LearningaboutLanguageLead-inQ1.Canyoufindanyrelativeclauses?Underlinethemandnamethetypes:therestrictiverelativeclausesorthenonrestrictiveones.Q2.Canyoutellthedifferencesinformbetweenthem?TuYouyou,whowasborninNingbo,China,on30Dec.1930,wasacommittedandpatientscientist.Basedonamedicaltextwhichsuggestedusingsweetwormwoodtotreatmalaria,sheandherteamdrewouttheartemisinin,forwhich

shewasawardedthe2015NobelPrizeforPhysicianorMedicine.HundredsofthousandsoflivesarethoughttobesavedbyArtemisinin,whichhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria.一、核心詞匯教材原句Didyoucometoanyconclusions?

你得出什么結(jié)論了嗎?1conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論arriveat/cometo/reach/drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論搭配jumptoconclusions匆忙下結(jié)論inconclusion最后Hecametotheconclusionthatthereweremanypeoplewhoknewnothingaboutfirstaid.他得出結(jié)論，許多人對急救一無所知。Inconclusion，I’dliketosaythatthepartyleavesadeepimpressiononme.最后，我想說，這場聚會給我留下了深刻的印象?！驹~語積累】concludevt.斷定；推斷出；得出結(jié)論conclude...from...從……中推斷出……conclude（sth.）with用……結(jié)束（某事）toconclude（=inconclusion）最后Iconcludedfromhiswordsthathelackedconfidence.我從他的話中得出結(jié)論，他缺乏信心。Theeveningconcludedwithdinnerandspeeches.這個夜晚在宴會和講話中結(jié)束了?！練w納拓展】concludev.→conclusionn.結(jié)束decidev.→decisionn.決定explodev.→explosionn.爆炸persuadev.→persuasionn.說服單句語法填空(1)Don’tjumpto

（conclude）beforeconsideringallthefacts，oryoumaybeeasilytakenin.(2)Theresearchlackssolidevidence,andtherefore,its

（conclude）aredoubtful.(3)

conclusion，Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhohashelpedus.(4)Thespeakerconcludedhisspeech

afamoussaying.完成句子(5)Manyexperts

（得出結(jié)論）thatmanydiseaseswererelatedtosmoking.(6)

（最后），withthisextraevidence，wecandrawaconclusionwithcertainty.conclusionsconclusionsInwithdrew/reachedtheconclusionToconclude/Inconclusion教材原句

ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondour

control.我們沒有辦法幫助琳達。她的情況我們無法控制。circumstancen.［usuallypl.］條件；環(huán)境；狀況under/in...circumstances在……情況下搭配under/innocircumstances決不，無論如何都不（位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）Undersuchcircumstances，theyarelikelytobuysouvenirsinhershop.在這種情況下，他們可能會去她的商店買紀念品。Undernocircumstancesshouldyouexploretheunknownplacebyyourself.在任何情況下你都不應該獨自探索那個未知的地方。Adolescentstendtoadapttothestudyatmosphereandcircumstancequickly.青少年往往能很快地適應學習氛圍和環(huán)境。【學法點撥】表示否定意義的介詞短語atnotime（在任何時候都不），onnocondition（無論如何都不），onnoaccount（決不）位于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。單句語法填空(1)

nocircumstancescanweagreetosuchaprinciple.(2)Dueto

（circumstance）beyondourcontrolthelecturewasputoff.完成句子(3)［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（在某些情況下），Imaydecidetotakeachance.(4)

（我絕對不會）acceptyourunreasonablerequest.(5)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount

（他們應該使用）mobilephonesinhisclass.Under/IncircumstancesUnder/IncertaincircumstancesUnder/InnocircumstanceswillIshouldtheyuse教材原句ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.正在建造的大樓是由著名的美籍華裔建筑師貝聿銘設計的。3underconstruction在建造中Thestadiumiscurrentlyunderconstruction（=beingconstructed）.體育館目前正在建造中。【學法點撥】“under+n.”常表示正在進行的動作，而且包含被動含義，相當于進行時的被動語態(tài)。underexamination在審查中underrepair在修理中underobservation在監(jiān)視中underconsideration在考慮中undertreatment在治療中underdiscussion在討論中【歸納拓展】“介詞at/in/on+名詞”可表示某種狀態(tài)或持續(xù)的活動，此時名詞前一般不加冠詞。atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)attable在吃飯atwork在上班atschool在上學atchurch在做禮拜atsea在航海；茫然introuble處于困境中indanger處于危險中onsale上市；減價銷售onholiday在休假onfire著火，失火onduty值班onshow在展出onstrike在罷工ontrial在審理中onbusiness出差單句語法填空(1)Anewhighwayissaidtobe

construction.(2)ThusEuropewas

peaceforthefirsttimeintenyears.(3)Heisreadytogiveahandwheneverhisfriendsare

trouble.(4)Someofhispaintingsare

showinthelocalartgallery.完成句子(5)Anewpowerstationis

（在建設中）.(6)Thetwocountriesonce

（在交戰(zhàn)）duringtheSecondWorldWararenow

（處于和平狀態(tài)）.(7)Thechurchattackedbytheenemyinawarwas

（著火）.(8)Thenewcoupleare

（在休假）inParisatpresent.atunderinonatwaratpeaceonfireonholidayunderconstruction/beingconstructed二、重點句式教材原句ItstruckhimthattheotherChinesemeninthephotoapparentlydidnotcareaboutwhatwashappeningtotheirfellowcountrymen.令他吃驚的是，照片中的其他

中國男子顯然并不關心他們的同胞發(fā)生了什么事?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪渲衖t作形式主語，that引導的主語從句作真正的主語。whatwashappeningtotheirfellowcountrymen是賓語從句，作careabout的賓語。1Itstrikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……（=Itoccurstosb.that...）Itstruck/hit/occurredtomethatthebandwhichIadmiredwouldperformattheNationalStadiumthenextday.我突然想起我崇拜的樂隊第二天將在國家體育場演出?！緦W法點撥】Sth.strikes/hits/occurstosb.表示“某事突然出現(xiàn)在某人的腦海里”。Abrightideasuddenlystruck/hit/occurredtomethatIcouldusethemoneyIsavedtohelpapoorstudentinthecountryside.我突然想到一個好主意，我可以用我存下來的錢去幫助一個農(nóng)村的貧窮學生。單句語法填空(1)It

（strike）methatIcouldspendameaningfulfestivalattheshelter.(2)Itoccurred

methatIforgottoturnoffthetap.完成句子(3)

（她突然想到）sheshouldmakeasummaryaboutthisyear’swork.(4)AsIwatchedthem，______________________________________________________________（我產(chǎn)生了一個想法）.strucktoItstruck/hit/occurredtoherthatanideastruckme/anideahitme/anideaoccurredtome教材原句Fromthis,heconcludedthatthecrucialprobleminChinawasnotphysicalillness,

butthespiritualillnessofpeopleatthattime.由此，

他得出結(jié)論，中國的重要問題不是身體疾病，而是當時人們的精神疾病。【句式分析】本句中第一個that引導賓語從句，其中not...but...連接并列的表語

physicalillness和thespiritualillnessofpeopleatthattime。2not...but...不是……而是……Heisnotapainterbutanarchitect.他不是畫家，而是建筑師。NotyoubutIamtoberesponsibleforthemistake.不是你而是我對此錯誤負有責任?！練w納拓展】neither...nor...（既不……也不……），either...or...（或者……或者……），notonly...butalso...（不僅……而且……），not...but...連接并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)都要遵循“就近一致”原則。EitherTomoryouaregoingtodoit.或者是湯姆或者是你要做這件事。單句語法填空(1)NotIbutmybrother

（be）therealready.(2)Neitherhisparentsnorhe

（visit）hisgrandparentssofarthismonth.(3)Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher

（be）interestedinplayingfootball.完成句子(4)NottheybutI

（對……感到震驚）theresult.(5)Eithertheexpertorhisassistants

（將要參加）themeeting.

hasbeenhasvisitediswasshockedataretoattendsofarthismonth表明要用現(xiàn)在完成時。1.ThisisthemanthatImetyesterday.ThisisMike,whousedtobemyclassmate.2.Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.3.Hesaidnothing,thatmadeherangry.Thereason,whyhewasabsent,wasn'tgiven.試比較1、2中前后形式&句意上區(qū)別,which指代?并判斷3中句子正誤三、非限制性定語從句的特點whichforwhich從句區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句1.形式上①_____逗號和主句隔開②______逗號和主句隔開2.意義上是對先行詞的修飾限定，③_____刪去是對先行詞的補充說明，刪去后意思④__________3.譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語，⑤“________”通常翻譯成主句的⑥_________4.關系詞⑦_________關系代詞及關系副詞⑧關系代詞不用_______關系副詞不用________不用用不能仍完整…的并列句所有的thatwhy[典例1]

【翻譯】①IadvisedthemtotakeBusNo.20,whichcouldtakethemtheredirectly.________________________________________________【翻譯】②Thenetizens(網(wǎng)民)whodon'tvoicetheiropinionsaccountfortenpercent.________________________________________________不發(fā)表觀點的網(wǎng)民占百分之十。我建議他們乘坐20路公交車，它能直接把他們帶到那里。as位置：可置于主句前、中、后。先行詞：通常為整個主句含義：“正如，如同”which位置：置于主句之后

先行詞：主句中的一個詞、

主句的部分內(nèi)容、

甚至整個主句含義：“這，那（件事）”2.as和which引導非限制性定從的區(qū)別：asisexpected正如所預料的那樣asisreported/said正如報道/所說的那樣asisknowntoall

眾所周知ashasbeensaidbefore

如前所說asisoftenthecase

情況常常如此ashasbeenpointedout

正如指出asoftenhappens

這情況常發(fā)生ashasbeenmentionedabove

正如上面所提到的as常見搭配[典例3]選詞填空(as/which)①Untilnow,wehaveraised50，000poundsforthepoorchildren,______isquiteunexpected.②Thereisnosimpleanswer,______isoftenthecaseinscience.③ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,______heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.④______isknowntousall,heisagiftedpianist.whichaswhichAs2.“介詞＋關系詞”的用法1．介詞后面的關系詞為whom，which，先行詞指人時，用whomHeisthepersonfromwhomyoucanlearnalot.先行詞指物時用whichDoyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?先行詞指原因時，用for＋which結(jié)構(gòu)。Thereason,forwhichhewasabsent,wasn'tgiven.Inthedarkstreettherewasn’tasinglepersontowhom

shecouldturnforhelp.

時間when=in/at/on/duringwhich地點where=at/in/onwhich^to1.Thechildren,______hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhatB.allofwhichC.allofthemD.allofwhom2.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthem B.bothofthem C.noneofwhom D.neitherofwhom7.TheSecondWorldWar___millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.afterwhich B.where C.inthat D.duringwhich

DDD[典例2]1.Manyyoungpeople,mostof_______werewelleducated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdream.(2016江蘇)2.WewillputofftheoutinguntilnextSunday,______

whichwewon'tbesobusy.3.Yesterday,theywentouttohaveapicnicinthepark,_______whichtheyhadagoodtime.whominon四、訓練檢測

1．Just___theoldsayinggoes,“Eachcoinhastwosides.”2．MrSmith，______nativelanguageisEnglish,canspeakChinesefluently.3．WheneverImether,______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.4