DiscoveringUsefulStructures

P29

新人教版選擇性必修Book3

Unit3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONLead-in觀察對話，完成下面的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.LiLeisaid,“I'mquitesureaboutit.”LiLeisaidthat_________quitesureaboutit.2.Jimsaid,“Ihaven'tseeyoutoday.”Jimsaidthat________________________.3.Theteacheraskedme,“Doyouhavedifficultyworkingitout?”Theteacheraskedme_______________________.hewashehadn'tseenmethatdaywhether/ifIhaddifficultyworkingitoutIknowit.IsaidIknewit.Whatdidyousay?Workingroups.Lookatthesentencesinbothcolumnsanddiscussthedifferencesbetweeneachpair.Summarisetherulesforchangingdirectspeechintoindirectspeech.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech1Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”Thereporteraskedthatwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4“Let'sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Rules:Directspeechreportstheexactwordsofthespeaker.Indirectspeechreportswhataspeakersaidinourownwords.Therearesomegrammaticaldifferencesbetweendirectandindirectspeeches.Ifwewanttochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech,wewillchangetenses,pronouns,andotherwordswhennecessary.First,ifaverbinquotationmarksisinpresenttense,changetocorrespondingpasttense;ifaverbisinsimplepasttense,changetopastperfecttense.Second,personpronounschangeaccordingtothepersonoftheobjectofthereportingverb.Third,adverbsthatshownearnessindirectspeech.Forexample,nowchangestothen;todaychangestothatday;herechangestothere.Summary直接引語和間接引語DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech一.定義：直接引用別人的話叫直接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。例句：Thegirlsaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.Note:1.引語前常使用逗號，而不是冒號；引號內(nèi)直接引語的單詞首字母要大寫。2.間接引語不用逗號，引號；間接引語要考慮人稱，時態(tài)，時間狀語，地點狀語和指示代詞的變化。二.直接引語和間接引語的變化1.人稱變化一隨主直接引語中的第一人稱變間接引語后與主句主語的人稱保持一致Hesays,“Ilikemathverymuch.”Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.二隨賓直接引語中的第二人稱變間接引語后與主句主語的人稱保持一致HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.三不變直接引語的第三人稱在變間接引語后人稱不變Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.2.時態(tài)變化（主句為一般過去時）

直接引語間接引語句子時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時不變一般將來時過去將來時Note:

1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句可以根據(jù)意思使用相應(yīng)的時態(tài)。例句：ShesaysthatshewasgoingtobuyaCD.ShesaysthatshewenttobuyaCD2.

直接引語是客觀真理，諺語和格言時，時態(tài)不變。例句：

“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.”theteachertoldme.Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth3.直接引語中有具體的過去時間狀語時，時態(tài)不變。例句：Tomsaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3.指示代詞，時間，地點狀語及方向性動詞的變化。項目直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthesethatthose時間nowtodaytonightthisweekyesterdaylastweekthenthatdaythatnightthatweekthedaybeforetheweekbefore地點herethere動詞comebringgotake例句：Hesaid,“Itisnineo’clocknow.”Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehaven’tseenherthatday.Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”Hesaidthattheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.4.連接詞和語序變化項目連接詞語序陳述句that或省略不變一般疑問句引述動詞后加上if或whether陳述語序特殊疑問句連接詞不變陳述語序祈使句無連接詞不變例句：Hesaidtome,“Youcanhelpher.”Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher.Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?”Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.Heaskedme,“Whatcolourdoyoulike?”HeaskedmewhatcolourIliked.Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”Heaskedmenottobelate.1.HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKate_______________________.2.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?”Sheaskedme__________________________toreadnewspapers.3.Thegeographyteachersaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Thegeographyteachersaid___________________thansound.4.“Listentomeanddon’tmakesomuchnoise,children!”saidtheteacher.Theteacher_______________________________.howhersisterwasthenwhether/ifIoftenwenttherelighttravelsmuchfasteraskedthechildrentolistentohimandnottomakesomuchnoise即學(xué)即用Herearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.Diane“WhatmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual?”“WasittheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory?”DianeDianeaskedwhathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.Dianeaskedif/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.2Martha“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”“I'mdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.”MarthaMarthasaidthatshewantedtobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Marthasaidthatshewasdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.Bob“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic?”“Couldyouexplainhowthenucleardisasterhappened?”BobBobaskedwhynuclearpowerwassuchasensitivetopic.Bobaskedif/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.Laura“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting?”“Whatcanwedotohelpwildanimals?”LauraLauraaskedhowmanyanimalshaddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.Vincent“I'veneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.”“Willscientistsdiscovernewspeciesthere?”VincentVincentsaidthathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.Vincentaskedwhether/ifscientistswo