2025屆高考英語高頻閱讀詞組+練習（三十）一：詞組梳理lookaround環(huán)顧,showsbaround帶領某人參觀支配某人做某事情arrangeforsbtodostharriveat+小地點(airport),arrivein+大地點(Shanghai),arrivehome,arrivelate一件工藝品aworkofart假花artificialflower,假牙falseteethasheisateacher=teacherasheis,asheisyoung=youngasheis(as說明為雖然=though)ashegrowsup隨著年齡的長大,asweallknow眾所周知as+形容詞+as和…一樣,notso+形容詞+as和…不一樣asfarasIknow就我所知,aslongas只要aswellas也askaftersb問候某人,askforsb懇求某人,askforhelp懇求幫忙fallasleep入睡,gotobed上床睡覺,gotosleep入眠,feelsleepy感覺瞌睡的把…和…聯想在一起beassociatedwithsth我向你保證…Iassureyouthat…,assuresbofsth向某人保證…心臟病heartattack企圖做某事情makeanattempttodosth出席典禮attendtheceremony,上學attendschool留意…payattentiontosth/doingsthalarge/smallaudience一大/小批聽/觀眾,個觀眾anaudienceoffivehundredbetiedto束縛于,捆綁于betiredof厭倦┄,厭煩┄behindtime晚點beliefin對…的真實性或正確性具有的信念believe(…tobe)信任……是betterthan好于…beyondquestion毋庸置疑breakaway脫離,逃跑breakdown損壞,分解,瓦解breakinto闖入breakin強行進行,打斷breakoff斷絕,結束breakout突發(fā),爆發(fā)breakthrough突破breakup終止,結束,打碎bringabout產生bringforward提出bringout使出現;公布;出版bringup培育,養(yǎng)大byaccident偶然,含有不幸的因素byallmeans無論如何,必定bychance偶然,意外地bychoice處于選擇bycontrast對比之下bymeansof用,依靠;借助于bymeansof借助于bymistake錯誤地bytheway順便提一下byvirtueof憑借,借助;因為bywayof經由,通過…方式callforth喚起,引起callfor邀請,要求,須要calloff放棄,取消callon/upon訪問,探望carefor照看,關切carryout貫徹,執(zhí)行,實現castlighton闡明某事catchupwith趕上catchsightof望見centeron把┄集中在,以┄為中心二：習題訓練（A）Doyouhaveayoungerbrother?Doeshealwaysgetintrouble?Well,theremightbesomesciencebehindthat.AccordingtoareportfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,second-bornsaremorelikelythanfirst-bornstobehavebadly,whichcouldbewhyyoufromtimetotimeconsideryouryoungerbrotherorsistersprites.Researchers,whoexploreddatafromtensofthousandsofsibling(兄弟姐妹)pairsfromDenmarkandFlorida,foundsecond-bornsare20%to40%morelikelytohavebehavioralproblems.Ifyou’rethesecond-bornchildyoumaywanttohavealittlechatwithyourparents.Thereasonwhysecond-bornsiblingsmaybeworsebehavedthanfirst-bornisthatparentstendtopaylessattentiontothem.“Second-bornchildrentendtohavelessattentionfromthemotherthantheiroldersiblingsbecausefirst-bornchildrenexperiencetheirmother’smaternityleave(產假).First-bornsenjoytherewardsofnotonlytheirowntimewithMumfollowingtheirbirth,butthetimeMumtakesoffwithyoungersiblings,too.”theauthorsexplain.It’snotjustabouttheparents,however.SpeakingtoNRP,co-authorJosephDoylesaid,“Thefirst-bornhasrolemodels,whoareadults.Andthesecond,later-bornchildrenhaverolemodelswhoareslightlyunreasonable2-year-olds,youknow,theiroldersiblings.Thedifferenceofparentalinvestmentsandthesiblinginfluencesprobablycontributetothesedifferencesweseeinthelabormarketandwhatwefindinbehaviorsagainstregulations,evenagainstlaws.It’sjustverydifficulttoseparatethosetwothingsbecausetheyhappenatthesametime”Theresults,theauthorsargue,haveanimportanteffectonsocialpolicy.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sprites”inParagraph2probablymean?A．LosersB．TroublemakersC．ClosecompanionsD．Parents’pets2．Accordingtothereport,whatinfluencesthesecond-bornchildren’sbehavior?A．ChallengesoftheireldersiblingsB．TheamountofattentiontheyreceivefromparentsC．MorefamilyproblemstheyarefacedwithD．Fewerchancesoftalkingwithothers3．JosephDoyleholdstheopinionthattheoldersiblings______.A．havethesamerolemodelsastheiryoungeronesB．arenottoblamefortheiryoungersiblings’failureC．arepartlyresponsiblefortheiryoungersiblings’problemsD．affecttheparentalinvestmentandthelabormarketparticipation4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ParentsPreferFirst-BornKidsB．HowParentsImproveFamilyRelationshipsC．SocialPolicyGuidesFamilyEducationD．WhytheSecond-BornTendtobeMisbehaved（B）Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsaregoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody___1___(have)toworryaboutfashion(時尚).Everybodywears___2___samestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways,AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___3___givesofflightinthedark.Whenthechildrenarewalkingor___4___(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan___5___(easy)seethem.Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer___6___thisquestionisnotclear.OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'grades___7___(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant___8___(wear)theuniform.OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno___9___(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.Schooluniformsare___10___(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.Someverygoodschoolsdon'thaveauniformpolicy.However,uniformsarestillpopular.Pupilsatabout90percentofBritishsecondaryschoolswearuniforms.答案及解析A【答案】1．B2．B3．C4．D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要依據麻省理工學院的一份報告分析了為什么二胎孩子通常表現不佳。1．詞義揣測題。依據其次段中second-bornsaremorelikelythanfirst-bornstobehavebadly老二比老大更有可能行為不端?？芍?，弟弟妹妹應當會帶來麻煩事，因此揣測劃線詞sprites意為“麻煩制造者”。故選B項。2．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段中Thereasonwhysecond-bornsiblingsmaybeworsebehavedthanfirst-bornisthatparentstendtopaylessattentiontothem.其次胎的兄弟姐妹比第一胎的表現更差的緣由是父母往往不太關注他們?？芍?，二胎孩子從父母那里得到的關注度影響了他們的行為。故選B項。3．推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段中Thefirst-bornhasrolemodels,whoareadults.Andthesecond,later-bornchildrenhaverolemodelswhoareslightlyunreasonable2-year-olds,youknow,theiroldersiblings.第一個孩子有自己的榜樣，他們都是成年人。其次代，也就是晚誕生的孩子，他們的榜樣是有點不理性的比他們大的2歲的孩子，你知道，就是他們的哥哥姐姐。由此推斷出，約瑟夫·道爾認為，年長的兄弟姐妹對他們弟弟妹妹的問題負有部分責任。故選C項。4．主旨大意題。依據第一段中Doyouhaveayoungerbrother?Doeshealwaysgetintrouble?Well,theremightbesomesciencebehindthat.你有弟弟嗎？他總是惹麻煩嗎？嗯，這背后可能有一些科學道理。以及其次段中AccordingtoareportfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,second-bornsaremorelikelythanfirst-bornstobehavebadly依據麻省理工學院的一份報告，老二比老大更有可能行為不端?？芍?，本文主要是依據報告分析了為什么二胎孩子表現不佳，因此本文的最佳標題是選項D“為什么其次胎的孩子會表現不佳”。故選D項。B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了學生穿校服的幾個好處。1.has/willhave【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：當每個學生在校穿校服時，沒有人會擔憂時尚問題。本句是when引導的時間狀語從句，遵循主將從現原則，因此，主句可以運用將來時willdo；依據語境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實，因此，本句亦可用一般現在時，主語是nobody，謂語用has。故填willhave/has。2.the【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每個人都穿相同風格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。3.that/which【解析】考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中