Page2第三部分構(gòu)詞法英語中很多單詞的構(gòu)成形式是有規(guī)律的,掌握單詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律有助于理解和記憶詞匯。英語構(gòu)詞法主要有三種:合成、派生(前綴,后綴)和轉(zhuǎn)化。1.合成法:由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫作合成法。合成名詞:classroom,boyfriend,basketball,schoolbag,blackboard合成形容詞:worldwide,man-made,warm-hearted,good-looking,well-known合成副詞:however,whenever,somewhere,downstairs合成代詞:everything,somebody,anything,something,nothing合成介詞:within,without,into,onto合成動(dòng)詞:overcome合成數(shù)詞:fifty-four2.派生法:在一個(gè)單詞前面或后面加上一個(gè)詞綴構(gòu)成新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫作派生法。加在單詞前的詞綴叫作前綴,加在后面的詞綴叫作后綴。(1)前綴:un-(不、非,表示否定):unfriendly,unpleasant,uncomfortable,unhappy,unusualdis-(不、非,表示否定):discover,disagree,disappearim-(不、非,表示否定):impossible,impolitein-(不、非,表示否定):invisibleil-(不、非,表示否定):illegalmis-(不、非,表示否定):mistake,misunderstandbi-(兩個(gè)、雙邊的):bicycleinter-(相互、交叉、在一起):interview,international,Internetre-(又、再、重新):rewrite,return,review,retelltele-(遠(yuǎn)):telephone,televisionen-(使成為):enable,enjoy(2)后綴:①名詞后綴:-or/-er(從事某種職業(yè)的人):actor,visitor,director,doctor,inventor,translator,singer,runner,worker,teacher-ist(人):artist,scientist,tourist,pianist-ese(民族、語言):Chinese,Japanese-tion(表示行為、狀態(tài)):invitation,attraction,population,pronunciation,discussion-ment(表示行為、結(jié)果):movement,development-ness(表示狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)):happiness,illness-ship(表示狀態(tài)、身份):friendship,relationship②形容詞后綴:-ful(表示充滿):successful,beautiful,colorful,wonderful-y(表示性質(zhì)):funny,healthy,cloudy,windy,salty-ing(表示特征、狀態(tài)):boring,exciting,interesting,outstanding-ed(表示特征、狀態(tài)):surprised,balanced,relaxed,talented-al(表示與……有關(guān)的):traditional,international,natural,personal,national-able(表示能夠):comfortable,unforgettable,suitable-less(表示沒有、無):homeless,hopeless,careless,helpless-en(表示由……制成的):wooden,golden-ive(表示性質(zhì)、傾向):active,collective-ish(表示屬于,有……性質(zhì)的):foolish③副詞后綴:-ly(表示品質(zhì)、方式):really,usually,finally注意:friendly,lovely,lively這三個(gè)單詞雖以-ly結(jié)尾,但卻是形容詞。④數(shù)詞后綴:-teen(表示十幾):thirteen,fifteen,sixteen-ty(表示十):twenty,forty,seventy3.轉(zhuǎn)化法:一個(gè)單詞由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種詞類,這種構(gòu)詞法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與之前的意義聯(lián)系密切。(1)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞:shown.展覽;展示→showv.表演;展出handn.手→handv.交給watern.水→waterv.澆水colorn.顏色→colorv.給……著色(2)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞:slowadj.慢的→slowv.放慢cleanadj.干凈的→cleanv.把