標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀

《GB/T 45021.1-2024 光伏組件性能測試和能量評定 第1部分：輻照度和溫度性能測量和功率評定》是針對光伏組件在不同環(huán)境條件下進(jìn)行性能測試及能量評定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)旨在通過規(guī)定具體的測試方法與條件，確保光伏組件的性能數(shù)據(jù)具有可比性和準(zhǔn)確性。

在輻照度和溫度性能測量方面，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳細(xì)描述了如何設(shè)置測試環(huán)境以模擬實(shí)際使用中的光照強(qiáng)度變化以及溫度波動情況。它強(qiáng)調(diào)了在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試條件下（如特定的太陽光譜、入射角等）進(jìn)行基準(zhǔn)測試的重要性，并指出為了獲得更全面的數(shù)據(jù)，還應(yīng)在非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件下（例如不同的傾斜角度或遮擋情況下）進(jìn)行額外測試。

對于功率評定，本文件提供了計(jì)算最大功率點(diǎn)的方法，包括但不限于IV曲線追蹤技術(shù)。此外，考慮到外界因素對光伏系統(tǒng)效率的影響，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建議采用多種模型來預(yù)測組件在長期運(yùn)行中可能達(dá)到的實(shí)際輸出功率。這些模型考慮到了諸如灰塵積累、老化效應(yīng)等因素。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中也提到了關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)記錄與報(bào)告的具體要求，比如需要記錄每次測試時(shí)的確切時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、天氣狀況等信息，以便于后續(xù)分析與驗(yàn)證。同時(shí)，對于實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的選擇也有明確指導(dǎo)，要求使用經(jīng)過校準(zhǔn)且精度滿足一定要求的儀器來進(jìn)行所有相關(guān)測量工作。


如需獲取更多詳盡信息，請直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔。

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ICS27.160

CCSK83

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T45021.1—2024

光伏組件性能測試和能量評定

第1部分：輻照度和溫度性能測量和

功率評定

Photovoltaic（PV）moduleperformancetestingandenergyrating—

Part1：Irradianceandtemperatureperformancemeasurementsand

powerrating

（IEC61853?1：2011，MOD）

2024?12?31發(fā)布2025?04?01實(shí)施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/T45021.1—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··············································································································2

4抽樣·······················································································································2

5標(biāo)志·······················································································································3

6試驗(yàn)和合格判據(jù)········································································································3

7報(bào)告·······················································································································3

8功率評定條件···········································································································4

8.1通則·················································································································4

8.2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試條件（STC）····························································································4

8.3電池標(biāo)稱工作溫度（NOCT）···················································································4

8.4低輻照度條件（LIC）·····························································································4

8.5高溫條件（HTC）··································································································4

8.6低溫條件（LTC）··································································································5

9輻照度和溫度性能測量程序·························································································5

9.1目的·················································································································5

9.2線性組件的簡化測量程序······················································································6

9.3自然光下使用跟蹤器的測量程序·············································································6

9.4自然光下不使用跟蹤器的測量程序··········································································8

9.5使用太陽模擬器的測量程序···················································································8

10功率評定···············································································································9

10.19

Isc、Voc、Vmax和Pmax的插值·····················································································

10.2功率評定········································································································10

參考文獻(xiàn)····················································································································11

表1參考功率條件概要（AM1.5G）···················································································4

25

表Isc，Pmax，Voc，和Vmax與輻照度和溫度對應(yīng)表··································································

圖1被測組件電池背面的溫度測量位置············································································6

Ⅰ

GB/T45021.1—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件是GB/T45021《光伏組件性能測試和能量評定》的第1部分。GB/T45021已經(jīng)發(fā)布了以

下部分：

——第1部分：輻照度和溫度性能測量和功率評定。

本文件修改采用IEC61853?1：2011《光伏組件性能測試和能量評定第1部分：輻照度和溫度性

能測量和功率評定》。

本文件增加了“術(shù)語和定義”一章。

本文件與IEC61853?1：2011的技術(shù)差異及其原因如下：

——修改了范圍（見第1章），以便于更好的反映標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適用性；

——更改了抽樣方法，用GB/T2828（所有部分）代替了IEC60410（見第4章），IEC60410已

廢止；

——用規(guī)范性引用的IEC60891:2021代替了IEC60891:2008（見9.1和10.1.5），IEC60891已修

訂更新版本；

——用規(guī)范性引用的IEC60904?7:2019代替了IEC60904?7（見9.3.6和9.5.6），IEC60904?7已修

訂更新版本；

——刪除IEC61215:2005和IEC61646:2008，對應(yīng)增加引用了IEC61215-2:2021（見第6章、8.1

和9.5.8），IEC61215:2005和IEC61646:2008已修訂合并到IEC61215系列。

本文件做了下列編輯性改動：

——將第1章中資料性引用的IEC61853?3增加到參考文獻(xiàn)；

——將文本中規(guī)范性引用的ISO/IEC17025增加到第2章。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中華人民共和國工業(yè)和信息化部提出。

本文件由全國太陽光伏能源系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會（SAC/TC90）歸口。

本文件起草單位：無錫尚德太陽能電力有限公司、合肥協(xié)鑫集成新能源科技有限公司、北京鑒衡認(rèn)

證中心有限公司、中國電子科技集團(tuán)公司第十八研究所、中國電子技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究。

本文件主要起草人：龔海丹、王國峰、陳曉達(dá)、肖志斌、馮亞彬、裴會川。

Ⅲ

GB/T45021.1—2024

引言

光伏（PV）組件通常在電池溫度25℃、輻照度1000W/m2和光譜AM1.5的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試條件（STC）

下進(jìn)行。然而，現(xiàn)場的光伏組件在一系列溫度、輻照度和光譜范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)行，為了準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測組件在不同條

件下的產(chǎn)能，有必要對寬范圍的溫度、輻照度、入射角和光譜下對組件進(jìn)行評估。

GB/T45021《光伏組件性能測試和能量評價(jià)》擬由四個(gè)部分組成。

——第1部分：輻照度和溫度性能測量與功率等級評定。目的在于規(guī)定在一系列輻照度和溫度

下，根據(jù)額定功率（瓦）評估光伏組件性能的要求。

——第2部分：光譜響應(yīng)度、入射角和組件工作溫度測量。目的在于確立測量入射角和光譜響應(yīng)

度的影響以及根據(jù)輻照度、環(huán)境溫度和風(fēng)速評估組件溫度的測試程序。

——第3部分：光伏組件的額定能量。目的在于描述光伏組件額定能量（瓦時(shí)）的計(jì)算方法。

——第4部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考?xì)夂蛭募?。目的在于給出可用于能量額定值計(jì)算的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間段和天氣

條件。

Ⅳ

GB/T45021.1—2024

光伏組件性能測試和能量評定

第1部分：輻照度和溫度性能測量和

功率評定

1范圍

本文件確立了光伏組件的測試和評定系統(tǒng)，確保在一系列特定條件下光伏組件功率[單位為瓦

（W）]以最大功率運(yùn)行；并給出了光伏組件在不同輻照度和溫度下的全套的特性參數(shù)，便于進(jìn)行光伏組

件能量評定（見IEC61853?3）。

本文件適用于地面用平板組件，如晶體硅組件以及薄膜組件。本文件也適用于單面組件。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于

本文件。

GB/T2828（所有部分)計(jì)數(shù)抽樣檢驗(yàn)程序

注：GB/T2828.1—2012計(jì)數(shù)抽樣檢驗(yàn)程序第1部分：按接收質(zhì)量限（AQL）檢索的逐批檢驗(yàn)抽樣計(jì)劃

（ISO2859?1：1999，IDT）

GB/T2828.2—2008計(jì)數(shù)抽樣檢驗(yàn)程序第2部分：按極限質(zhì)量LQ檢索的孤立批檢驗(yàn)抽樣方

案（ISO2859?2：1985，NEQ）

GB/T2828.3—2008計(jì)數(shù)抽樣檢驗(yàn)程序第3部分：跳批抽樣程序（ISO2859?3：2005，IDT)

GB/T2828.4—2008計(jì)數(shù)抽樣檢驗(yàn)程序第4部分：聲稱質(zhì)量水平的評定程序（ISO2859?4：

2002，MOD）

GB/T2828.5—2011計(jì)數(shù)抽樣檢驗(yàn)程序第5部分：按接收質(zhì)量限（AQL）檢索的逐批序貫抽樣

檢驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)（ISO2859?5：2005，IDT）

GB/T2828.10—2010計(jì)數(shù)抽樣檢驗(yàn)程序第10部分：GB/T2828計(jì)數(shù)抽樣檢驗(yàn)系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)則

（ISO2859?10：2006，MOD）

ISO/IEC17025檢測和校準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室能力的通用要求（Generalrequirementsforthecompetenceof

testingandcalibratio

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