模擬演練2：2023上海名校高中自主招生英語(yǔ)模擬演練2：2023上海名校高中自主招生英語(yǔ)一、語(yǔ)法從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because【答案】C【解析】試題解析：A.Once一旦B.If如果C.Although盡管D.Because因?yàn)椤＞湟猓罕M管鳥(niǎo)兒們用羽毛來(lái)飛翔，但是他們的一些羽毛還有一些其他用途。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知前后之間是讓步關(guān)系，故選C。2.Everymorninghespends________hourdoingexercise,thenhegoesto________work.A.a;aB.an;/C.a;/D.an;the2.B【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：他每天早上花一小時(shí)鍛煉身體，然后去上班。根據(jù)句意，第一個(gè)空表示數(shù)量“一”，此處表示“一個(gè)小時(shí)”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且hour以元音音素開(kāi)頭，所以用an，第二個(gè)空用固定搭配gotowork“去工作”，所以work前用零冠詞，故選B。3."You__haveawrongnumber,"shesaid."There'snooneofthatnamehere."A.needB.canC.mustD.would3.C【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：“你一定打錯(cuò)了電話號(hào)碼，”她說(shuō)。“這里沒(méi)有那個(gè)名字。”從“There'snooneofthatnamehere.”可知“你一定弄錯(cuò)號(hào)碼了”。此處表示“肯定的推測(cè)”，故用must。A.need需要；B.can可能；C.must一定；D.would會(huì)。can常表示一種“理論上的”可能性，need顯然不正確，would一般不表推測(cè)。故選C。4.YesterdayIbrokemyfavouritewatch,andnowIhavetogetit________.A.repairedB.repairingC.repairD.torepair4.A【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：昨天我把我最喜歡的手表弄壞了，現(xiàn)在我不得不去修理它。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用到get+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，且賓語(yǔ)it也就是“手表”和repair“修理”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，故選A。5.Myparents________inShandong.Theywerebornthereandhaveneverlivedanywhere,else.A.livedB.willliveC.werelivingD.live5.D【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我的父母住在山東。他們出生在那里，從未在其他地方生活過(guò)。此空是句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意，可知此處表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，也是現(xiàn)在的客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用live，故選D。6.Themoneywillbeusedtohelpthepeople________homeswerelostintheearthquake.A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which6.B【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這筆錢(qián)將用于幫助那些在地震中失去家園的人們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是people，指人，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞homes，意為“……的”，所以空處需用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故選B。7.Currently,about35,000works________inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.A.weredisplayingB.aredisplayingC.werebeingdisplayedD.arebeingdisplayed7.D【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。目前，大約有35000件作品陳列在盧浮宮的300多個(gè)展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一輩子的時(shí)間。根據(jù)上文“Currently(目前)”可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；display與主語(yǔ)works之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)。故選D。8.Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp________weweredoinganexperiment.A.whileB.althoughC.untilD.unless8.A【詳解】考查從屬連詞。句意：當(dāng)我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，布萊克先生四處走動(dòng)并提供幫助。A.while當(dāng)……時(shí)；B.although雖然；C.until直到；D.unless如果不，除非。根據(jù)主句“Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp（布萊克先生四處走動(dòng)并提供幫助）”和從句“weweredoinganexperiment（我們正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)）”可知，此處使用連詞while“當(dāng)……時(shí)”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故選A。9.________theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamshoutedhappily.A.TothrowB.ThrowingC.ThrownD.Beingthrown9.B【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：獲勝隊(duì)的球迷們把帽子拋向空中，高聲歡呼。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞shouted，且空處沒(méi)有連詞，所以空處需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞throw與主句主語(yǔ)thefans之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以空處需用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故選B。10.Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablemoreeasilythaneverbefore.A.whyB.towhomC.whenD.onwhich10.C【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們生活在一個(gè)比以往任何時(shí)候都更容易獲得更多信息的時(shí)代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是age，表示時(shí)間，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，先行詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以此從句用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)；也可用介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，根據(jù)常用搭配inanage，可知介詞選擇in，age指物，關(guān)系代詞用which，可用inwhich引導(dǎo)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。11.---Didyoutidyyourroom?---No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI______visitors.A.had B.have C.havehad D.willhave11答案：A解析：根據(jù)所提供的情景“Iwasgoingtotidymyroom”可判斷出要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的事。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示已經(jīng)完成動(dòng)作或從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；都與所提供的情境矛盾。12.---Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.---Great!You______readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.must B.should C.musthave D.shouldhave12答案：C解析：“musthave+動(dòng)詞+ed形式”表示“一定做了某事”。根據(jù)所提供的情景“Guesswhat!IhavegotAformyteampaper.”可判斷出一定進(jìn)行了廣泛閱讀并做了大量工作。must意為“一定，必須”，后接動(dòng)詞原形表示“一定或必須做某事”。should意為“應(yīng)該”，后接動(dòng)詞原形表示“應(yīng)該做某事”。都是對(duì)對(duì)方的要求?！皊houldhave+動(dòng)詞+ed形式”表示“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而沒(méi)有做”，常用于表示責(zé)備。13.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.when B.why C.whether D.that13答案：D解析：that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中只起連接作用，不作任何成分?！?..wesleepbecauseourbrainis”programmed“tomakeustoso”是一個(gè)完整的句子，所以要用that引導(dǎo)。when和where在表語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，分別表示“在……的時(shí)候”和“在……地方”。whether意為“是否”。14.Atminus130℃,alivingcellcanbe______forathousandyears.A.spared B.protected C.preserved D.developed14答案：C解析：preserve意為“保持,保存”，根據(jù)所提供的情景atminus130℃可判斷出表示“至少在零下130℃，活體細(xì)胞才能被保存1000年。spare意為“節(jié)約,節(jié)省，分讓,提供”；protect意為“保護(hù)”；develop意為“發(fā)展,發(fā)達(dá),發(fā)揚(yáng),進(jìn)步”。15.Asanewdiplomat.heoftenthinksof______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.A.what B.which C.that D.how15.【答案】Ｄ【解析】主要測(cè)試連詞。此題同上面的第３７題，解題關(guān)鍵：主要考慮句子中缺少什么成分。譯文：作為一名新的外交官，他經(jīng)?？紤]對(duì)這種情況如何做出更加適合的反映。句子中缺少的應(yīng)該是狀語(yǔ)，而且四個(gè)答案充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞忠哺鞑幌嗤?，故此選how最佳。二、詞匯填空Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．contribute

B．global

C．bringing

D．originally

E.concerned

F.seekingG.features

H.power

I.positions

J.engineered

K.regularlyWhenitcomestoinnovativecountries,wealwaysthinkofplacesliketheUS,theUKandGermany.However,Israelisalsoa(n)___1____leaderininnovation.AccordingtotheWorldEconomicForum’sglobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017,Israelisthesecondmostinnovativenationintheworld,justafterSwitzerland.Manyofusmaynotbeaware,buttechnologies___2____inIsraelhavechangedourlives.Forexample,antivirussoftwarethatprotectsourcomputerswas___3____developedinIsraelinthe1970s,accordingtoTheTelegraph.Inaddition,____4____onourmobilephonessuchasvoicemailandSMSwerealsodevelopedinIsrael.SoitcomesasnosurprisethatIsraelplanstouseitsinnovativestrengthto___5____thecooperationwithChinaintheBeltandRoadInitiative.AslongasIsraelisneeded,itwillsparenoeffortto___6____totheproject,saidIsraeliPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahuduringhisvisittoChinainMarch,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.ManyIsraelienvironmentaltechnologycompanieshavealreadysetupfacilitiesinShandongprovince,____7____Israelitechniquestomanyareassuchasrecyclingwaterforagriculturaluse,reportedtheTimesofIsrael.Foundedonverydryland,Israelhadbeen____8____aboutwaterforaverylongtime.However,inrecentyears,thequalityandquantityofwaterinIsraelhavebeenimproved,withthehelpoftechniquesthatturnMediterraneanseawaterandwastewaterintousablewater.Infact,suchinnovationshaveledtomoreandmoreChinesestudents____9____qualityhighereducationinIsrael.“WhenChinesestudentswhostudyheregobackhome,theywillbein____10____toinfluenceChina-Israelrelationshipsinthefuture,”EmmaAfter-man,managerofIsrael-ChinaAcademicRelationsattheCouncilforHigherEducation,toldtheJerusalemPost.【答案】1．B

2．J

3．D

4．G

5．H

6．A

7．C

8．E

9．F

10．I【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了以色列是僅次于瑞士的世界上創(chuàng)新能力第二強(qiáng)的國(guó)家。以色列的技術(shù)已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活；以色列計(jì)劃利用其創(chuàng)新的力量來(lái)推動(dòng)與中國(guó)在“一帶一路”的合作；許多以色列環(huán)保技術(shù)公司已經(jīng)在山東省設(shè)立了設(shè)施，將以色列的技術(shù)引進(jìn)到許多地區(qū)。1．考查形容詞。句意：然而，以色列也是創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域的全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。分析句子可知，空處修飾名詞leader，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，global“全球的”為形容詞，符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。2．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我們中的許多人可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，但以色列設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，engineered“設(shè)計(jì)制造”是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式，作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞technologies，符合句意。故選J項(xiàng)。3．考查副詞。句意：例如，據(jù)《每日電訊報(bào)》報(bào)道，保護(hù)我們電腦的防病毒軟件最初是在20世紀(jì)70年代在以色列開(kāi)發(fā)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處修飾動(dòng)詞developed，應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，originally“起初”為副詞，符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)。4．考查名詞。句意：此外，我們手機(jī)上的語(yǔ)音郵件和短信等功能也是以色列研發(fā)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作句子主語(yǔ)，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用weredeveloped，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，features“為實(shí)現(xiàn)某功能而具有的特性”為名詞，符合句意。故選G項(xiàng)。5．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：因此，以色列計(jì)劃利用其創(chuàng)新力量推動(dòng)與中國(guó)在“一帶一路”倡議中的合作就不足為奇了。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，以色列計(jì)劃利用其創(chuàng)新力量是為了推動(dòng)與中國(guó)在“一帶一路”倡議中的合作，所以應(yīng)用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語(yǔ)，空前已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)to，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形形式，power“推動(dòng)”是動(dòng)詞原形形式，符合句意。故選H項(xiàng)。6．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，以色列總理本杰明·內(nèi)塔尼亞胡（BenjaminNetanyahu）3月訪問(wèn)中國(guó)時(shí)表示，只要以色列被需要，它將不遺余力地為該項(xiàng)目做出貢獻(xiàn)。sparenoefforttodosth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不遺余力做某事”，所以空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形形式，contribute“貢獻(xiàn)”為動(dòng)詞原形，符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。7．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)《以色列時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，許多以色列環(huán)境技術(shù)公司已經(jīng)在山東省建立了設(shè)施，將以色列的技術(shù)應(yīng)用于許多領(lǐng)域，如農(nóng)業(yè)用水的循環(huán)利用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，bringing“帶來(lái)”是動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式，與邏輯主語(yǔ)ManyIsraelienvironmentaltechnologycompanies之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，作句子狀語(yǔ)，符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。8．考查形容詞。句意：以色列建立在非常干燥的土地上，很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)一直為水而擔(dān)心。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，以色列建在干燥的土地上，所以以色列會(huì)為水而擔(dān)心，concerned“擔(dān)心的”為形容詞，作句子表語(yǔ)，符合句意。故選E項(xiàng)。9．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：事實(shí)上，這些創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)學(xué)生在以色列尋求高質(zhì)量的高等教育。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，seeking“尋求”是動(dòng)名詞形式，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，符合句意。故選F項(xiàng)。10．考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)在這里學(xué)習(xí)的中國(guó)學(xué)生回國(guó)后，他們將能夠影響未來(lái)的中以關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處用于介詞in之后，應(yīng)用名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，positions“位置”是名詞，inpositionsto為固定搭配，表示“處于可以……的位置，有能力……”，符合句意。故選I項(xiàng)。三、完形填空It’sbeenfiveyearssinceIcametoAmerica.TheyearbeforeIarrived,everyweekendIwaswokenupby“SpringRiverintheFlowerMoonNight”,____1____bymymotheronaZheng.Mymomwasalwaysenchanted(著迷)bythebeautyofChinesetraditionalmusic,____2____sheneverhadthechancetolearna(n)____3____.In2009,shegotaZhengfromafriendandhasbeenplayingandperformingeversince.SometimeswhenI____4____her,IsearchforthesongsheusedtoplayontheInternet.I____5____expectedtohearthemhereinBoston.Earlierthisyear,asI____6____anewapartment,ImetZhanTaoLin.thedirectoroftheBostonChineseMusiciansAssociation.AtLin’shouse,Iheardthe____7____oftheerhu.Linlater____8____metohismusicteamandIheardthenrehearse(排練)fora____9____thisyear.Itwasbeautifulandpowerful—it_____10_____broughtmebacktomyhometowninChina.1．A．played B．directed C．written D．invented2．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so3．A．trade B．instrument C．language D．trick4．A．mention B．hate C．call D．miss5．A．only B．still C．never D．a(chǎn)lready6．A．lookedafter B．lookedat C．lookedup D．lookedfor7．A．sound B．story C．name D．cry8．A．followed B．ordered C．introduced D．guided9．A．competition B．performance C．game D．conference10．A．secretly B．recently C．suddenly D．usually【答案】1．A

2．B

3．B

4．D

5．C

6．D

7．A

8．C

9．B

10．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了受媽媽的影響，作者非常喜歡中國(guó)古典音樂(lè)，在波士頓找房的時(shí)候遇到華人音樂(lè)家協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)，并把作者介紹給他的音樂(lè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，讓他有機(jī)會(huì)再次感受中國(guó)音樂(lè)的魅力。1．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我來(lái)的前一年，每個(gè)周末我都被媽媽用古箏演奏的《花月夜春江》吵醒。A.played彈奏；B.directed指導(dǎo)；C.written寫(xiě)作；D.invented發(fā)明。根據(jù)上文“TheyearbeforeIarrived,everyweekendIwaswokenupby“SpringRiverintheFlowerMoonNight””可知是我媽媽用古箏演奏的的曲子，故選A。2．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我媽媽總是被中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)的美迷住，但她從來(lái)沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)一種樂(lè)器。A.and并且；B.but但是；C.or或者；D.so所以。根據(jù)“sheneverhadthechancetolearna(n)”可知上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B。3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.trade交易；B.instrument樂(lè)器；C.language語(yǔ)言；D.trick竅門(mén)。根據(jù)下文“In2009,shegotaZhengfromafriend”可知我媽媽從來(lái)沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)一種樂(lè)器，故選B。4．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)候我想她的時(shí)候，就會(huì)在網(wǎng)上搜索她曾經(jīng)演奏過(guò)的曲子。A.mention提到；B.hate憎恨；C.call叫；D.miss想念。根據(jù)下文“IsearchforthesongsheusedtoplayontheInternet”可知是我想念我媽媽的時(shí)候，故選D。5．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我從沒(méi)想過(guò)會(huì)在波士頓聽(tīng)到。A.only僅僅；B.still仍然；C.never從不；D.already已經(jīng)。根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭“It’sbeenfiveyearssinceIcametoAmerica.”可知作者搬到了美國(guó)，所以從未想過(guò)會(huì)在波士頓聽(tīng)這樣的曲子，故選C。6．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：今年早些時(shí)候，在我找新公寓的時(shí)候，我遇到了林占濤。A.lookedafter照顧；B.lookedat查看；C.lookedup查找；D.lookedfor尋找。根據(jù)下文“anewapartment”可知是在波士頓找住處，故選D。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在林家，我聽(tīng)到了二胡的聲音。A.sound聲音；B.story故事；C.name名字；D.cry哭。根據(jù)下文“erhu”，可知是聽(tīng)到了二胡的聲音。故選A。8．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：后來(lái)，林把我介紹給了他的音樂(lè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，我聽(tīng)到他們?cè)跒榻衲甑囊粓?chǎng)演出排練。A.followed跟隨；B.ordered命令；C.introduced介紹；D.guided指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“Iheardthenrehearse(排練)”可知林把我介紹給了他的音樂(lè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，所以我才能聽(tīng)到他們的排練，故選C。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.competition競(jìng)賽；B.performance表演；C.game游戲；D.conference會(huì)議。根據(jù)上文“Linlater8metohismusicteamandIheardthenrehearse(排練)”可知是音樂(lè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的演出排練，故選B。10．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：它是美麗的和強(qiáng)大的——它突然把我?guī)Щ匚以谥袊?guó)的家鄉(xiāng)。A.secretly秘密地；B.recently最近；C.suddenly突然地；D.usually通常地。根據(jù)上文“Itwasbeautifulandpowerful”可知聽(tīng)到美妙的曲子，突然把我?guī)Щ亓思亦l(xiāng)，勾起了思鄉(xiāng)之情，故選C。四、閱讀理解AEngineersandscientistsattheUniversityofTexasatAustinhavedevelopedauniquesolutiontohelppeopleintheseareasgetcleandrinkingwater.Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝膠膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate.Justonekilogramofgelcanabsorbuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Forthoselivinginaclimatewithrelativehumidity(潮濕),onekilogramofgelcancollectupto13litersofwateraday.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.Previously,researchershaveharvestedfreshwaterfromfoganddew,butthatonlyservesareaswithhighhumidity.Otherattemptsatpullingwaterfromdesertairconsumelotsofenergyanddonotproducemuch.Infact,thisgelisabigimprovementfrompreviouswaterharvestingtechnologies.Themaximumwaterharvestedhasbeen5.87litersinplaceswithrelativehumidity.Thisnewgeldoublesthisamount,usesnoenergyandissimpletooperateanditcanbemoldedintoashapeorsizethatbestsuitstheuser.“Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutconsistentaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水裝置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”“Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.”Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.1．Whatdoweknowaboutthegelfilmfromparagraph2?A．Itcanincreasethehumidityoftheair.B．Itcanharvestdrinkingwaterfromtheair.C．Ithasbeenwidelyappliedindesertareas.D．Itcostslotsofmoneyandenergytoproduce.2．WhatisGuihuaYu’sattitudetowardsthenewwater-harvestingmethod?A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical.C．Disapproving. D．Hopeful.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“straightforward”inlastparagraphmean?A．easy. B．straight. C．frank. D．cheap4．Whatwillscientistsplantodonext?A．Developathickergel.B．Producethegelonalargescale.C．Raisemoneyforfurtherresearch.D．Teachpeopletomakethegelathome.【答案】1．B

2．D

3．A

4．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的工程師和科學(xué)家開(kāi)發(fā)了一種獨(dú)特的解決方案，幫助這些地區(qū)的人們獲取清潔的飲用水。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝膠膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate.Justonekilogramofgelcanabsorbuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.（他們研發(fā)了一種低成本的凝膠膜，這種凝膠膜即使在干燥的氣候下也能從空氣中吸水。在干燥的氣候中，僅一公斤的凝膠就能吸收6升的水。因?yàn)檫@種凝膠價(jià)格低且易于制作，它可以為缺水國(guó)家提供飲用水。）”可知，這種凝膠膜可以從空氣中獲取飲用水，故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutconsistentaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水裝置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”（科克雷爾工程學(xué)院的教授GuihuaYu說(shuō)道：‘這一新發(fā)明是很實(shí)用的解決方法，地球上最熱最干燥的地區(qū)的人們可以使用這個(gè)方法來(lái)獲取水。這能讓無(wú)法一直擁有飲用水的百萬(wàn)人在家就可以簡(jiǎn)單地操作這一取水裝置?！笨芍?，認(rèn)為，GuihuaYu這一新的取水裝置能滿足無(wú)法獲取飲用水的人的需求，故他對(duì)這一取水設(shè)備是充滿希望的，故選D。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.”（Youhong“Nancy”Guo說(shuō)道：‘這并不是需要你有高級(jí)學(xué)位才能使用的東西，它很簡(jiǎn)單，以至于如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作’。）”中straightforward一詞的前后文的提示“Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse（這并不是需要你有高級(jí)學(xué)位才能使用的東西）”“anyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.（如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作）”可知，這一設(shè)備是任何人都能制作出來(lái)的，故此處的“straightforward”與A項(xiàng)“easy簡(jiǎn)單的”意思相近，故選A。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.（科學(xué)家們正計(jì)劃制作一個(gè)更厚的凝膠，以提高產(chǎn)量，使這項(xiàng)技術(shù)成為解決干旱的可行方案。）”可知，科學(xué)家們接下來(lái)會(huì)計(jì)劃研發(fā)一個(gè)更厚的凝膠，故選A。BForlate19th-centuryNorthAmericansandEuropeans,adisplayoftableware(餐具)couldrevealmuchaboutsomeone’ssocialposition,asthewealthytookgreatcaretogetdifferentkindsofforksforeverything.Beforethe18thcentury,peopleofallclassesusuallyatewithaknifeandaspoon.Thefork’spathtothetablewashard-wonandslow.InancientEgypt,Greece,andRome,forkswereusedforslicingfoodintopiecesorliftingmeatfromapotorfire.Followingareductioninsize,theforkappearedtohaveentereddiningareasinthecourtsoftheMiddleEastandByzantineEmpirebytheeighthandninthcenturies,andbecamecommonamongwealthyfamiliestherebythetenthcentury.Earlyinthe11thcentury,itappearedinvariouspiecesofEuropeanart.Inthelate11thcentury,St.PeterDamianfromOstiawroteaboutaByzantineprincesswhousedforksandregardedherdyingofadiseaseaspunishmentforsuch“l(fā)uxury”.Thefork’sslowconquestofEuropewascarriedoutfromItaly.Motivatedbythesameconcernsforhygiene(衛(wèi)生)，forkswereboughtbywealthyBritons，inspiredbyQueenVictoria,whoregardedforkuseasasignofgoodmanners.Thefork’sintroductiontoNorthAmericadatesbackto1633,whenJohnWinthrop,afounderoftheMassachusettsBayColony,wasgiftedasetofforks.TheIndustrialRevolutionstrengthenedthefork’spresenceondiningroomtablesasproductionofflatwarebecamelessexpensive.Writingin1896inSocialEriquere，MaudC．CookedeclaredtheforkhadfinallyconqueredtheknifeinAmericaand“anyattempttogivetheknifeimportanceattableislookeduponasanoffense(冒犯)againstgoodtaste.”5．Whatcanwelearnaboutforksfromparagraph1?A．Theywereusedimproperlyinthe18thcentury.B．Theyhadmanydifferenttypesinthe19thcentury.C．TheywerepopularinEuropebeforethe18thcentury.D．TheyledtoNorthAmerican’sriseinsocialposition.6．WhatwasafunctionofforksinancientEgypt?A．Toeatfood. B．Todecoratetables.C．Tocutfood. D．Tocreateworksofart.7．Whowasagainsttheuseofforks?A．St.PeterDamian. B．ThomasCoryate.C．QueenVictoria D．MaudC．Cooke.8．Whatmarkedthebeginningofthefork’sintroductiontoNorthAmerica?A．TheappearanceofflatwareB．ThestartoftheIndustrialRevolution.C．JohnWinthropreceivingforksaspresents.D．MaudC．CookewritingSocialEtiquette.【答案】5．B

6．C

7．A

8．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了叉子的演變以及在不同時(shí)期的使用。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Forlate19th-centuryNorthAmericansandEuropeans,adisplayoftableware(餐具)couldrevealmuchaboutsomeone’ssocialposition,asthewealthytookgreatcaretogetdifferentkindsofforksforeverything.（對(duì)于19世紀(jì)晚期的北美和歐洲來(lái)說(shuō)，餐具的擺放能展示一個(gè)人的社會(huì)地位，因?yàn)橛绣X(qián)人非常小心地為所有的東西準(zhǔn)備了不同種類(lèi)的叉子。）”可知，在19世紀(jì)，叉子有著不同的類(lèi)型，故選B。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“InancientEgypt,Greece,andRome,forkswereusedforslicingfoodintopiecesorliftingmeatfromapotorfire.（在古埃及、希臘和羅馬，叉子被用來(lái)將食物切片，或者從鍋里和火里將肉取出。）”可知，在古埃及，叉子是用來(lái)切割食物的，故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Inthelate11thcentury,St.PeterDamianfromOstiawroteaboutaByzantineprincesswhousedforksandregardedherdyingofadiseaseaspunishmentforsuch“l(fā)uxury”.（在11世紀(jì)末，奧斯蒂亞的St.PeterDamian寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于拜占庭公主使用叉子的文章，并將她死于疾病視為這種“奢侈”的懲罰。）”可知，St.PeterDamian是反對(duì)使用叉子的，故選A。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thefork’sintroductiontoNorthAmericadatesbackto1633,whenJohnWinthrop,afounderoftheMassachusettsBayColony,wasgiftedasetofforks.（叉子被引入到北美可以追溯到1633年，當(dāng)時(shí)馬薩諸塞灣殖民地的創(chuàng)始人JohnWinthrop收到了一套叉子。）”可知，JohnWinthrop收到叉子的禮物，標(biāo)志著叉子被引入北美，故選C。CSomepeoplethinkifyouarehappy,youareblindtoreality.Butwhenweresearchit,happinessactuallyraiseseverysinglebusinessandeducationaloutcomeforthebrain.Howdidwemissthis?Whydowehavethesesocialmisunderstandingsabouthappiness?Becauseweassumedyouwereaverage.Whenwestudypeople,scientistsareofteninterestedinwhattheaverageis.Manypeoplethinkhappinessisgenetic.That’sonlyhalfthestory,becausetheaveragepersondoesnotfighttheirgenes.Whenwestopstudyingtheaverageandbeginresearchingpositiveoutliers--peoplewhoareaboveaverageforapositiveaspectlikeoptimismorintelligence--awildlydifferentpictureappears.Ourdailydecisionsandhabitshaveahugeimpactuponbothourlevelsofhappinessandsuccess.Scientifically,happinessisachoice.Itisachoiceaboutwhereyoursingleprocessorbrainwilldevoteitslimitedresourcesasyouprocesstheworld.Ifyouscanforthenegativefirst,yourbrainreallyhasnoresourcesleftovertoseethethingsyouaregratefulfororthemeaningembedded(嵌入)inyourwork.Butifyouscantheworldforthepositive,youstarttoacquireanamazingadvantage.IwrotethecoverstoryfortheHarvardBusinessReviewmagazineon“HappinessLeadstoProfits”.Basedonmyarticlecalled“PositiveIntelligence”andmyresearchinTheHappinessAdvantage,Isummarizedourresearchedconclusion:thesinglegreatestadvantageinthemoderneconomyisahappyandbusyworkforce.Adecadeofresearchinthebusinessworldprovesthathappinessraisesnearlyeverybusinessandeducationaloutcome:increasingsalesby37%,productivityby31%,andaccuracyontasksby19%,aswellasanumberofhealthandquality-of-lifeimprovements.9．Theunderlinedword“this”inthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A．thefactthatpeoplearehappyB．theconnectionbetweenhappinessandeducationaloutcomeC．thefactthatpeopleoftenmisunderstandhappinessD．thefactthatmostpeopleareaverage10．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Scientistsareonlyinterestedinwhattheaverageis.B．Youcanchoosetobehappyornot.C．Theaveragearenothappyatall.D．Ourdecisionsandhabitshavenothingtodowithhappiness.11．Whydoesthewritermentionhisarticlesandresearch?A．Toadvertisehimself.B．Toarousethereaders’interest.C．Tosupporthispointabouthappiness.D．Toattractthereaderstoreadhisarticles.12．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A．Todescribethemisunderstandingsabouthappiness.B．Toshowpeopletheimportanceofhappiness.C．Tomakethepointofwhatbusinessandeducationaloutcomeliesin.D．Tomakethepointthathappinesspromotesbusinessandeducationaloutcome.【答案】9．B

10．B

11．C

12．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章針對(duì)“幸?！边@一主題展開(kāi)論述，論述了幸福感的提升對(duì)我們?nèi)粘５慕?jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)與教育成果有重大益處。9．詞義猜測(cè)題。this應(yīng)指代上文出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。由文章第一段第二句“Butwhenweresearchit,happinessactuallyraiseseverysinglebusinessandeducationaloutcomeforthebrain.(但當(dāng)我們對(duì)它進(jìn)行研究時(shí)，幸福實(shí)際上會(huì)提高大腦的每一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)和教育成果)”可知，幸福實(shí)際上會(huì)提高大腦的每一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)和教育成果。故可推知，下文中的this指代的是上一句中幸福和教育結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，故選B。10．推理判斷題。由第三段的“Scientifically,happinessisachoice.(科學(xué)地說(shuō)，幸福是一種選擇)”和“Ifyouscanforthenegativefirst,yourbrainreallyhasnoresourcesleftovertoseethethingsyouaregratefulfororthemeaningembedded(嵌入)inyourwork.Butifyouscantheworldforthepositive,youstarttoacquireanamazingadvantage.(如果你先看消極的一面，你的大腦真的沒(méi)有余力去看你感激的事情或你工作的意義。但如果你從積極的角度審視這個(gè)世界，你就會(huì)開(kāi)始獲得驚人的優(yōu)勢(shì))”可知，你如果心態(tài)消極，那么你就看不見(jiàn)你所感恩的東西，同樣也看不到工作的意義。但是如果你積極的細(xì)看這個(gè)世界，你會(huì)開(kāi)始獲得令人意想不到的益處。通過(guò)這兩種態(tài)度可以得出，幸福就是一個(gè)選擇，你可以選擇快樂(lè)你也可以選擇悲傷，關(guān)鍵在于你自己，故選B。11．推理判斷題。由文章第四段第一、二句“IwrotethecoverstoryfortheHarvardBusinessReviewmagazineon“HappinessLeadstoProfits”.Basedonmyarticlecalled“PositiveIntelligence”andmyresearchinTheHappinessAdvantage,Isummarizedourresearchedconclusion:thesinglegreatestadvantageinthemoderneconomyisahappyandbusyworkforce.(我為《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》雜志撰寫(xiě)了題為“幸福帶來(lái)好處”的封面故事。根據(jù)我的文章《積極的智力》和我在《幸福優(yōu)勢(shì)》中的研究，我總結(jié)了我們的研究結(jié)論：現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)中最大的單一優(yōu)勢(shì)是快樂(lè)和忙碌的勞動(dòng)力)”可推知，作者提及自己寫(xiě)的文章和調(diào)查研究，是為了支撐中心論點(diǎn)——幸福感，故選C。12．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其第一段的“Butwhenweresearchit,happinessactuallyraiseseverysinglebusinessandeducationaloutcomeforthebrain.(但當(dāng)我們對(duì)它進(jìn)行研究時(shí)，幸福實(shí)際上會(huì)提高大腦的每一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)和教育成果)可知，本文主要圍繞人的幸福感展開(kāi)論述，通過(guò)人們對(duì)幸福的不同理解和作者的佐證，以及利用研究調(diào)查得出一重要結(jié)論——幸福感可以促進(jìn)業(yè)務(wù)和增強(qiáng)教育成果。由此推知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是為了證明為了證明幸福能促進(jìn)事業(yè)和教育成果。故選D。DHaveyoueveryelledatyourcomputerbecauseitwasn’tworking?Yourcomputercouldn’t“yell”back-untilnow.AIresearchersarenowworkingoncomputersthatcanargueandperhapsevenwindebateswithhumans.IBMscientistspublishedapaperinNatureonMarch17abouttheirnewAIsystem-ProjectDebater.Itcandebatewithpeopleindependentlyinfrontofliveaudiences.Afterlisteningtoargumentsfromitsopponent(對(duì)手),thesystemcansearcharound400milliononlinearticlesinlessthanfiveminutes.Itlooksforideasthatcansupportitsownargument.Testingonthesystembeganin2019whenitdebatedwithHarishNatarajan,aprofessionaldebaterwhoholdstheworldrecordformostdebatecompetitionvictories.Thedebatetopicwaswhetherornotpreschoolshouldbesubsidized(給.....補(bǔ)助),andtheAIsystemarguedinfavorofthisidea.AlthoughtheAIlostthedebateintheendbasedontheaudiencevote,theaudiencesaiditdidverywell.Interestingly,58percentoftheaudiencesaidthatProjectDebaterincreasedtheirknowledgeaboutthetopic,whileonly20percentsaidthesameaboutNatarajan.Also,ProjectDebaterhasshownstrengthatmakingimpressiveandlogicalopeningstatementsinthedebate,accordingtoScientificAmerican.Aftercompetingwithvarioushumandebaters,theAIsystem’soverallperformanceremainsinferior(遜色的),“fullycapableofsoundingawkwardduringanargument,”notedScientificAmerican.Inotherwords,theback-and-forthargumentsintheAIsystem’sdebatesdon’tsoundlikearealhumanconversation.“Onstage,ProjectDebaterisfarfromperfect,anditsmissteps(過(guò)失)revealjusthowdifficultandhowhumanargumentationanddebateare,”saidcomputerscientistChrisReedoftheUniversityofDundeeintheUK.Humansandtechnologyhavebeenfacingofffordecades.In1997,IBM’sDeepBluebecamethefirstcomputertodefeatareigning(衛(wèi)冕的)chesschampion,bestingtitan(巨人)GarryKasparovinasix-gamematch.Soaftertwodecades,haveIBM’sresearchersjustreproduceda“DeepBlue”todebate?It’smuchmorethanthat,theresearchersnoted.Argumentanddebatearefundamental(基本的)capabilities(能力)ofhumanintelligence,andit’sastepoutsideofAI’scomfortzonetoenterthisrealm(領(lǐng)域),accordingtothearticleinNature.13．HowcanProjectDebaterdebatewithhumans?A．Bylearningfromhumans.B．Bymakinguseofitsinternaldata.C．Bylisteningtoresearchers’instructions.D．Bycollectingalotofdatainashorttime.14．WhatdidthemajorityoftheaudiencethinkabouttheperformanceofProjectDebaterinthetesting?A．Itmadethemmoreawareofthetopic.B．Itsstatementswerenotlogicalenough.C．ItsoverallperformancewasbetterthanNatarajan’s.D．Itsopeningstatementswereboring.15．Whatdoparagraphs4and5mainlytalkabout?A．ThedisadvantagesofProjectDebater.B．ProjectDebater’scompetitionswithotherhumandebaters.C．TheapplicationoftheAsysteminthefuture.D．ChallengesfacingtheAIsystemandhumandebaters.16．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A．ProjectDebaterisconsideredanupdatedversionofDeepBlue.B．HumanshaveanadvantageoverAIindebating.C．AIhasalongwaytogobeforeitcanwinagainsthumans.D．AItechnologyhasn’tprogressedmuchinthelastdecades.【答案】1．D

2．A

3．A

4．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了人工智能研究的項(xiàng)目——與人類(lèi)進(jìn)行辯論的ProjectDebater。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Afterlisteningtoargumentsfromitsopponent