第二講規(guī)避五大易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)完形填空是考生得分率較低的題型，也是高考的拉分題目，所以這類題對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)分分都要爭(zhēng)，每分都要保，力爭(zhēng)得滿分。主要有以下幾個(gè)原因會(huì)導(dǎo)致失分：①解題信息比較隱蔽；②干擾項(xiàng)迷惑性較強(qiáng)；③文中人物的情感態(tài)度較難把握；④慣性思維所致。針對(duì)這些情況，考生除了需要具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底外，還應(yīng)提升思維品質(zhì)和推理能力。考生在做完形填空題時(shí)不要急于求成，而是要三思而后決斷，盡力規(guī)避以下易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一因缺乏全篇關(guān)聯(lián)思維抓不住文章主線而錯(cuò)選完形填空的考查點(diǎn)依附于語(yǔ)篇，而語(yǔ)篇具有連貫性，絕不能局限于某一句或某一句群，這就要求考生要理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脈絡(luò)、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理，然后進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的推理和判斷，從而做出正確的選擇。對(duì)于此類題目，一定要堅(jiān)持一個(gè)原則——不急于解答，根據(jù)上下文綜合考慮再做判定。[典例1](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.

WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend41.wonamarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning...Tobehonest,I44.hatedit！Betweenthegirlmakingmy45.achievementseemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly46.reasonI'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!

SoI47.turnedtocycling...I'dneverfacedsuch51.challenges．Thatday,Igot52.passedbyabout100“l(fā)ocal”bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas53.appealing．

I've54alotsincethen.I'vecometoacceptthatwhatever55.goalsIsetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.54．A．traveled B．maturedC．missed D．worried√[解析]

通讀文章可知，在生活中，作者受到了他人的成就的激勵(lì)作用以及消極作用，青年時(shí)期作者受朋友的激勵(lì)而開(kāi)始跑步，但后來(lái)因遇到更厲害的跑步者和感到跑步的無(wú)聊而放棄，后來(lái)又想騎自行車，但發(fā)現(xiàn)也技不如人而最終放棄。通過(guò)跑步和騎行這兩件事情，作者已經(jīng)逐漸意識(shí)到目標(biāo)應(yīng)針對(duì)自身而設(shè)，因此作者成熟(mature)了很多。如果考生缺乏全篇關(guān)聯(lián)思維，抓不住文章主線，很容易錯(cuò)選C(失去了很多)。[典例2](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)WhenIdecidedtobuyahouseinEuropetenyearsago,Ididn'tthinktoolong.IlikedtravelinginFrance,butwhenitcametopickingmyfavoritespotto41，Italywastheclearwinner.

DuringmyfirstvisittoItaly,I42.struggledtoaskfordirectionsororderinarestaurant...AfterImadeItalymypermanenthome,Idiscoveredhow46.warm－h(huán)eartedItaliansare.41.A．study B．rentC．visit D．settle√[解析]

上文“IlikedtravelinginFrance”和下文“DuringmyfirstvisittoItaly”很容易給考生造成一種錯(cuò)覺(jué)，認(rèn)為作者在選擇自己最喜歡的旅游目的地。但通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)首句以及下文“AfterImadeItalymypermanenthome,Idiscoveredhow46.warm－h(huán)eartedItaliansare.”可知，作者是想在歐洲定居(settle)，而不僅僅是在歐洲旅游。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二因詞匯理解障礙而錯(cuò)選在完形填空的設(shè)題上，課標(biāo)詞匯中較為生僻的單詞以及由課標(biāo)詞組成的較生僻的短語(yǔ)近幾年也逐漸出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，而這些較難詞匯大都是易被忽視的單詞。它們的拼寫和詞義較為復(fù)雜且難記，在語(yǔ)篇中的考查數(shù)量相對(duì)較少。一旦涉及，考生往往見(jiàn)難生畏、望而卻步。另外，完形填空中出現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多由課標(biāo)詞派生而來(lái)的詞，此類詞并非是生詞，而是對(duì)課標(biāo)詞匯的延伸，需要考生掌握一定的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法巧推詞義。考查角度一般為派生詞的常見(jiàn)詞綴(un-，in-，im-，dis-，re-，-ly,-less,-ness,-ful等)的意義、詞類轉(zhuǎn)化(動(dòng)詞用作名詞、名詞用作動(dòng)詞或形容詞)和合成詞等構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)?？忌趥淇紩r(shí)要對(duì)照課標(biāo)詞匯表查漏補(bǔ)缺，多積累由課標(biāo)詞組成的生僻詞匯，做到課標(biāo)詞匯無(wú)遺漏。

[典例3](2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Aftersomegoodbyes,IaskedGeorgeandhiswifetohelpme51.loadTiffyintotheplane.IpromisedtotakecareofTiffyand52.callthemassoonaswegottoKansasCity.

Theflightwas53

，andTiffywasagreatpassenger.Thenextday,she54.flewwithKarenandmadeitbacktoGeorgeinVirginiawithinafewdays.53．A．unnecessary

B．unexpectedC．unavoidable D．uneventful√[解析]

根據(jù)下文“andTiffywasagreatpassenger”可知，這次飛行一切都平安無(wú)事。uneventful平靜無(wú)事的。本題的難度在于對(duì)uneventful的理解，學(xué)習(xí)該詞時(shí)可以這樣記憶：un不＋event事件＋ful形容詞后綴→不可能發(fā)生的事件，注定是平凡的，沒(méi)有刺激來(lái)促進(jìn)事件的發(fā)生→uneventful平靜無(wú)事的。做題時(shí)，很多考生可能因?yàn)樵~匯理解障礙而錯(cuò)選失分。[典例4](2023·浙江卷1月)49.Finally,Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.Sittingonabranch，he50towardsitandblewsmokefromhistorchintoatinyholeinthehive.Suddenly，Ziyadletoutasharpcry.Withinseconds,he'd51.sliddownthetrunkandwasbackontheground.50．A．backed

B．dived

C．shouted

D．inched√[解析]

根據(jù)上文可知，齊亞德是在離地面約20米的樹(shù)頂上采集蜂蜜，因此他應(yīng)該是小心翼翼地朝著蜂箱緩慢移動(dòng)。inch一般作名詞用(英寸)，是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)度單位，但在此處是作動(dòng)詞用，意為“(使朝某方向)謹(jǐn)慎移動(dòng)”，對(duì)于考生而言，這一含義較為生僻，較難選出正確答案。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三因不能正確區(qū)分形近詞(組)或近義詞(組)而錯(cuò)選完形填空題選項(xiàng)中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些形近詞(組)或近義詞(組)讓考生辨析，因?yàn)樾问较嘟蛞饬x相近，無(wú)形中增加了難度，如果考生掌握得不好或沒(méi)有著眼于語(yǔ)篇的意義就很容易選錯(cuò)。[典例5](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.

WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend41.wonamarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning42，butthentwothingshappened.42．A．regularly B．silentlyC．proudly D．recently√[解析]

本題中，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)形式相似、詞性相同，部分考生容易因混淆而失分?？忌梢岳眠壿嫹治龇ń忸}。結(jié)合上文語(yǔ)境可知，作者受到了鄰居的激勵(lì)，因此應(yīng)是開(kāi)始定期(regularly)跑步。regularly定期地；silently默默地；proudly驕傲地；recently最近。[典例6](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Eachtownhasitsowntraditional50.dish,andeveryfamilykeepsarecipepassedfromonegenerationtoanother.Families51.gatherforbigmealsonSundays,birthdays,andwhateverotherexcusestheycan52.Thesemealsarealways53.accompaniedbylaughterandjoy.52．A．putupwith

B．standupforC．comeupwith D．makeupfor√[解析]

本題中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是“動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞”的詞組，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。本題可以利用邏輯分析法解題。根據(jù)上文可知，每個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)都有自己傳統(tǒng)的菜肴，家家戶戶都有祖?zhèn)鞯氖匙V。家人會(huì)在星期天、生日以及其他時(shí)刻聚在一起享用大餐。除了星期天、生日之外，人們還會(huì)想出(comeupwith)各種“借口”來(lái)聚餐。comeupwith想出，想起。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四因不明一詞多義或熟詞生義而錯(cuò)選在最近幾年的完形填空中，對(duì)于一詞多義或熟詞生義的考查屢見(jiàn)不鮮，這往往也是考生容易忽視的地方。很多考生由于不懂這些熟詞的“生義”而出現(xiàn)思維堵塞，造成失分。或者考生可能熟悉這些詞的多個(gè)詞義，但在語(yǔ)篇的具體語(yǔ)境中常常混淆這些詞義。所以，要確定該詞的確切詞義，就必須具體到語(yǔ)境，弄清楚該詞在語(yǔ)境中的意義。[典例7](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)DuringmyfirstvisittoItaly,I42.struggledtoaskfordirectionsororderinarestaurant.ButeverytimeItriedto43asentenceofItaliantogether,thelocalssmiledatmeand44.praisedmylanguageskills.43．A．string

B．hang

C．mix D．match√[解析]

根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境可知，作者問(wèn)路或點(diǎn)餐很費(fèi)力，再結(jié)合空后的together可知，作者努力把句子串起來(lái)(string)。stringn．細(xì)繩，帶子；琴弦

v．用……穿起來(lái)；串起來(lái)，串成一串。string屬于一詞多義，本句用的是動(dòng)詞用法。如果詞義混淆的話，容易錯(cuò)選。[典例8](2024·全國(guó)甲卷)BornjustbeforeWWⅡ，mygrandmother43.experiencedanentirelydifferentchildhoodlifestylefrommine...Theonlyopportunity(機(jī)會(huì))shecouldseizeto47.studywaswhenherbrotherwashavingChinese48.lessonswiththefamilytutor.Shewouldsitquietlyatthefarendofthelongdinnertable,listening49.ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequite50.practical,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.49．A．closely

B．directly

C．nervously

D．freely√[解析]

根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境可知，奶奶的哥哥在上中文課時(shí)，奶奶總是仔細(xì)(closely)聽(tīng)著。closely作為副詞時(shí)熟義為“接近地，嚴(yán)密地”，本句中用的生義“仔細(xì)地”。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)五因慣性思維而錯(cuò)選在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，考生的母語(yǔ)、知識(shí)面、思維習(xí)慣等都有可能令考生產(chǎn)生一些思維定式?？忌趯W(xué)習(xí)單詞、詞組或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)時(shí)，受到思維定式的影響，只記中文意思，而不深刻理解實(shí)際用法和英漢用法之間的細(xì)微差異。完形填空解題中因慣性思維而失分常有以下兩種情況：

1．學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)受到的思維定式影響。學(xué)生往往過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化地記憶單詞的中文意思，而忽略實(shí)際用法及英漢差異。例：failtodosth.表示“沒(méi)做成某事”，而表達(dá)“成功做某事”時(shí)則不能用succeedtodosth.，要用succeedindoingsth.。解題時(shí)要關(guān)注語(yǔ)境、含義、用法及詞形轉(zhuǎn)化。

2．學(xué)習(xí)詞組或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)時(shí)受到的思維定式影響。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)詞組時(shí)容易受到思維定式影響。例：在學(xué)習(xí)了waitfor后，有些學(xué)生在遇到wait后面接介詞時(shí)，就選擇for。但在“Hestoppedhiscartowaitattheredlight.”中用at而不用for。解題時(shí)要注意文章結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行整句理解和整段把握。[典例9](2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Iguessourdifferentchildhoodbackgroundiswhatmakesmygrandmothersuchanamazingpersonto59.talkto：herstoriesalwaysmakemyhistorytextbooks60．60．A．cometrue B．comeroundC．comeout D．comealive√[解析]

根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境可知，作者和奶奶不同的童年背景使奶奶成為一個(gè)令人驚嘆的聊天對(duì)象，奶奶的故事總是讓作者的歷史教科書栩栩如生(comealive)。但學(xué)生易受思維定式影響，可能看到historytextbooks就下意識(shí)地選擇comeout(出版發(fā)行)這個(gè)固定搭配，從而誤選。[典例10](2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Aftersomegoodbyes，IaskedGeorgeandhiswifetohelpme51.loadTiffyintotheplane.IpromisedtotakecareofTiffyand52.callthemassoonaswegottoKansasCity.

Theflightwas53.uneventful,andTiffywasagreatpassenger.Thenextday,she54withKarenandmadeitbacktoGeorgeinVirginiawithinafewdays.Hewasso55.thankfulandsentmeanicee-mailwithpictures.ItfeltgreattoknowthatIhadhelpedbringthisfamilytogetheragain.54．A．returned

B．fought

C．flew

D．a(chǎn)greed[解析]

根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，作者帶著蒂菲到達(dá)了堪薩斯城，后面的行程由凱倫帶著蒂菲繼續(xù)飛(fly)往弗吉尼亞。但學(xué)生受思維定式影響，可能看到with就下意識(shí)地以為選擇agreewith這個(gè)固定搭配，從而誤選?！陶n堂新體驗(yàn)PART01第一部分Test1

(2024·廣東六校9月聯(lián)考)Thereisnowaytheyjustdroveintothatwater,thoughtCorionEvans.The16-year-oldteenagerwas1________________withfriendsnearthePascagoulaRiverwhenacarwiththreeteenagegirlsinsideaccidentally2__________offtheroadintotheriverandstartedto3__________some20feetawayfromland.體裁主題語(yǔ)境難度記敘文勇敢救人★★★☆☆B.hangingoutA.slippedC.sink

ItwasaroundmidnightinJuly.Inthe4____________，Evansandhisfriendscould5____________figureoutthegirlsholdingontotheroof,theonlypartofthecarstillabovewater.Buttheycouldhear6____________forhelp.D.darknessD.barelyB.screaming

Evanstookoffhisshirtandshoeswithout7__________，divingintothewater.Hehelpedthefirstgirlhesawandledhertotheshore.Then,hejumpedbackintotheriverto8__________anotherofthegirls.Buthalfwaybacktothebank,shewasso9__________astogounderwater,pullingEvansdownwithher.Evansfoughthiswayandpushedherto10__________.C.hesitationA.rescueB.panicD.safety

Therewasstillonegirlinthewater.Watson,19,couldnot11_________.Shewasswallowingwater,scared,12___________tostayafloat.“IjustknewmylastbreathwascomingandIbegantogounder.Then,ashake.Evans13_________me，”Watsonsaidlater.

Thethreegirlswererushedtothehospitalandwell14__________.Evansriskedhislifetosavethem,buthesaidhehadnoother15__________________．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章講述了一名叫埃文斯的十六歲少年勇敢地在河中救出三個(gè)女孩的故事。C.swimA.StrugglingB.grabbedD.attendedC.alternatives1．A．checkingout

B．hangingoutC．stayingup D．breakingupB

根據(jù)下文withfriendsnearthePascagoulaRiver可知，埃文斯當(dāng)時(shí)正和朋友在河邊閑逛(hangout)。2．A．slipped B．developedC．stayed D．skippedA

根據(jù)上文“Thereisnowaytheyjustdroveintothatwater,thoughtCorionEvans.”可知，她們不可能直接把車開(kāi)到河里，說(shuō)明車是從公路上滑(slip)到河里的。3．A．expose B．trembleC．sink D．floatC

根據(jù)下文“Evansandhisfriends...theonlypartofthecarstillabovewater.”可知，車已經(jīng)下沉(sink)到河里。4．A．silence B．noiseC．sadness D．darknessD

根據(jù)上文“ItwasaroundmidnightinJuly.”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)是七月的午夜時(shí)分，說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)天很黑(darkness)。5．A．casually B．nearlyC．instantly D．barelyD

根據(jù)上文“ItwasaroundmidnightinJuly.”可知，事故發(fā)生的時(shí)候是午夜時(shí)分，埃文斯和他的朋友們勉強(qiáng)(barely)能看清當(dāng)時(shí)的情況。6．A．whispering B．screamingC．complaining D．claimingB

根據(jù)上文“whenacarwiththreeteenagegirlsinsideaccidentally offtheroadintotheriver”可知，女孩們的車沉入了水中，埃文斯聽(tīng)到了女孩們的求救聲(scream)。7．A．a(chǎn)ssumption B．explanationC．hesitation D．permissionC

根據(jù)上文“Evansandhisfriends...theonlypartofthecarstillabovewater”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)車已經(jīng)快要沉入水底了，情況非常緊急，埃文斯為了救人毫不猶豫(hesitation)地跳入水中。8．A．rescue B．deliverC．liberate D．releaseA

根據(jù)上文“Then,hejumpedbackintotheriver”可知，埃文斯跳回河中去救(rescue)另一個(gè)女孩。9．A．a(chǎn)nxious B．panicC．cautious D．a(chǎn)wkwardB

根據(jù)下文“astogounderwater,pullingEvansdownwithher”可知，第二個(gè)女孩太驚慌(panic)了，以至于又潛下水并把埃文斯也拉下水。10．A．health B．independenceC．strength D．safetyD

根據(jù)下文“Therewasstillonegirlinthewater.”可知，埃文斯把第二個(gè)女孩推到了安全的地方(safety)。11．A．drive B．escapeC．swim D．surfC

根據(jù)下文“Shewasswallowingwater,scared,_____tostayafloat.”可知，華生不會(huì)游泳(swim)。12．A．struggling B．worryingC．wandering D．improvingA

根據(jù)上文“Watson,19,couldnot_____．”可知，華生不會(huì)游泳，在水中掙扎(struggle)著保持漂浮。13．A．touched B．grabbedC．a(chǎn)ttached D．detectedB

根據(jù)上文“Then,ashake.”可知，華生在將要下沉?xí)r感到晃動(dòng)，說(shuō)明埃文斯抓住(grab)了她。14．A．a(chǎn)djusted B．educatedC．protected D．a(chǎn)ttendedD

根據(jù)上文“Thethreegirlswererushedtothehospital”可知，三個(gè)女孩被送到了醫(yī)院，她們被很好地照顧(attend)。15．A．a(chǎn)ctions B．challengesC．a(chǎn)lternatives D．chancesC

根據(jù)上文“Evanstookoffhisshirtandshoeswithout____，divingintothewater.”可知，埃文斯毫不猶豫地跳下河救人，說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)情況緊急沒(méi)有其他的選擇(alternative)。Test2

(2024·泰安一模)IwasinWashingtoncoveringaconference.However,Icameacrossacurious-looking1__________shopwithitsdoorpartlyopen.體裁主題語(yǔ)境難度夾敘夾議文特殊的糖果店★★★☆☆D.candy

Citizensheresaidithadbeenlikethat2__________aslongastheycouldremember,butnooneknew3__________．“Maybetheownerisjustlazy，”I4_____________theshadyentrance,eagertofindoutthereason.A(n)5____________“Welcome！”camefromaman'svoice.AndoutwalkedMr.Smith,the90-year-old6__________ofthiscandyshopwhichIsuddenlyrealizedhad7__________candies.Mr.Smithexplainedtheplacewasacandystoreopenedbyhim50yearsago,buthisenergy8__________________inoldagesohesoldnothingforlong.A.everydayC.whyA.approachedB.enthusiasticB.ownerD.noD.fadedaway

IadmiredMr.Smith'slongexcellentserviceinthearea.Hehada9__________attitudetolife.IaskedMr.Smithwhyhisstorefrontwasinsuchastate.Mr.Smith,smiling,replied,“I10__________abagbythedoorthatacustomerlefttwoyearsago.HonestlyIwanttojust11__________thestore,butbecausethebag'sownermightcomeby12_________forit,Ikeepthedooropenjustalittlebit.”IwasmovedtotearsbyMr.Smith'sshockingly13__________deeds.Ithenlookeddown,andsureenoughtherewasasmallbagonthecounterwithapaperthatread,“14__________Item.”B.positiveC.keepD.closeA.lookingB.sweetB.Found

IlefttheshopfeelingbetterabouthumanityandwasgladtherearepeoplelikeMr.Smithlivingthegoodlifeandkeeping15_________forever.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】作者講述了自己在華盛頓遇到的一次溫暖的經(jīng)歷。一位糖果店店主因年歲變大，精力有限，想要關(guān)掉店鋪。但兩年前有一位顧客把包遺忘在店里，店鋪雖然不再開(kāi)門營(yíng)業(yè)，但店主每天都把門半開(kāi)，等待著顧客來(lái)尋找他的包。C.faith1．A．clothing B．foodC．fruit D．candyD

根據(jù)下文thiscandyshop、acandystore可知，這是一家糖果(candy)店。2．A．everyday B．occasionallyC．eve