中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)專題1-1名詞詳解及專練名詞的分類及單復(fù)數(shù)

(一）名詞分類及單復(fù)數(shù)

I.名詞的種類：

名

詞

類

別意

義例

詞專有名詞表示具體的人名、事物、國(guó)家、地名機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等的專有名稱

Jim,China,Qingdao,theUK,

theGreatWall普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示單個(gè)人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,

cat,country集合名詞表示一群人或一些事物的總稱

people,police,team,clothes,

group,crew不

可

數(shù)

名

詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)water,ice,pork,cheese,

cotton,

air抽象名詞表示抽象概念的詞fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care

注：1.專有名詞是指人、地方、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等特有的名稱。第一個(gè)字母必須大寫。專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。2.有普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞“the”，但它不大寫。

3.有些不可數(shù)名詞有時(shí)表示為具體的東西時(shí)，則變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，而且以四上也有了變化。

eg.

beer----abeer

一杯啤酒，

work---awork

工廠，著作

，glass---aglass

一個(gè)玻璃杯，

room空間---aroom一個(gè)房間

II.名詞的數(shù)：

可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式：可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在名詞前加“a或an”；名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

1．

有規(guī)則變化復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞后加“-s或-es”，現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞

一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2

以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es

class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes

（注：但stomach-stomachs例外）

以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives加-s

belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs，serf-serfs,safe（保險(xiǎn)箱）→safes

handkerchief（手帕，手絹）的復(fù)數(shù)形式兩者都可以4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5

以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6

以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoe不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos(火山)

7

以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s

radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos

2．不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則

例詞

1

改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice,child-children,tooth→teeth等

2

單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,Chinese，Japanese

3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses

4

一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)

people,police,cattle5

部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）

audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6

復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義

customs(海關(guān)),forces(軍隊(duì)),times(時(shí)代),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件報(bào)紙),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)7表示“某人加-s

Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans

單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends

無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups,

housewives,將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，只有man,womenwomensingers,

menservants

練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！

()1.Mathematics

______easytolearn.

A.is

B.are

C.can

D.feels

()2.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.

A.roofs,leafs

B.roofs,leaves

C.rooves,leafs

D.rooves,leaves

()3.Theanthastwo____.

A.stomaches

B.stomacks

C.stomach

D.stomachs

()4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.

A.people

B.person

C.thepeople

D.theperson

()5.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.

A.ideas

B.photos

C.news

D.stories

()6.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.

A.orange,orange

B.oranges,oranges

C.oranges,orange

D.orange,oranges

()7.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.

A.manyexperiences

B.muchexperience

C.anexperience

D.alotexperience

()8.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.

A.Frenchmen,Germans

B.Germans,Frenchmans

C.

Frenchmans,Germen

D.Germen,Frenchmen

()9.Helpyourselfto______.

A.chickensandapples

B.chickensandapple

C.chickenandapple

D.chickenandapples

()10.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?

---_________,please.

A.Twocupofcoffee

B.Twocup’sofcoffee

C.Twocupsofcoffee

D.Twocupsofcoffees

09年各地中考真題

()

1.（2009·廣州）

—Youlookverytiredthismorning.Whatdidyoudoyesterdayafternoon?

—Idid

Christmasshopping.

A.alotof

B.afewof

C.anumberof

D.apieceof

()2.（2009·廣州）

Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn't

news.

A.many

B.afew

C.much

D.few

()3.（2009·湖北武漢）

—Dothedishes,Mike,orIwilltellmum!

—Mindyourown

,Sue!

A.action

B.duty

C.business

D.way

()4.（2009·湖北武漢）

—Whydoyougetupsoearlyinthemorning,Tracy？

—Igenerallymakeita

tobeupby7toreadEnglish.

A.plan

B.wish

C.secret

D.rule

()5.（2009·山東威海）

---Whydidn’tyoutakeataxibacklastnight?

---BecauseIdidn’thaveany______withme.

A.food

B.bicycle

C.friend

D.money

()6.（2009·四川成都

Johnalwayssaysthathelikesapplesofallthe______.

A.vegetables

B.fruits

C.drinks

()7.（2009·江西）

---Youlookworried.What’syour______?

---IhavetroublelearningEnglish.

A.name

B.question

C.problem

D.job

()8.（2009·江蘇南京）

---Oh,myGod!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?

---I’mafraidwehaveno______buttotakeataxi.

A.choice

B.decision

C.reason

D.information

()9.（2009·河南）

Ilike_____alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.

A.fish

B.butter

C.potatoes

D.noodles

()10.（2009·湖北宜昌）

---In

my

opinion,China

hasmore______to

dealwith

the

diseaseofA/H1N1.

---Iquite

agree

with

you.Chinesemedicineworkswell.

A.advantages

B.interests

C.equipments

D.materials

()11.（2009·湖南婁底）

—It’ssaidthatyouhavemovedintoanewhouse.

—Yeah,andweneedtobuysome

inthemallnearby.

A.food

B.furniture

C.hamburger

()12.（2009·湖北孝感）

Allthe_______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.

A.man

B.men

C.woman

D.women

()13.（2009·湖北孝感）

—

Emma,whoareyoutaking_________ofathome?

—Mygrandma,shegothurtinanaccident.

A.place

B.part

C.seat

D.care

()14.（2009·山西）

---HowcanIseethicksnowinmostnorthernpartsofChina?

---Youhavetowaittill______comes,Steve.

A.summer

B.autumn

C.winter

()15.（2009·山西）

Let’sgetsome______abouttourismontheInternet.

A.information

B.message

C.invention

()16.（2009·江蘇無(wú)錫）

_______theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare______teachers.

A.Anumberof;women

B.Anumberof;woman

C.Thenumberof;women

D.Thenumberof;woman

()17.（2009·陜西綏德）

Mikeandhisfriendaregoingtothe______toseethenewactionmovietonight.

A.bookshop

B.restaurant

C.concert

D.cinema

()18.（2009.安徽）

---Shallwegoshoppingnow?

---Sorry.It’snottheright________.I’mtootired.

A.way

B.weather

C.place

D.moment

()19.（2009.安徽）

---I’mafraidIcan’tgettherebefore9o’clock.

---That’sOK.There’s__________.

A.noway

B.nowonder

C.nodoubt

D.nohurry

()20.（2009.福建漳州）

---Whatmakesyousoupset?

---IwantedtoexplainwhyIwaslate,butMr.Whitedidn’tgivemea(n)______.

A.way

B.chance

C.idea

D.excuse

()21.（2009·吉林通化）

Weneedtocomeupwitha/an______andmakeadecisionatonce.

A.information

B.advice

C.idea

D.news

()22.(2009·山東德州）

Lookattheflowers!Theyareindifferent_______:red,yellow,pink…

A.colors

B.sizes

C.prices

D.names

()23.（2009·湖北恩施）

–I’dlike__________grapesandpears.

–Oh,Ionlyneed_________orangejuice.

A.some;afew

B.afew;some

C.alittle;few

D.alittle;afew

()24.（2009·新疆阜康）

—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?

—__________,please.

A.Rice

B.Meat

C.Water

D.Bread

()25.（2009·朝陽(yáng)）

---Youlookveryyoung,Mrs.Green.Couldyoutellmehowoldyouare?

---Oh,sorry.It’sa(n)______.

A.problem

B.instruction

C.secret