時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)TenseandVoice時(shí)間狀態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)將來時(shí)過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)完成體進(jìn)行體一般體1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)意義：構(gòu)成：e.g.Weplant300treeseveryyear.時(shí)間狀語：every+n.，often，always，sometimes等。被動(dòng)：is/am/are+done300treesareplantedbyuseveryyear.do/does表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)、未來的時(shí)間表、安排等。在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)1.一般情況直接+slike—likes喜歡2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加+eswash—washes洗3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞把y變i,再加esstudy—studies學(xué)習(xí)特殊記have,do,gohave—has有，吃，喝，玩do—does做go—goes去動(dòng)詞變單三的規(guī)則look—kiss—stay—play—mix—express—do—ignore—carry—catch—

looksstaysmixesdoescarrieskissesplaysexpressesignorescatchesHaveatry1.QuanHongchansaysshe____________(practice)divingeveryday.2.QuanHongchan____________(perform)perfectlyinthecompetitionandwonthefirstprize.performedpractices2.一般過去時(shí)意義：構(gòu)成：e.g.We

planted300treeslastyear.時(shí)間狀語：yesterday,lastmonth,attheageof5,justnow等。被動(dòng)：was/were+done300treeswereplantedbyuslastyear.did表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（包括過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作）或存在的狀態(tài)。情況構(gòu)詞方法例詞一般情況加-edwant→wanted以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i加-edstudy→studied以字母-e結(jié)尾加-dlive→lived以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母末尾字母雙寫再加-edstop→stoppedbeg—beggeddrop—droppedplan—planned動(dòng)詞過去式的規(guī)則變化

動(dòng)詞過去式不規(guī)則變化（見書最后幾頁)：AAA型：cost-cost-cost,cut-cut-cutAAB型：beat-beat-beatenABA型：become-became-becomeABB型：get-got-gotABC型：begin-began-begunsing-sang-sungknow-knew-knowngrow-grew-grownThegamewhichI_________(watch)yesterdaywassoattractive.IlikewatchingPingponggamebest,which______(be)soattractive.iswatched3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)意義：構(gòu)成：e.g.WearelearningEnglishnow.時(shí)間狀語：now,atthemoment,atpresent,rightnow,look,listen等。被動(dòng)：bebeingdoneEnglishisbeinglearntbyusnow.am/is/aredoing表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。V-ing的變化規(guī)則：1.直接加ingdo-doing2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加inglive-living3.輔元輔結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)sit-sittingdrop-dropping4.以ie結(jié)尾die-dying

lie-lyingtie-tying4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)意義：構(gòu)成：e.g.Iwaswalkingmydogat8o’clocklastnight.時(shí)間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,at8lastnight等。被動(dòng)：was/werebeingdoneMydogwasbeingwalkedbymeat8o’clocklastnight.was/weredoing表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1．I

(read)somenewspaperatsevenyesterdayevening.2．Nowhe

(write)abookaboutNewYork.Idon'tthinkhewillfinishit.3．ZhangHuadoesalotofhouseworkeveryevening，butnowhe

(help)hisschoolmateswiththeirlessons.wasreadingiswritingishelping5.一般將來時(shí)意義：構(gòu)成：e.g.Wewilltakemanyexamsinthenext3years.時(shí)間狀語：after3days,inthefuture,nextMonday等。被動(dòng)：will/shallbedonebegoingtobedoneManyexamswillbetakenbyusinthenext3years.表示在現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；也表示某種打算、計(jì)劃，或準(zhǔn)備要做某事。

shall/willdo(shall常用于第一人稱)am/is/aregoingtodo、betodo(計(jì)劃、義務(wù)、可能等)另外：還可以用其他時(shí)態(tài)表將來(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來:A.表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情:come，go，arrive，leave，return（表示位置移動(dòng)的詞），start，begin.(如列車時(shí)刻表等)。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.B.在if，assoonas，until，when，before，after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中WhenBillcomes，askhimtowaitforme.(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來:意為“意圖”“打算”“安排”，常用于人。常用詞為come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。I'mleavingtomorrow.

6.過去將來時(shí)意義：構(gòu)成：

e.g.Hesaidthathewouldplant1000treesin2028.時(shí)間狀語：thefollowingmonth,thenextFriday,thenextyear等。被動(dòng)：would/shouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedone1000treeswouldbeplantedbyhimin2028.表示從過去某時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。would/shoulddo、was/weregoingtodo7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意義:構(gòu)成：e.g.Wehavelearnt300wordsinthelast10days.時(shí)間狀語：already,ever,never,just,yet,sofar,recently,lately,uptonow,untilnow,since,for,over/in/duringthelast/pastyears等。被動(dòng)：have/hasbeendone300wordshavebeenlearntbyusinthelast10days.have/hasdone（1）動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以和表示持續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語連用；（2）動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，已經(jīng)完成，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在有影響，一般沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語，主要通過上下文來理解。8.過去完成時(shí)意義：某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去構(gòu)成：e.g.Hesaidthathehadplanted300trees.時(shí)間狀語：3daysearlier/before,bytheendof+過去時(shí)間等。被動(dòng)：hadbeendone300treeshadbeenplantedbyhim.haddone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形e.g.Icanseearedflagovertheblackboard.被動(dòng)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedoneAredflagcanbeseenbymeovertheblackboard.Practice(1)Thesunalways

(rise)intheeast.(2)Heoften

(wash)hisclothesonSundays.(3)He

(leave)forShanghaiyesterday.(4)It

(rain)hardwhenIleftmyhouse.(5)Nowhe

(write)abookaboutNewYork.(6)Myuncle

(work)inthatfactorysince1958.(7)We_______________(learn)2,000wordsbytheendoflastyear.

risesleftwasheswasrainingiswritinghasworkedhadlearnt5現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞study為例，將12種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成列表如下：一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在過去將來

---------過去將來---------------------------時(shí)式5現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞study為例，將12種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成列表如下：一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)studystudies現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)amstudyingarestudyingisstudying現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havestudiedhas

studied現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)havebeenstudyinghasbeenstudying過去一般過去時(shí)studied過去進(jìn)行時(shí)wa