Unit4Earthquakes[話題單詞]1．earthquaken. 地震2．tsunamin. 海嘯3．explosionn. 爆炸4．emergencyn. 緊急情況5．reactionn. 反應(yīng)6．crashv. 撞毀7．panicv. 驚慌8．recoverv. 復(fù)原9．threatenv. 威脅10．unitev. 團(tuán)結(jié)；聯(lián)合11．a(chǎn)ttackv. 攻擊；襲擊12．hit/strikev. 襲擊；(災(zāi)難)突然發(fā)生13．hopelessadj. 無(wú)助的14．dramaticallyadv. 劇烈地15．sufferingn. 痛苦；苦難[話題短語(yǔ)]1．staycalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜2．rescuework救災(zāi)工作3．(atyphoon)hit/strike...襲擊某地4．returntonormal恢復(fù)正常5．a(chǎn)nearthquaketookplace/occurred/happenedinsomeplace某處發(fā)生地震6．sufferfromthenaturaldisaster遭受自然災(zāi)害7．overethedifficulty克服困難8．rescue...from拯救9．trappedpersons被困人員10．beinruins成為廢墟11．causegreatdamage/economiclosses造成巨大損失/經(jīng)濟(jì)損失12．housescollapse/falldown房屋倒塌13．washawaybuildings，roadsandbridges沖走房屋、道路、橋梁14．callonpeopletomakedonations呼吁人們捐贈(zèng)15．takeonanewlook呈現(xiàn)新面貌[話題佳句]1．Inthepasthundredyears，therehavebeenfrequentnaturaldisasterssuchasfloods，droughts，andearthquakes.在過(guò)去的幾百年里，經(jīng)常發(fā)生諸如水災(zāi)、干旱和地震這樣的自然災(zāi)害。2．Aftertheearthquakeonlyafewhouseswereleftstanding.地震過(guò)后只有幾幢房屋還立著。3．Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins，thecitytookonanewlook.遭遇一次大地震并被淪為廢墟之后不久，這座城市就呈現(xiàn)出一個(gè)新面貌。4．IntheearthquakethathappenedinLudianCounty，YunnanProvinceonAugust3,2014，alargenumberofhousesandbuildingsweredestroyed，andsomeofthemwerealmostinruins，whichcausedgreatdamagetothelocaleconomy.在2014年8月3日發(fā)生在云南省魯?shù)榭h的地震中，大量的房屋和建筑物被破壞，其中有一些幾乎成為廢墟，這對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了巨大損害。5．Nothingissobigthatitisimpossibletogetover，andhurtonlyservestomakeusstronger.沒(méi)有什么東西強(qiáng)大到難以克服，傷害只能使我們更加強(qiáng)大。[佳作背誦]4月20日，你省某市發(fā)生了強(qiáng)烈地震，造成很大損失，學(xué)校號(hào)召全體師生向?yàn)?zāi)區(qū)捐款。請(qǐng)你擬一份發(fā)言稿，在學(xué)校捐款動(dòng)員大會(huì)上使用。發(fā)言稿主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：1．對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)情況的簡(jiǎn)單介紹(包括地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、造成的財(cái)產(chǎn)和人員損失等)；2．捐款的意義(幫助災(zāi)區(qū)人民渡過(guò)難關(guān)、幫助災(zāi)區(qū)重建)；3．如何捐款(自愿、多少不限、以班級(jí)為單位，收齊后交到學(xué)校紅十字會(huì))。[佳作欣賞]Dearteachersandstudents，Asweallknow,aterribleearthquakehappenedinacityofourprovinceonApril20,inwhichmanybuildingsweredestroyedandmanypeoplewereinjured.Inordertohelptheearthquakevictimstogothroughthehardtimesandrebuildtheirhometown,theschoolhascalledoneveryoneinourschool,includingbothteachersandstudents,todonatemoneytotheearthquake-strickenarea.Thisdonationisvoluntary.Youcangiveawayhowevermuchyouwantto.ThemoneywillbecollectedbyeachclassbeforeitishandedtotheRedCrossSocietyofourschool.Wehopethateveryonewillbekindenoughtodowhatyoucantohelpourfellowmenoutofthedifficulty.Thankyou.一．高考單詞→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用1．核心詞匯①burstvi.爆裂；爆發(fā)n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)②ruinn．廢墟；毀滅vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)③trapvt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境④destroyvt.毀壞；破壞；消滅⑤buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏⑥r(nóng)escuevt.&n．救援；營(yíng)救⑦damagen.&vt.損失；損害⑧expressvt.表達(dá)；表示n．快車(chē)；速遞⑨judgen．裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷；判決judgmentn．判斷⑩injurevt.損害；傷害injuredadj.受傷的injuryn．傷害；損害?frightenvt.使驚嚇；嚇唬frightenedadj.受驚的；受恐嚇的frighteningadj.令人恐懼的?shockn．休克；震驚；打擊vt.&vi.使震驚；震動(dòng)shockedadj.震驚的shockingadj.令人震驚的2．?？荚~匯①congratulationn．祝賀pl.賀詞②eventn．事件；大事③sufferingn．苦難；痛苦④disastern．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍⑤sheltern．遮蔽處；避身處；掩蔽⑥sincerelyadv.真誠(chéng)地；真摯地⑦trackn．軌道；足跡；痕跡⑧nationn．民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民nationaladj.國(guó)家的，民族的⑨uselessadj.無(wú)用的；無(wú)效的；無(wú)益的usefuladj.有用的⑩extremeadj.極度的extremelyadv.極其，非常用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Igotarescue(rescue)callfromawomaninMuttontown.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)2．Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremely(extreme)popularwiththepublic.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)3．Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnational(nation)emergency.(2016·北京卷)4．Larrytoldherthatsheshouldnotmoveincasesheinjured(injure)herneck.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)5．Theartworldgavemeachanceto_express(express)myselfwithoutwords.(2016·天津卷)6．Eveninitscurrentstate,theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgment(judge)．(2016·江蘇卷)7．Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrightening(frighten)experience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.(2016·浙江卷)8．Manyoftheimageswerestoredinthedamaged(damage)woodenship.(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)9．Sheencouragedasenseofmunitybycreatingshelters(shelter)andpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)10．Thepeopletrapped(trap)inhigh-risebuildingsinspiredNataliemost.(2016·北京卷)?“天氣及自然災(zāi)害”相關(guān)單詞總匯①disastern．災(zāi)難；不幸②earthquaken．地震③droughtn．旱災(zāi)；干旱④eruptionn．(火山)噴發(fā)⑤thundern.&v．雷聲；打雷⑥lightningn．閃電⑦showern．陣雨⑧thunderstormn．雷暴⑨t(yī)ornadon．龍卷風(fēng)⑩hurricanen．颶風(fēng)?typhoonn．臺(tái)風(fēng)?tsunamin．海嘯?hazen．霧霾?“破壞”家族①damagen.&vt.損失；損害②destroyvt.毀壞；毀掉③ruinn.&vt.毀滅；廢墟?“adj.＋-ity＝n.”薈萃①electricity電②popularity受歡迎，流行③reality現(xiàn)實(shí)④similarity相似點(diǎn)⑤security安全⑥equality平等⑦nationality國(guó)籍⑧personality個(gè)性⑨activity活動(dòng)⑩majority大多數(shù)?過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞仍是動(dòng)詞原形的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞小結(jié)①burst破裂；爆發(fā)②cut切，剪，割，削③hurt傷害④broadcast播放⑤cost花費(fèi)⑥set放置⑦shut關(guān)閉⑧split撕裂⑨spread伸展，張開(kāi)⑩upset擾亂二．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用1．be＋過(guò)去分詞/形容詞＋介詞①beburiedin埋頭于②betrappedin陷入③beproudof以……而自豪2．介詞＋名詞①atanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)②inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪3．其他形式①digout掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)②judgingfrom從……判斷③rightaway立刻；馬上④thinklittle/nothingof以為……沒(méi)什么了不起⑤a(great)numberof許多；大量的⑥asif仿佛；好像用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1．PaullookedoutthebackwindowandsawthewolfstandingoverMac’sbicycleas_ifitwereakill.(2017·浙江卷)2．Theydidn’tthink_much_ofitwhentheysawtwocyclistsrepairingtheirbikeonthesideoftheroad.(2017·浙江卷)3．WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodin_ruins.(2016·北京)4．Justwaitafewminutes.We’llbebackright_away.5．Shewas_trapped_intheburninghouse,whichworriedherparents.“in＋n.”表狀態(tài)集錦①inbattle在戰(zhàn)斗中②intears流著淚，在哭著③indebt負(fù)債，欠賬④inplace在合適的位置，適當(dāng)?shù)蘑輎ndanger在危險(xiǎn)中⑥introuble/difficulty處于困境中⑦insight被見(jiàn)到，在視線之內(nèi)⑧inorder秩序井然，整齊三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫(xiě)中學(xué)通背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫(xiě)1.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至連豬都緊張得不想吃食。too...to...意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義。我們本打算旅游兩天，但是太忙了，抽不出時(shí)間。Wehadintendedtotakeatwo-daytrip,butwewere_too_busy_to_affordit.2.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日！asif“好像；似乎；仿佛”。后常接表語(yǔ)從句或方式狀語(yǔ)從句，若表示非真實(shí)情況常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這個(gè)講故事的人以一種生動(dòng)的方式給我們講故事，好像他親身經(jīng)歷過(guò)的一樣。Thestorytellerwastellingusastoryinavividwayas_if_he_had_experienced_it_himself.3.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。本句是部分否定。All...not...＝Notall...“并不是所有的……都……”。并非所有的學(xué)生都遵守學(xué)校規(guī)章制度，因此作為一名老師，我們應(yīng)嚴(yán)格要求他們。All_students_don’t_obey/Not_all_students_obeytheschoolrules,soasateacher,weshouldbestrictwiththem.burstvi.爆裂；爆發(fā)；突然闖入n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)(1)burstin/into闖入；突然破門(mén)而入burstout突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(burstoutcrying/laughing,burstintotears/laughter))突然哭起來(lái)/笑起來(lái)burstwithanger/joy勃然大怒/樂(lè)不可支(2)aburstof一陣……①(教材原句)Inthecity，thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物的水管爆裂開(kāi)來(lái)。②(2016·北京卷)Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout，particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.年輕人很可能爆發(fā)，這一點(diǎn)也不讓人吃驚，尤其是當(dāng)有這樣做的理由時(shí)。③Thatballoonwill_burst(burst)ifyoublowitupanymore.你再給氣球充氣，它就要爆了。injurevt.損害；傷害(1)injuredadj.受傷的theinjured傷員(2)injuryn．傷；傷口；傷害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.傷害某人①(教材原句)Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.他們中有2/3在地震中傷亡。②Thevictimsufferedadreadfulinjury(injure)andlostalotofblood.受害者受了重傷，大量失血。injure/wound/hurt/harminjure多指意外事故造成的傷害，也可指對(duì)名譽(yù)、地位的損害。其名詞形式為injurywound既可以作動(dòng)詞，也可以作名詞。指人在戰(zhàn)斗、攻擊中受傷，身體上出現(xiàn)明顯的傷口，多指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷hurt既可以作動(dòng)詞，也可以作名詞。多指精神上受到傷害，也可指身體上的疼痛harm既可以作動(dòng)詞，也可以作名詞。指身體或精神上的損害或?qū)χ車(chē)挛锏奈：?。意為“傷害，損害”。常用短語(yǔ)doharmto“對(duì)……有害”③Heretiredfromthearmybecauseofbeing_wounded(wound)inafight.Soonafter，hemetwithanaccident，wherehewasnotinjured(injure)luckilybutwas_hurt(hurt)tosomedegree.他因在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次車(chē)禍，幸運(yùn)的是他身體沒(méi)有受傷，但在一定程度上心靈受了創(chuàng)傷。④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thesechemicalsefromtheinjured(injure)partsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專(zhuān)心(1)beburiedin＝buryoneselfin＝beabsorbedin埋頭于；專(zhuān)心于beburiedinthought沉思(2)buryoneselfinstudy埋頭研究；專(zhuān)心學(xué)習(xí)buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面①(教材原句)Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.救援部隊(duì)組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來(lái)，并將死者掩埋。②Eversincehemovedthere，hehas_buried_himself/has_been_buried(bury)inhisresearchwork.自從搬到那里以后，他一直在專(zhuān)注于研究工作。③Buried/Burying_himself(bury)inhisstudy，hedidn’tknowthatalltheothershadleft.他埋頭學(xué)習(xí)，不知道其他人都早已離開(kāi)了。表“專(zhuān)心于某事”的短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的還有：bedevotedto，beabsorbedin，beaddictedto，belostin，focuson，concentrateonatanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)(1)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(intheend最后，終于,attheendof...在……盡頭，在……末端,bytheendof到……結(jié)束時(shí)，到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用))(2)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(bringsth.toanend使結(jié)束，終止,putanendto使結(jié)束，終止,etoanend結(jié)束,makebothendsmeet使收支相抵，量入為出；,靠微薄收入為生))(3)endupwith以……結(jié)束endupdoingsomething以做某事結(jié)束；最后處于……endinsth以……結(jié)束①(教材原句)Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日?、贏tfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheendedupapologizing(apologize)．最初他拒不承認(rèn)有任何責(zé)任，到頭來(lái)還是道了歉。③At_the_end_of(在……末)themeeting，thegeneralmanagersaidinaloudvoice，“We’vetriedhardtosolvethefinancialproblem，andin_the_end(終于)we’vesucceeded.Soby_the_end_of(到……結(jié)束時(shí))nextweek，thebadsituationwilleto_an_end(結(jié)束)andeverythingwillbeallright.”在會(huì)議快結(jié)束時(shí)，總經(jīng)理大聲地說(shuō)，“我們已盡力去解決財(cái)政問(wèn)題，我們最終成功了。所以到下星期末，這種不利的局面將結(jié)束并且一切將好起來(lái)”。a(great)numberof許多；大量的eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(many,agreatmany,agoodmany,agood/largenumberof))eq\a\vs4\al(＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ))eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(much,little,agood/greatdealof,alargeamountof))＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(alotof,lotsof,plentyof))eq\a\vs4\al(＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ),＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ))(large)amountsof＋名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)quantitiesof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)aquantityof＋名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)amassof＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)amassof＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)massesof＋名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)agreatdeal修飾形容詞比較級(jí)①(教材原句)Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.那么多的人喪生是因?yàn)榈卣鸢l(fā)生在人們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候。②Largenumbersofdeadfishalongtheshoreofriverhave_appeared(appear)inthesedays.近幾天河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)大量死魚(yú)．③Quantitiesof/Massesoffoodwere(be)onthetable.飯桌上有許多飯菜。anumberof.../thenumberof...anumberof...許多；大量的，后接可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式thenumberof...……的數(shù)目，后接可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式④Anumberofteachersare(be)presenttoday，andthenumberofthemis(be)300.許多教師今天都出席了，人數(shù)達(dá)到了300。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(manya,morethanone))＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwere_leftwithoutparents.成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭遇難，許許多多的孩子變成孤兒。leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)。leave在此句式中作使役動(dòng)詞用，既有“剩下，留下”