyourpany.Butbecarefulaboutextremebehaviours,likeapersonconstantlycheckingtheirphone.22Youcanreadpeople’sbodylanguagebyobservingchangesintheirmovementsorposture.Imagine,forexample,thatacandidatesuddenlystartstappingtheirfoot.Maybetheyfeeltheinterviewistakingtoolong.Orperhapsthey’refacinganunfortablequestion.Connectthedots.23Forexample,peoplemaycrosstheirarmswhenthey’recold.But,whenyouseeacandidatecrossingtheirarms,crossingtheirlegsandballingtheirfistsatthesametime,prepareyourselfforanaggressive(咄咄逼人的)answer.Candidateexperiencegreatlydependsonaninterviewer’sbodylanguage.Positivebodylanguagecanmakecandidatesrelaxandopenup.Negativebodylanguagecanspark(引發(fā))defensiveandreservedreactions.24A．Spotthedifference.B．Askdetailedquestions.C．It’snotwhatyousay,it’showyousayit.D．Theydon’tnecessarilyactthesamewayallthetime.E．However,understandingbodylanguageisn’tanexactscience.F．Youcan’talwaystellwhataspecificgesturemeansonitsown.G．Beawareofmistakestopreserveapositivecandidateexperience.（七）完形填空（2324高二上·全國·課后作業(yè)）Whenwemunicatewithotherpeople,weoftenusenotonlywordsbutalsobodylanguage.Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itspeaks25thanwords.Accordingtospecialists,ourbodiessendoutmoremessagesthanwerealize.Infact,non-verbalmunicationtakesupabout50%ofwhatwereally

26.Andbodylanguageisparticularly27whenweattempttomunicateacrosscultures.Indeed,whatiscalledbodylanguageisso28apartofusthatit’sactuallyoftenunnoticed.Andmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit.Forexample,differentsocietiestreatthe29betweenpeopledifferently.NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehavingbodilycontactevenwithfriends,andcertainlynotwith30.PeoplefromLatinAmericancountries,31,toucheachotherquitealot.Therefore,it’spossiblethatinconversation,itmaylooklikeaLatinois32aNorwegianallovertheroom.TheLatino,tryingtoexpressfriendship,willkeepmoving33.TheNorwegian,veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness,willkeep34—whichtheLatinowillinreturnregardas35.Clearly,agreatdealisgoingonwhenpeople36.Andonlyapartofitisinthewordsthemselves.Andwhenpartiesarefromdifferentcultures,there’sastrongpossibilityof37.Butwhateverthesituationis,thebest38istoobeytheGoldenRule:treatothersasyouwouldliketobe39.25．A．straighter B．louder C．harder D．further26．A．hope B．receive C．discover D．mean27．A．immediate B．misleading C．important D．difficult28．A．well B．far C．much D．long29．A．trade B．distance C．connections D．greetings30．A．strangers B．relatives C．neighbours D．enemies31．A．inother